Simulation with Arena w/ CD-Rom

by Kelton, W. David; Sadowski, Randall P.; Sturrock, David T.

• ISBN13: 9780072919813
• ISBN10: 0072919817
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-07-17
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math

Summary

The first edition of this book was the first text to be written on the Arena software, which is a very popular simulation modeling software. What makes this text the authoritative source on Arena is that it was written by the creators of Arena themselves.The new third edition follows in the tradition of the successful first and second editions in its tutorial style (via a sequence of carefully crafted examples) and an accessible writing style. The updates include thorough coverage of the new version of the Arena software (Arena 7.01), enhanced support for Excel and Access, and updated examples to reflect the new version of software.The CD-ROM that accompanies the book contains the Academic version of the Arena software. The software features new capabilities such as model documentation, enhanced plots, file reading and writing, printing and animation symbols.

Author Biography

W. David Kelton is Professor, Department of Quantitative Analysis and Operations Management, University of Cincinnati.

Table of Contents

What Is Simulation?	1	(16)
Modeling	3	(4)
What's Being Modeled?	4	(1)
How About Just Playing with the System?	5	(1)
Sometimes You Can't (or Shouldn't) Play with the System	5	(1)
Physical Models	6	(1)
Logical (or Mathematical) Models	6	(1)
What Do You Do with a Logical Model?	6	(1)
Computer Simulation	7	(3)
Popularity and Advantages	7	(1)
The Bad News	8	(1)
Different Kinds of Simulations	9	(1)
How Simulations Get Done	10	(4)
By Hand	10	(1)
Programming in General-Purpose Languages	11	(1)
Simulation Languages	12	(1)
High-Level Simulators	12	(1)
Where Arena Fits In	12	(2)
When Simulations Are Used	14	(3)
The Early Years	14	(1)
The Formative Years	14	(1)
The Recent Past	15	(1)
The Present	15	(1)
The Future	15	(2)
Fundamental Simulation Concepts	17	(30)
An Example	19	(3)
The System	19	(2)
Goals of the Study	21	(1)
Analysis Options	22	(2)
Educated Guessing	22	(1)
Queueing Theory	23	(1)
Mechanistic Simulation	24	(1)
Pieces of a Simulation Model	24	(5)
Entities	24	(1)
Attributes	25	(1)
(Global) Variables	26	(1)
Resources	26	(1)
Queues	26	(1)
Statistical Accumulators	27	(1)
Events	27	(1)
Simulation Clock	28	(1)
Starting and Stopping	28	(1)
Event-Driven Hand Simulation	29	(7)
Outline of the Action	29	(1)
Keeping Track of Things	30	(2)
Carrying It Out	32	(4)
Finishing Up	36	(1)
Event- and Process-Oriented Simulation	36	(2)
Randomness in Simulation	38	(4)
Random Input, Random Output	38	(1)
Replicating the Example	39	(1)
Comparing Alternatives	40	(2)
Overview of a Simulation Study	42	(1)
Exercises	43	(4)
A Guided Tour Through Arena	47	(54)
Starting Up	49	(2)
Exploring the Arena Window	51	(6)
Opening a Model	51	(1)
Basic Interaction and Pieces of the Arena Window	51	(3)
Moving Around and Up and Down in the Flowchart View	54	(1)
Modules	55	(1)
Internal Model Documentation	56	(1)
Browsing Through an Existing Model: Model 3-1	57	(18)
The Create Flowchart Module	57	(2)
The Entity Data Module	59	(1)
The Process Flowchart Module	59	(3)
The Resource Data Module	62	(1)
The Queue Data Module	62	(1)
Animating Resources and Queues	63	(1)
The Dispose Flowchart Module	63	(1)
Connecting Flowchart Modules	64	(1)
Dynamic Plots	65	(2)
