Shared Hopes, Separate Fears

by Gardner, Paul F.

• ISBN13: 9780813331904
• ISBN10: 0813331900
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-02-06
• Publisher: Westview Pr

Summary

This book traces the often tumultuous history of U.S-Indonesian relations as experienced by those who witnessed it in the making. Incorporating the perspectives of participants from both nations, Paul Gardner focuses on a number of key phases in the relationship: the U.S. role in Indonesia's struggle for independence; the strains of the Cold War era, including covert U.S. support for Indonesian rebels in Sumatra and Sulawesi; U.S. mediation of the dispute over western New Guinea; the communist "coup" in 1965 and its violent aftermath; and the crucial U.S. role in organizing a multinational recovery effort for Indonesia's economy after the creation of its New Order in 1968. The book also addresses current issues, including economic differences, democratic development, and East Timor, and other human rights concerns.Gardner, himself a witness of key events, draws on interviews, personal papers, and recently declassified documents to provide an intimate view of the aspirations, insights, and acts of courage that built the Indonesian relationship; the fears, intrigue, and blunders that threatened it; and the complex issues the two nations face today.

Author Biography

Paul F. Gardner, a retired U.S. Foreign Service Officer, lived in Indonesia for nearly ten years.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	ix	(2)
Foreword	xi	(2)
Preface	xiii	(2)
Acknowledgments	xv	(2)
The United States-Indonesia Society	xvii
1 First Encounters	1	(23)
Images of Colonialism	4	(5)
The Economics in Political Images	9	(3)
Battlefield Bonds	12	(5)
The Dilemma of a Concerned Bystander	17	(4)
Notes	21	(3)
2 Tests of Trust and Resolve	24	(20)
An Old Hand in a Changed Land	25	(4)
"Economic Cooperation" with an Embargo	29	(3)
The Illusion of Shared Sovereignty	32	(4)
Moving to a Larger Stage	36	(5)
Notes	41	(3)
3 Between Friends Who Are Enemies	44	(28)
The View from Kaliurang	45	(3)
Rough Political Seas Aboard the USS Renville	48	(4)
The Indonesian View from New York and Washington	52	(6)
The Conversion of Coert duBois	58	(3)
Bad Relations in the Good Offices Negotiations	61	(6)
Putting Indonesia on Americans' Map	67	(2)
Notes	69	(3)
4 Insurrection, Invasion, and Independence	72	(25)
Cochran in Command	72	(2)
Between Colonialism and Communism	74	(6)
Prelude to an Invasion	80	(1)
"Police Action" and the Security Council	81	(7)
From the Round Table to a Unitary State	88	(6)
Notes	94	(3)
5 Indonesian Unity and the Cold War	97	(15)
Economic Aid and Mutual Security	98	(7)
The Perils of Secret Diplomacy	105	(4)
Notes	109	(3)
6 The Dulles Brothers and Sukarno	112	(12)
Nonalignment, New Guinea, and National Unity	116	(6)
Steps Forward and Backward	122	(4)
Sukarno in the United States and China	126	(4)
Notes	130	(3)
7 A Costly "Covert" Operation	133	(39)
A New Indonesian Cabinet, a New U.S. Ambassador, and Their Difficult Bosses	136	(9)
Outer Island Dissidents and the CIA	145	(4)
U.S. Policy's Public Image	149	(2)
The Collapse of the Sumatran Rebellion	151	(3)
The Bombing of East Indonesia and a Change in U.S. Policy	154	(9)
Picking Up the Pieces	163	(4)
Notes	167	(5)
8 Kennedy, Johnson, and Sukarno's "Continuing Revolution"	172	(30)
Handling West Irian and Sukarno	173	(6)
Confronting Malaysia	179	(6)
Analyzing Sukarno	185	(2)
A Year of Living Dangerously for Anticommunists and Americans	187	(5)
Building Bonds at the Worst of Times	192	(7)
Notes	199	(3)
9 The Brink of Chaos	202	(38)
The PKI in the Cities and the Countryside	202	(2)
The PKI and the Army	204	(3)
A U.S. Reassessment	207	(2)
The Revolution's Crescendo	209	(4)
The September 30 Affair	213	(6)
Turmoil in a Power Vacuum	219	(5)
A Low Profile in an Uncertain Period	224	(5)
Killings in the Countryside	229	(4)
Showdown in Jakarta	233	(3)
Notes	236	(4)
10 Entering a New Order and a New Relationship	240	(23)
Establishing Economic Ties in a Shifting Political Environment	244	(3)
The Final Showdown	247	(3)
Biting the Economic Bullet	250	(5)
Institutionalizing the Low U.S. Profile: Multilateral Aid	255	(5)
Notes	260	(3)
11 Different Routes to Common Goals	263	(40)
Narrowing Differences in Worldviews	263	(9)
An Issue of Law--and Geography--and Security--and Economics	272	(1)
Profit and Problems from Trade and Investment	273	(9)
Human Rights: Communal and Individual	282	(11)
Internal Stability and Democratic Development	293	(5)
Meeting of the Twain	298	(1)
Notes	299	(4)
About the Book and Author	303	(2)
Index	305