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Amine Naït-Ali is Professor at University Paris-Est Créteil in France. His research interests focus on biosignal processing, biometrics, modeling, pattern recognition and multimodal compression. He has edited and co-edited numerous books and co-authored peer-reviewed papers in the bio-engineering field. Currently, he is in charge of a biometric research group and an international Masters program in biometrics.
Régis Fournier is Associate Professor at University Paris-Est Créteil in France. His research interests concern biosignal processing, modeling, stochastic process, multimodal compression and biometrics. He has co-authored national and international peer-reviewed papers in the biomedical engineering field. A member of a biometric research group, he is currently involved in scientific relationships with companies for an international Masters program in biometrics.
Preface xiiiAmine NAÏT-ALI and Régis FOURNIER
Chapter 1. Introduction to Biometrics 1Bernadette DORIZZI
1.1. Background: from anthropometry to biometrics 1
1.2. Biometrics today 2
1.3. Different modes of use of a biometric system and associated uses 3
1.4. Biometrics as a pattern recognition problem 4
1.5. Evaluation of different modalities 8
1.6. Quality 9
1.7. Multimodality 10
1.8. Biometrics and preservation of privacy 11
1.9. Conclusion 12
1.10. Bibliography 12
Chapter 2. Introduction to 2D Face Recognition 15Amine NAÏT-ALI and Dalila CHERIFI
2.1. Introduction 15
2.2. Global face recognition techniques 16
2.3. Local face recognition techniques 25
2.4. Hybrid face recognition techniques 28
2.5. Some guidances 32
2.6. Some databases 35
2.7. Conclusion 35
2.8. Bibliography 36
Chapter 3. Facial Soft Biometrics for Person Recognition 39Antitza DANTCHEVA, Christelle YEMDJI, Petros ELIA and Jean-Luc DUGELAY
3.1. Introduction to soft biometrics 39
3.2. Soft biometric systems for human identification 42
3.3. Overall error probability of a soft biometrics system 48
3.4. Conclusions and future directions 53
3.5. Bibliography 53
Chapter 4. Modeling, Reconstruction and Tracking for Face Recognition 57Catherine HEROLD, Vincent DESPIEGEL, Stéphane GENTRIC, Séverine DUBUISSON and Isabelle BLOCH
4.1. Background 57
4.2. Types of available information 61
4.3. Geometric approaches for the reconstruction 63
4.4. Model-based approaches for reconstruction 67
4.5. Hybrid approaches 76
4.6. Integration of the time aspect 77
4.7. Conclusion 82
4.8. Bibliography 83
Chapter 5. 3D Face Recognition 89Mohsen ARDABILIAN, Przemyslaw SZEPTYCKI, Di HUANG and Liming CHEN
5.1. Introduction 89
5.2. 3D face databases 90
5.3. 3D acquisition 92
5.4. Preprocessing and normalization 94
5.5. 3D face recognition 101
5.6. Asymmetric face recognition 109
5.7. Conclusion 110
5.8. Bibliography 111
Chapter 6. Introduction to Iris Biometrics 117Kamel ALOUI, Amine NAÏT-ALI, Régis FOURNIER and Saber NACEUR
6.1. Introduction 117
6.2. Iris biometric systems 118
6.3. Iris recognition methods: state-of-the-art 119
6.4. Preprocessing of iris images 122
6.5. Features extraction and encoding 125
6.6. Similarity measure between two IrisCodes 126
6.7. Iris biometrics: emerging methods 127
6.8. Conclusion 128
6.9. Bibliography 128
Chapter 7. Voice Biometrics: Speaker Verification and Identification 131Foezur CHOWDHURY, Sid-Ahmed SELOUANI and Douglas O’SHAUGHNESSY
7.1. Introduction 131
7.2. Acoustic analysis for robust speaker recognition 134
7.3. Distributed speaker recognition through UBM–GMM models 138
7.4. Performance evaluation of DSIDV 142
7.5. Conclusion 145
7.6. Bibliography 146
Chapter 8. Introduction to Hand Biometrics 149Régis FOURNIER and Amine NAÏT-ALI
8.1. Introduction 149
8.2. Characterization by minutiae extraction 151
8.3. A few databases 160
8.4. Conclusion 165
8.5. Bibliography 165
Chapter 9. Multibiometrics 167Romain GIOT, Baptiste HEMERY, Estelle CHERRIER and Christophe ROSENBERGER
9.1. Introduction 167
9.2. Different principles of multibiometrics 169
9.3. Fusion levels 171
9.4. Applications and illustrations 189
9.5. Conclusion 191
9.6. Bibliography 192
Chapter 10. Hidden Biometrics 195Amine NAÏT-ALI, Régis FOURNIER, Kamel ALOUI and Noureddine BELGACEM
10.1. Introduction 195
10.2. Biometrics using ECG 196
10.3. Biometrics using EMG: preliminary experiments 198
10.4. Biometrics using medical imaging 200
10.5. Conclusion 205
10.6. Bibliography 205
Chapter 11. Performance Evaluation of Biometric Systems 207Mohamad EL ABED, Romain GIOT, Baptiste HEMERY, Julien MAHIER and Christophe ROSENBERGER
11.1. Introduction 207
11.2. Reminders on biometric systems 208
11.3. Results analysis tools 212
11.4. Illustration of the GREYC-Keystroke system 223
11.5. Conclusion 228
11.6. Bibliography 229
Chapter 12. Classification Techniques for Biometrics 231Amel BOUCHEMHA, Chérif NAIT-HAMOUD, Amine NAÏT-ALI and Régis FOURNIER
12.1. Introduction 231
12.2. Generalization aptitude and performance measures 232
12.3. Parametric approaches 234
12.4. Non-parametric approaches 241
12.5. Conclusion 260
12.6. Bibliography 261
Chapter 13. Data Cryptography 263Islam NAVEED and William PUECH
13.1. Introduction 263
13.2. Cryptography 263
13.3. Conclusion 276
13.4. Bibliography 276
Chapter 14. Visual Data Protection 279Islam NAVEED and William PUECH
14.1. Introduction 279
14.2. Visual data hiding 279
14.3. A proposed homomorphism-based visual secret sharing scheme 284
14.4. Conclusion 294
14.5. Bibliography 294
Chapter 15. Biometrics in Forensics 297Guillaume GALOU and Christophe LAMBERT
15.1. Introduction 297
15.2. Facial comparison 298
15.3. Voice comparison in forensics 301
15.4. Bibliography 311
List of Authors 313
Index 317
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