Sleep Deprivation: Basic Science, Physiology and Behavior

by Kushida; Clete A.

• ISBN13: 9780824759490
• ISBN10: 0824759494
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-30
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Analyzing ground-breaking research, this reference highlights the impact of sleep deprivation on the well-being of the individual and society-presenting current theories on the function of sleep, the effects of sleep deprivation on patients with medical and psychiatric conditions, as well as providing interpretative and methodological results in comparative studies of sleep deprivation.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Claude Lenfant	iii
Preface	v
Contributors	vii
1. Perspectives	1	(30)
Wynne Chen and Clete A. Kushida
I. Introduction	1	(2)
II. Methods and Limitations of Sleep Deprivation	3	(5)
III. Lessons Learned from the Regulation of Sleep	8	(3)
IV. Early Theories on the Function of Sleep	11	(6)
V. More Current Theories on the Function of Sleep	17	(5)
VI. A Look to the Future	22	(1)
References	23	(8)
2. History of Sleep Deprivation	31	(16)
William C. Dement, Clete A. Kushida, and Judy Chang
I. Introduction	31	(1)
II. Early Studies of Sleep Deprivation	32	(5)
III. Psychiatric Consequences of Selective REM Sleep Deprivation	37	(2)
IV. Sleep Loss and Daytime Sleepiness	39	(1)
V. The Function(s) of Sleep	39	(4)
VI. Confounds of Experimental Methodology	43	(1)
VII. Conclusions	43	(1)
References	44	(3)
3. Animal Models of Sleep Deprivation	47	(16)
Joan C. Hendricks
I. Introduction	47	(1)
II Historical Overview: What Models Have Been Used to Study Sleep Deprivation?	48	(1)
III. Influences on the Use of Higher Vertebrates for Sleep Research	49	(1)
IV. Cost-Benefit Analysis: Choosing a Model	50	(2)
V. Use of Mammalian Models	52	(2)
VI. Newer "Simple" Models	54	(2)
VII. Even Simpler Models?	56	(1)
VIII. Interpretive and Methodological Issues Raised in Comparative Studies of Sleep Deprivation	56	(2)
IX. Concluding Thoughts	58	(1)
References	58	(5)
SLEEP DEPRIVATION/FRAGMENTATION PARADIGMS
4. Total Sleep Deprivation	63	(18)
Chiara Cirelli and Giulio Tononi
I. Introduction	63	(1)
II. TSD Methods: Advantages and Disadvantages	63	(6)
III. Effects of Total Sleep Deprivation	69	(1)
IV. Yoked Control	70	(1)
V. Sleep Deprivation and Stress	71	(2)
VI. Sleep Deprivation and the Noradrenergic System	73	(1)
VII. NREM vs. REM Rebound After Sleep Deprivation	74	(1)
VIII. Conclusions	75	(1)
References	76	(5)
5. Partial and Sleep-State Selective Deprivation	81	(22)
Carol A. Landis
I. Introduction	81	(1)
II. Definitions of Partial Sleep and Sleep-State Selective Deprivation	81	(1)
III. Experimental Studies in Humans	82	(3)
IV. Experimental Studies in Animals	85	(7)
V. Perspectives and Limitations for Interpretation of Findings	92	(3)
VI. Conclusions	95	(1)
References	96	(7)
6. Sleep Fragmentation	103	(18)
Michael H. Bonnet
I. Introduction	103	(2)
II. Relationship Between Various Schedules of Sleep Fragmentation and Daytime Alertness	105	(2)
III. Experimental Control for Sleep Fragmentation Parameters	107	(2)
IV. Sleep Fragmentation and Other Physiological and Behavioral Measures	109	(2)
V. Sleep Fragmentation Compared with Sleep Deprivation	111	(1)
VI. Different Types of Arousal	112	(3)
VII. Clinical Effects of Sleep Fragmentation: Sleep Apnea and Periodic Limb Movements	115	(1)
VIII. Future Research	116	(1)
References	117	(4)
EXTRINSIC FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP LOSS/DEPRIVATION
7. Environmental Influences on Sleep and Sleep Deprivation	121	(36)
Kenneth P. Wright, Jr.