Dressing Things Up	67	(1)
Setting the Run Conditions	67	(2)
Running It	69	(1)
Viewing the Reports	69	(6)
Building Model 3-1 Yourself	75	(9)
New Model Window and Basic Process Panel	75	(1)
Place and Connect the Flowchart Modules	76	(1)
The Create Flowchart Module	77	(1)
Displays	77	(1)
The Entity Data Module	78	(1)
The Process Flowchart Module	78	(1)
The Resource and Queue Data Modules	79	(1)
Resource Animation	79	(1)
The Dispose Flowchart Module	80	(1)
Dynamic Plots	80	(3)
Window Dressing	83	(1)
The Run > Setup Dialog Boxes	84	(1)
Establishing Named Views	84	(1)
More on Menus, Toolbars, Drawing, and Printing	84	(9)
Menus	84	(4)
Toolbars	88	(3)
Drawing	91	(2)
Printing	93	(1)
Help!	93	(1)
More on Running Models	94	(1)
Summary and Forecast	95	(1)
Exercises	96	(5)
Modeling Basic Operations and Inputs	101	(74)
Model 4-1: An Electronic Assembly and Test System	103	(17)
Developing a Modeling Approach	104	(1)
Building the Model	105	(11)
Running the Model	116	(2)
Viewing the Results	118	(2)
Model 4-2: The Enhanced Electronic Assembly and Test System	120	(15)
Expanding Resource Representation: Schedules and States	122	(1)
Resource Schedules	122	(4)
Resource Failures	126	(2)
Frequencies	128	(3)
Results of Model 4-2	131	(4)
Model 4-3: Enhancing the Animation	135	(9)
Changing Animation Queues	136	(2)
Changing Entity Pictures	138	(2)
Adding Resource Pictures	140	(2)
Adding Variables and Plots	142	(2)
Model 4-4: The Electronic Assembly and Test System with Part Transfers	144	(8)
Some New Arena Concepts: Stations and Transfers	144	(2)
Adding the Route Logic	146	(3)
Altering the Animation	149	(3)
Input Analysis: Specifying Model Parameters and Distributions	152	(16)
Deterministic vs. Random Inputs	153	(1)
Collecting Data	154	(1)
Using Data	155	(1)
Fitting Input Distributions via the Input Analyzer	156	(8)
No Data?	164	(2)
Nonstationary Arrival Processes	166	(1)
Multivariate and Correlated Input Data	167	(1)
Summary and Forecast	168	(1)
Exercises	168	(7)
Modeling Detailed Operations	175	(80)
Model 5-1: An Automotive Maintenance and Repair Shop	178	(1)
New Modeling Issues	179	(5)
Multiple-Way Decisions	179	(1)
Sets	180	(1)
Variables and Expressions	180	(1)
Submodels	181	(1)
Duplicating Entities	182	(1)
Holding Entities	182	(1)
Statistics and Animation	182	(1)
Terminating or Steady-State	183	(1)
Modeling Approach	184	(1)
Building the Model	185	(24)
Defining the Data	186	(6)
Submodel Creation	192	(1)
Generate Appointment Calls	193	(5)
Make Appointment	198	(3)
Service Activity	201	(4)
Update Performance Variables	205	(3)
Control Logic	208	(1)
Finding and Fixing Model Errors	209	(9)
Animating the Automotive Shop Model	218	(5)
Model 5-2: Enhancing the Automotive Shop Model	223	(1)
New Modeling Issues for Model 5-2	223	(3)
Sets and Resource Logic	223	(2)
Nonstationary Arrival Process	225	(1)
Building Model 5-2	226	(7)
Modeling the Service Bays	226	(2)
Modeling the Customer Arrivals	228	(5)
Model 5-3: An (s, S) Inventory Simulation	233	(14)
System Description	233	(2)
Simulation Model	235	(12)
Summary and Forecast	247	(1)
Exercises	247	(8)
Statistical Analysis of Output from Terminating Simulations	255	(28)
Time Frame of Simulations	258	(1)
Strategy for Data Collection and Analysis	258	(2)
Confidence Intervals for Terminating Systems	260	(5)
Comparing Two Alternatives	265	(3)
Evaluating Many Alternatives with the Process Analyzer (PAN)	268	(7)
Searching for an Optimal Alternative with OptQuest	275	(3)
Summary and Forecast	278	(1)
