Slavery and Emancipation is the most up-to-date and comprehensive collection of primary and secondary readings on the history of slaveholding in the American South. It combines recent historical research with period documents to bring both immediacy and perspective to the origins, principles, realities, and aftermath of African-American slavery. Central topics include the colonial foundations of slavery, the master-slave relationship, the cultural world of the planters, the slave community, and slave resistance and rebellion.Each topical section contains one major article by a prominent historian, and three primary documents. The documents have been drawn from a wide variety of sources, including plantation records, travellers' accounts, slave narratives, autobiographies, statute law, diaries, letters, and investigative reports. This material has been carefully chosen to benefit students and readers of the history of African-American slavery and emancipation.

Rick Halpern is Bissell-Heyd-Associates Chair of American Studies and a Professor of History at the University of Toronto. He is the author of Down on the Killing Floor: Black and White Workers in Chicago’s Packinghouses (1997), and co-editor of Racializing Class, Classifying Race: Labour and Difference in Britain, the USA and Africa (2000), and The American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno: Essays in Comparative History (2002).

Enrico Dal Lago is Lecturer in American History at the National University of Ireland, Galway. He is the co-editor of The American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno: Essays in Comparative History (2002), and author of the forthcoming Southern Elites: American Planters and Southern Italian Noblemen, 1815–1865.

Series Editor's Preface

xi

Acknowledgments

xiii

Introduction

1

(9)

Colonial Origins: Race and Slavery

10

(25)

Introduction

10

(3)

Document A: The First Blacks Arrive in Virginia (1619)

13

(1)

Document B: Slavery Becomes a Legal Fact in Virginia (17th-Century Statutes)

14

(2)

Document C: South Carolina Restricts the Liberty of Slaves (1740)

16

(2)

Article: Two Infant Slave Societies in the Chesapeake and the Lowcountry

18

(17)

Philip D. Morgan

From African to African American: Slave Adaptation to the New World

35

(20)

Introduction

35

(2)

Document A: A Runaway Ad from the Virginia Gazette (1767)

37

(1)

Document B: Olaudah Equiano Describes his Capture (1789)

38

(3)

Document C: Venture Smith Describes His Childhood as a Domestic Slave (1798)

41

(1)

Article: The Plantation Generations of African Americans

42

(13)

Ira Berlin

The Formation of The Master Class

55

(32)

Introduction

55

(2)

Document A: William Byrd II Describes the Patriarchal Ideal (1726)

57

(1)

Document B: Landon Carter Describes the Business of Tobacco Planting(1770)

58

(3)

Document C: Philip Fithian Visits Virginia's Planter Elite (1773-1774)

61

(2)

Article: Masters and Mistresses in Colonial Virginia

63

(24)

Kathleen M. Brown

Slavery and The American Revolution

87

(36)

Introduction

87

(3)

Document A: Lord Dunmore's Proclamation Freeing Slaves in Virginia (1775)

90

(1)

Document B: George Corbin's Manumission of Slaves by Will (1787)

91

(1)

Document C: Thomas Jefferson Expresses his Unease over Slavery (1794)

92

(4)

Article: Slavery and the American Revolution

96

(27)

Peter Kolchin

The Growth of the Cotton Kingdom

123

(23)

Introduction

123

(3)

Document A: Joseph Baldwin on Society in Alabama and Mississippi (1835--1837)

126

(3)

Document B: James Henry Hammond on Agriculture in Virginia (1841)

129

(2)

Document C: Frederick Law Olmsted on the Profitability of Cotton (1861)

131

(2)

Article: Debating the Profitability of Antebellum Southern Agriculture

133

(13)

Mark M. Smith

The World of The Planters

146

(31)

Introduction

146

(3)

Document A: John Lyde Wilson's Rules of the Code of Honor (1838)

149

(2)

Document B: George Fitzhugh on the Benefits of Slavery (1857)

151

(2)

