Six Ideas That Shaped Physics: Unit T : Some Processes Are Irreversible

by Moore, Thomas A.

• ISBN13: 9780070430563
• ISBN10: 007043056X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-07-01
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill College

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Temperature	1	(14)
Overview	1	(1)
Introduction to the Unit	2	(1)
Irreversible Processes	2	(3)
The Paradigmatic Thermal Process	5	(1)
Temperature and Equilibrium	6	(1)
Thermometers	7	(3)
Temperature and Thermal Energy	10	(5)
Summary	11	(1)
Glossary	12	(1)
Two-Minute Problems	12	(1)
Homework Problems	13	(1)
Answers to Exercises	14	(1)
Ideal Gases	15	(14)
Overview	15	(1)
The Ideal Gas Law	16	(1)
A Microscopic Model of an Ideal Gas	17	(4)
The Equipartition of Energy	21	(3)
Molecular Speeds and Brownian Motion	24	(1)
Solids and Liquids	25	(4)
Summary	26	(1)
Glossary	27	(1)
Two-Minute Problems	27	(1)
Homework Problems	28	(1)
Answers to Exercises	28	(1)
Gas Processes	29	(14)
Overview	29	(1)
Review of Heat and Work	30	(1)
Work During Expansion or Compression	31	(2)
PV Diagrams and Constrained Processes	33	(1)
Computing the Work	34	(3)
Adiabatic Processes	37	(6)
Summary	39	(1)
Glossary	40	(1)
Two-Minute Problems	40	(1)
Homework Problems	41	(1)
Answers to Exercises	42	(1)
Macrostates and Microstates	43	(12)
Overview	43	(1)
How many Microstates in a Macrostate?	44	(1)
The Einstein Model of a Solid	45	(2)
Counting Microstates	47	(1)
Two Einstein Solids in Thermal Contact	48	(2)
The Fundamental Assumption	50	(5)
Summary	51	(1)
Glossary	52	(1)
Two-Minute Problems	52	(1)
Homework Problems	52	(2)
Answers to Exercises	54	(1)
The Concept of Entropy	55	(16)
Overview	55	(1)
The Concepts of Statistical Mechanics	56	(1)
The StatMech Program	56	(4)
What Happens as Systems Become Large?	60	(4)
The Definition of Entropy	64	(2)
The Average Energy Per Atom	66	(5)
Summary	67	(1)
Math Skills: Logarithms	68	(1)
Glossary	68	(1)
Two-Minute Problems	68	(1)
Homework Problems	69	(1)
Answers to Exercises	70	(1)
The Second Law	71	(14)
Overview	71	(1)
Irreversibility in General	72	(3)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics	75	(1)
Entropy and Disorder	76	(2)
Entropy and Temperature	78	(7)
Summary	80	(2)
Glossary	82	(1)
Two-Minute Problems	82	(1)
Homework Problems	82	(2)
Answers to Exercises	84	(1)
Calculating Entropy Changes	85	(14)
Overview	85	(1)
Entropy and Temperature	86	(1)
Adiabatic Volume Changes	87	(1)
Calculating Entropy Changes	88	(2)
Constant-Temperature Processes	90	(2)
Handling Changing Temperatures	92	(1)
Non-Quasistatic Processes	93	(6)
Summary	95	(1)
Glossary	96	(1)
Two-Minute Problems	96	(1)
Homework Problems	97	(1)
Answers to Exercises	98	(1)
Heat Engines	99	(14)
Overview	99	(1)
Perfect Engines are Impossible	100	(1)
Real Heat Engines	101	(2)
The Efficiency of a Heat Engine	103	(2)
Consequences	105	(1)
Refrigerators	106	(7)
Summary	109	(1)
Glossary	110	(1)
Two-Minute Problems	110	(1)
Homework Problems	110	(2)
Answers to Exercises	112	(1)
Practical Engines and Refrigerators	113	(14)
Overview	113	(1)
The Carnot Cycle	114	(2)
The Stirling Engine	116	(2)
The Automobile Engine	118	(2)
Refrigerators	120	(1)
Thermoelectric Devices	121	(1)
Closing Comments	122	(5)
Summary	124	(1)
Glossary	125	(1)
Two-Minute Problems	125	(1)
Homework Problems	126	(1)
Answers to Exercises	126	(1)
Index	127