Exercises	279	(4)
Intermediate Modeling and Steady-State Statistical Analysis	283	(36)
Model 7-1: A Small Manufacturing System	285	(19)
New Arena Concepts	286	(2)
The Modeling Approach	288	(1)
The Data Modules	289	(2)
The Logic Modules	291	(7)
Animation	298	(2)
Verification	300	(4)
Statistical Analysis of Output from Steady-State Simulations	304	(9)
Warm-Up and Run Length	304	(4)
Truncated Replications	308	(1)
Batching in a Single Run	309	(3)
What To Do?	312	(1)
Other Methods and Goals for Steady-State Statistical Analysis	313	(1)
Summary and Forecast	313	(1)
Exercises	313	(6)
Entity Transfer	319	(34)
Types of Entity Transfers	321	(2)
Model 8-1: The Small Manufacturing System with Resource-Constrained Transfers	323	(4)
The Small Manufacturing System with Transporters	327	(14)
Model 8-2: The Modified Model 8-1 for Transporters	328	(7)
Model 8-3: Refining the Animation for Transporters	335	(6)
Conveyors	341	(9)
Model 8-4: The Small Manufacturing System with Nonaccumulating Conveyors	344	(5)
Model 8-5: The Small Manufacturing System with Accumulating Conveyors	349	(1)
Summary and Forecast	350	(1)
Exercises	350	(3)
A Sampler of Further Modeling Issues and Techniques	353	(46)
Modeling Conveyors Using the Advanced Transfer Panel	355	(6)
Model 9-1: Finite Buffers at Stations	356	(4)
Model 9-2: Parts Stay on Conveyor During Processing	360	(1)
More on Transporters	361	(2)
Entity Reneging	363	(8)
Entity Balking and Reneging	363	(1)
Model 9-3: A Service Model with Balking and Reneging	363	(8)
Holding and Batching Entities	371	(7)
Modeling Options	371	(1)
Model 9-4: A Batching Process Example	372	(6)
Overlapping Resources	378	(12)
System Description	378	(2)
Model 9-5: A Tightly Coupled Production System	380	(7)
Model 9-6: Adding Part-Status Statistics	387	(3)
A Few Miscellaneous Modeling Issues	390	(2)
Guided Transporters	390	(1)
Parallel Queues	390	(2)
Decision Logic	392	(1)
Exercises	392	(7)
Arena Integration and Customization	399	(58)
Model 10-1: Reading and Writing Data Files	401	(17)
Model 10-2: Reading Entity Arrivals from a Text File	403	(4)
Model 10-3 and Model 10-4: Reading and Writing Access and Excel Files	407	(8)
Advanced Reading and Writing	415	(3)
VBA in Arena	418	(12)
Overview of ActiveX Automation and VBA	418	(2)
Built-in Arena VBA Events	420	(4)
Arena's Object Model	424	(3)
Arena's Macro Recorder	427	(3)
Model 10-5: Presenting Arrival Choices to the User	430	(11)
Modifying the Creation Logic	430	(2)
Designing the VBA UserForm	432	(2)
Displaying the Form and Setting Model Data	434	(7)
Model 10-6: Recording and Charting Model Results in Microsoft Excel	441	(7)
Setting Up Excel at the Beginning of the Run	442	(3)
Storing Individual Call Data Using the VBA Module	445	(2)
Charting the Results and Cleaning Up at the End of the Run	447	(1)
Creating Modules Using the Arena Professional Edition: Template 10-1	448	(7)
The Create from File Module	449	(1)
The Template Source File: Template 10-01.tpl	450	(1)
The Panel Icon and User View	451	(1)
The Module Logic and Operands	451	(3)
Uses of Templates	454	(1)
Summary and Forecast	455	(1)
Exercises	456	(1)
Continuous and Combined Discrete/Continuous Models	457	(38)
Modeling Simple Discrete/Continuous Systems	460	(7)
Model 11-1: A Simple Continuous System	460	(3)
Model 11-2: Interfacing Continuous and Discrete Logic	463	(4)
Model 11-3: A Coal-Loading Operation	467	(14)
System Description	468	(1)
Modeling Approach	469	(2)
Building the Model	471	(10)