Document C: George Cary Eggleston Remembers the Aristocratic Life in Antebellum Virginia (1875)

153

(2)

Article: The Slaveholders' Dilemma Between Bondage and Progress

155

(22)

Eugene D. Genovese

Life Within The Big House

177

(29)

Introduction

177

(3)

Document A: Adele Petigru Allston is Reminded of the Mistress' Duties by her Aunt (ca. 1830s)

180

(1)

Document B: Rosalie Roos Describes Courtship in Charleston (1854)

181

(1)

Document C: Mary Chesnut Describes the Effects of Patriarchy (1861)

182

(3)

Article: Plantation Mistresses' Attitudes toward Slavery in South Carolina

185

(21)

Marli F. Weiner

Masters and Slaves: Paternalism and Exploitation

206

(27)

Introduction

206

(2)

Document A: James Henry Hammond Battles Slave Illness (1841)

208

(2)

Document B: Rules on the Rice Estate of Plowden C. Weston, South Carolina (1846)

210

(2)

Document C: Charles Manigault Instructs his Overseer about ``My Negroes'' (1848)

212

(2)

Article: Paternalism and Exploitation in the Antebellum Slave Market

214

(19)

Walter Johnson

Life in the Slave Quarters

233

(32)

Introduction

233

(3)

Document A: Frederick Douglass Remembers his Childhood (1845)

236

(2)

Document B: Tempie Herndon Remembers her Wedding (ca. 1850)

238

(2)

Document C: William Cullen Bryant Recollects a Corn-Shucking Ceremony (1850)

240

(2)

Article: Slave Marriage and Family Relations in Antebellum Virginia

242

(23)

Brenda E. Stevenson

Slave Resistance and Slave Rebellion

265

(29)

Introduction

265

(3)

Document A: The Confessions of Nat Turner (1831)

268

(2)

Document B: Frederick Douglass Remembers Resisting Mr. Covey (1845)

270

(2)

Document C: Frederick Law Olmsted on Runaway Slaves in Virginia (1861)

272

(2)

Article: The Impact of Runaway Slaves on the Slave System

274

(20)

John Hope Franklin

Loren Schweninger

The Abolitionist Impulse

294

(22)

Introduction

294

(3)

Document A: William Lloyd Garrison, ``I Will Be Heard'' (1831)

297

(2)

Document B: The American Anti-Slavery Society's Declaration of Sentiments (1833)

299

(3)

Document C: Frederick Douglass Discusses the Fourth of July (1852)

302

(2)

Article: Abolitionists and the Origins of Racial Equality

304

(12)

Paul Goodman

The Politics of Slavery

316

(29)

Introduction

316

(3)

Document A: John C. Calhoun on States' Rights and Nullification (1828)

319

(3)

Document B: Free-Soil Democrat Walt Whitman's View on Slavery and the Mexican War (1847)

322

(2)

Document C: Abraham Lincoln's ``House Divided'' Speech (1858)

324

(2)

Article: Slavery and Territorial Expansion

326

(19)

Don E. Fehrenbacher

Secession and Civil War

345

(32)

Introduction

345

(3)

Document A: South Carolina's Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession (1860)

348

(2)

Document B: Mary Chesnut Recalls the Beginning of the Civil War (1861)

350

(2)

Document C: Sarah Morgan Defends Slavery against Lincoln's Plan for Emancipation (1862)

352

(2)

Article: Confederate Women in the Crisis of the Slaveholding South

354

(23)

Drew Gilpin Faust

Emancipation and the Destruction of Slavery

377

(24)

Introduction

377

(3)

Document A: Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

380

(2)

Document B: Frederick Douglass, ``Men of Color, To Arms'' (1863)

382

(3)

Document C: Statement of a ``Colored Man'' (September 1863)

385

(2)

Article: The Destruction of Slavery in the Confederate Territories

387

(14)

Ira Berlin

Index

401

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