I. Introduction	121	(1)
II. Assessment of Human Sleep and Performance	122	(1)
III. Sensory Neurophysiology and Behavioral Responsiveness During Sleep	122	(5)
IV. Environmental Factors that Influence Sleep	127	(6)
V. Sleep in Altered Environments	133	(8)
VI. Effects of Environmental Factors on Performance During Sleep Deprivation	141	(1)
VII. Conclusions and Future Directions	142	(3)
References	145	(12)
8. Shift Work	157	(10)
June J. Pilcher
I. Introduction	157	(2)
II. Normal Day Shifts	159	(1)
III. Permanent Shifts	159	(2)
IV. Rotating Shifts	161	(2)
V. Shift Length	163	(1)
VI. Conclusions	164	(1)
References	164	(3)
9. Medications, Drugs of Abuse, and Alcohol	167	(24)
Jonathan A.E. Fleming and Clete A. Kushida
I. Introduction	167	(1)
II. Medications and Other Substances with a Primary Central Effect	168	(10)
III. Medications and Other Substances with a Secondary Central Effect	178	(3)
IV. Conclusions	181	(1)
References	181	(10)
10. Factors Affecting Test Performance	191	(8)
Tracy F. Kuo and Clete A. Kushida
I. Introduction	191	(1)
II. Subject Factors	191	(3)
III. Testing Environment	194	(3)
IV. Summary and Conclusions	197	(1)
References	198	(1)
INTRINSIC FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP LOSS/DEPRIVATION: COGNITIVE, PHYSIOLOGIC, AND MOLECULAR ASSOCIATIONS
11. Attention and Memory Changes	199	(24)
Geneviève Forest and Roger Godbout
I. Introduction	199	(1)
II. Brief Review of Sleep Organization	200	(1)
III. Brief Review of Physiological Functions of Sleep	201	(1)
IV. Cognitive Functions	202	(11)
V. Conclusions	213	(1)
References	214	(9)
12. Cortical and Electroencephalographic Changes	223	(42)
Luca A. Finelli
I. Introduction	223	(1)
II. Basic Electrophysiology of the Waking State	224	(4)
III. Changes in Alertness and Performance with the Progression of Time Awake	228	(4)
IV. Electrophysiological Changes with the Progression of Time Awake	232	(7)
V. Electroencephalographic Markers of Sleep Propensity for Wakefulness and Sleep	239	(7)
VI. Neural Correlates of Alertness and Cognitive Performance During Prolonged Wakefulness: PET Studies	246	(2)
VII. Neural Correlates of Alertness and Cognitive Performance During Prolonged Wakefulness: fMRI Studies	248	(3)
VIII. Concluding Remarks and Perspectives	251	(4)
References	255	(10)
13. Physiological and Neurophysiological Changes	265	(28)
Mahesh M. Thakkar and Robert W. McCarley
I. Introduction	265	(1)
II. Physiological Effects of Sleep Deprivation	266	(3)
III. Neurophysiological or Psychological Effects of Sleep Deprivation	269	(1)
IV. Total Sleep Deprivation	270	(8)
V. REM Sleep Deprivation	278	(3)
VI. Selective NREM Sleep Deprivation	281	(1)
VII. Conclusions	282	(1)
References	282	(11)
14. Metabolic and Endocrine Changes	293	(26)
Karine Spiegel, Rachel Leproult, and Eve Van Cauter
I. Introduction	293	(1)
II. Influences of Sleep-Wake Cycle and Circadian Rhythmicity on Endocrine and Metabolic Functions	294	(4)
III. Sleep Following Acute Sleep Deprivation and During Chronic Partial Sleep Restriction	298	(3)
IV. Impact of Acute and Chronic Partial Sleep Deprivation on Hypothalamo-Pituitary Hormones	301	(5)
V. Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Leptin and Ghrelin Levels and Appetite Regulation	306	(2)
VI. Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Glucose Metabolism	308	(2)
VII. Possible Mechanisms Mediating Adverse Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Endocrine and Metabolic Functions	310	(2)
References	312	(7)
15. Thermoregulatory Changes	319	(20)
Paul J. Shaw
I. Introduction	319	(1)
II. Body Temperature Regulation	320	(5)
III. Sleep Deprivation	325	(8)
IV. Conclusions	333	(1)
References	334	(5)