Continuous State-Change Systems	481	(9)
Model 11-4: A Soaking-Pit Furnace	481	(1)
Modeling Continuously Changing Rates	482	(1)
Arena's Approach for Solving Differential Equations	483	(1)
Building the Model	484	(4)
Defining the Differential Equations Using VBA	488	(2)
Summary and Forecast	490	(1)
Exercises	491	(4)
Further Statistical Issues	495	(32)
Random-Number Generation	497	(6)
Generating Random Variates	503	(4)
Discrete	503	(2)
Continuous	505	(2)
Nonstationary Poisson Processes	507	(1)
Variance Reduction	508	(9)
Common Random Numbers	509	(6)
Other Methods	515	(2)
Sequential Sampling	517	(7)
Terminating Models	517	(5)
Steady-State Models	522	(2)
Designing and Executing Simulation Experiments	524	(1)
Exercises	524	(3)
Conducting Simulation Studies	527	(20)
A Successful Simulation Study	529	(3)
Problem Formulation	532	(1)
Solution Methodology	533	(1)
System and Simulation Specification	534	(4)
Model Formulation and Construction	538	(2)
Verification and Validation	540	(3)
Experimentation and Analysis	543	(1)
Presenting and Preserving the Results	544	(1)
Disseminating the Model	545	(2)
Appendix A: A Functional Specification for The Washington Post	547	(16)
A.1 Introduction	549	(2)
A.1.1 Document Organization	549	(1)
A.1.2 Simulation Objectives	549	(1)
A.1.3 Purpose of the Functional Specification	550	(1)
A.1.4 Use of the Model	550	(1)
A.1.5 Hardware and Software Requirements	551	(1)
A.2 System Description and Modeling Approach	551	(6)
A.2.1 Model Timeline	551	(1)
A.2.2 Presses	551	(2)
A.2.3 Product Types	553	(1)
A.2.4 Press Packaging Lines	553	(1)
A.2.5 Tray System	553	(1)
A.2.6 Truck Arrivals	554	(1)
A.2.7 Docks	555	(1)
A.2.8 Palletizers	555	(1)
A.2.9 Manual Insertion Process	556	(1)
A.3 Animation	557	(1)
A.4 Summary of Input and Output	557	(3)
A.4.1 Model Input	557	(1)
A.4.2 Model Output	558	(2)
A.5 Project Deliverables	560	(1)
A.5.1 Simulation Model Documentation	560	(1)
A.5.2 User's Manual	560	(1)
A.5.3 Model Validation	560	(1)
A.5.4 Animation	560	(1)
A.6 Acceptance	560	(3)
Appendix B: IIE/RS Contest Problems	563	(34)
B.1 First Annual Contest: The SM Superstore	565	(2)
B.2 Second Annual Contest: The SM Market	567	(3)
B.3 Third Annual Contest: Sally Model's SM Pizza Shop	570	(4)
B.4 Fourth Annual Contest: SM Office Repair	574	(2)
B.5 Fifth Annual Contest: SM Rental	576	(3)
Sixth Annual Contest: SM Theme Parks	579	(4)
Seventh Annual Contest: SM Testing	583	(6)
Eighth Annual Contest: SM Travel	589	(4)
Ninth Annual Contest: SM Electronics	593	(4)
Appendix C: A Refresher on Probability and Statistics	597	(20)
C.1 Probability Basics	599	(2)
C.2 Random Variables	601	(8)
C.2.1 Basics	601	(1)
C.2.2 Discrete	602	(2)
C.2.3 Continuous	604	(2)
C.2.4 Joint Distributions, Covariance, Correlation, and Independence	606	(3)
C.3 Sampling and Sampling Distributions	609	(2)
C.4 Point Estimation	611	(1)
C.5 Confidence Intervals	611	(2)
C.6 Hypothesis Tests	613	(2)
C.7 Exercises	615	(2)
Appendix D: Arena's Probability Distributions	617	(18)
Arena's Probability Distributions	619	(2)
Beta	621	(1)
Continuous	622	(2)
Discrete	624	(1)
Erlang	625	(1)
Exponential	626	(1)
Gamma	627	(1)
Johnson	628	(1)
Lognormal	629	(1)
Normal	630	(1)
Poisson	631	(1)
Triangular	632	(1)
Uniform	633	(1)
Weibull	634	(1)
Appendix E: Academic Software Installation Instructions	635	(4)
E.1 Authorization to Copy Software	637	(1)
E.2 Installing the Arena Software	637	(1)
E.3 System Requirements	638	(1)
References	639	(6)
Index	645