16. Biochemical Changes	339	(20)
Birendra N. Mallick, Vibha Madan, and Mohammad Faisal
I. Introduction	339	(1)
II. Sleep Deprivation and Biochemical Changes	340	(7)
III. Sleep Deprivation-Induced Changes in Biomolecules and Physiological Functions	347	(2)
IV. Could There Be a Biomolecular Marker to Identify Sleep Loss'?	349	(1)
V. Summary and Conclusions	350	(1)
References	350	(9)
17. Immunologic Changes	359	(28)
Sarosha J. Motivala and Michael Irwin
I. Introduction	359	(3)
II. Sleep and Immunity	362	(7)
III. Sleep Deprivation and Immunity	369	(9)
IV. Sleep Loss and Immunity: Clinical Samples	378	(3)
V. Conclusions	381	(1)
References	381	(6)
18. Changes in Gene Expression	387	(12)
Chiara Cirelli
I. Introduction	387	(1)
II. Global Brain Changes of RNA and Protein Content Related to Sleep and Sleep Deprivation	387	(1)
III. Gene Expression in Sleep and Wakefulness	388	(4)
IV. Gene Expression and Neuromodulatory Systems	392	(1)
V. Genes Induced by Long Periods of Sleep Deprivation	393	(1)
VI. Long-Term Sleep Deprivation. Brain Cell Death, and Oxidative Stress	393	(1)
VII. Conclusions	394	(1)
References	395	(4)
19. Criteria for Classifying Genes as Sleep or Wake Genes	399	(16)
Priyattam J. Shiromani, Dmitry Gerashchenko, Carlo Blanco-Centurion, Eric Murilio-Rodriguez, and Frank Desarnaud
I. Introduction	399	(2)
II. Using Gene Expression to Delineate Sleep-Wake Circuitry	401	(5)
III. Sleep and Genetics in Drosophila	406	(1)
IV. Criteria for Classifying Genes as "Sleep Genes"	407	(2)
V. Conclusions	409	(1)
References	410	(5)
INTRINSIC FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP LOSS/DEPRIVATION: PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATIONS
20. Mood Changes	415	(6)
Camellia P. Clark
I. Continuous Sleep Deprivation	415	(1)
II. Effects of Sleep Disruption and Deficiency	416	(1)
III. Personality Factors Affecting Response to Sleep Deprivation	417	(1)
IV. Sleep Deprivation in Children and Adolescents	417	(1)
V. Interaction Between Emotional Response to Sleep Deprivation and Performance	417	(1)
VI. Mechanisms of Mood Response to Sleep Deprivation: Potential Clues from Animal and Pharmacology Studies	418	(1)
VII. Areas for Future Study	419	(1)
References	419	(2)
21. Antidepressant Effects	421	(10)
Joseph C. Wu, Monte Buchsbaum, William Bunney, and J. Christian Gillin
I. Introduction	421	(1)
II. Metabolic Activity in Specific Brain Regions in Depressed Sleep Deprivation Responders	422	(1)
III. Role of Neurotransmitter Systems in the Antidepressant Effects of Sleep Deprivation	423	(4)
IV. Conclusions	427	(1)
References	428	(3)
22. Personality/Psychopathologic Changes	431	(10)
Camellia P. Clark, J. Christian Gillin, and Barbara L. Parry
I. Personality	431	(1)
II. Psychopathologic Changes	432	(5)
References	437	(4)
OTHER INTRINSIC FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP LOSS/DEPRIVATION
23. Age and Individual Determinants of Sleep Loss Effects	441	(40)
Hélène Gaudreau, Julie Carrier, and Bwanga-Mukishi Tchiteya
I. Introduction	441	(1)
II. Ontogeny of Sleep Modifications	442	(2)
III. Age-Dependent Changes in Sleep Regulatory Mechanisms	444	(6)
IV. Individual Differences in Sleep and Wakefulness	450	(16)
V. Conclusions	466	(1)
References	467	(14)
24. Homeostatic and Circadian Influences	481	(26)
Joel H. Benington
I. Introduction	481	(1)
II. Evidence for Sleep Homeostasis	482	(2)
III. Modeling Sleep Homeostasis	484	(5)
IV. Implications of Sleep Homeostatic Models	489	(3)
V. Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Sleep Structure	492	(3)
VI. Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Deprivation	495	(5)
VII. Conclusions	500	(1)
References	501	(6)
Index	507