Sleep Deprivation: Clinical Issues, Pharmacology, and Sleep Loss Effects

by Kushida; Clete A.

• ISBN13: 9780824720940
• ISBN10: 0824720946
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-16
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Stanford Univ. California. Explores the wide array of structures, substances, and environments that are primary factors in the initiation or inhibition of sleep. Considers the consequences of sleep loss and discusses pharmacological treatment regimens for sleep disturbance as well as behavioral coping strategies.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Claude Lenfant	iii
Preface	v
Contributors	vii
EVALUATION OF SLEEP LOSS
1. Questionnaires and Rating Scales	1	(10)
Selim R. Benbadis
I. Introduction	1	(1)
II. General Features of Questionnaires and Rating Scales	2	(1)
III. Available Questionnaires and Rating Scales	2	(3)
IV. The Relationship Between Subjective (Questionnaires) and Objective Measures of EDS	5	(1)
V. Sleepiness and Its Borderland	6	(1)
References	7	(4)
2. Multiple Sleep Latency Test	11	(14)
Lamia Afifi, Clete A. Kushida, and Mary A. Carskadon
I. Introduction	11	(3)
II. Procedure of the MSLT	14	(1)
III. MSLT Results	15	(1)
IV. Applications of the MSLT	16	(5)
V. Summary and Conclusions	21	(1)
References	21	(4)
3. Maintenance of Wakefulness Test	25	(14)
Merrill M. Mitler
I. Measurement of the Symptom of Sleepiness	25	(5)
II. MWT Protocols	30	(3)
III. Interpretation of MWT Results	33	(4)
References	37	(2)
4. Psychomotor Vigilance Performance: Neurocognitive Assay Sensitive to Sleep Loss	39	(32)
Jillian Dorrian, Naomi L. Rogers, and David F. Dinges
I. Overview	39	(1)
II. Sleep Deprivation and Neurocognitive Performance	40	(1)
III. Criteria for a Neurocognitive Assay Sensitive to Sleep Deprivation	41	(2)
IV. Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) as a Neurocognitive Assay for Sleep Loss	43	(3)
V. Theories of How Sleep Loss Affects Cognitive Functions	46	(3)
VI. Beyond the Lapse Hypothesis	49	(4)
VII. Sensitivity of PVT Performance to Neurobiological Causes of Elevated Sleep Drive	53	(4)
VIII. PVT Sensitivity to Other Factors Relevant to Sleepiness and Sedation	57	(5)
IX. Summary and Conclusions	62	(1)
References	63	(8)
SLEEP LOSS IN DISEASE STATES
5. Major Sleep Disorders	71	(10)
Christian Cuilleminault and Dawn Daniel
I. Introduction	71	(1)
II. Arousals, Awakenings, and Autonomic Nervous System Activation	71	(2)
III. Major Sleep Disorders, Arousals, and Consequent Sleep Deprivation	73	(5)
IV. Conclusions	78	(1)
References	78	(3)
6. Medical Conditions and Diseases	81	(40)
Naomi L. Rogers and Jacqueline D. Kloss
I. Overview	81	(1)
II. Impact of Sleep Deprivation Associated with Medical Conditions and/or Diseases	82	(1)
III. Sleep Disturbance in a Selection of Medical Disorders	83	(23)
IV. Summary and Conclusions	106	(2)
References	108	(13)
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
7. Neonates	121	(30)
Pingfu Feng
I Behavior and Biology of Sleep-Wake States in the Postnatal Period	121	(4)
II Neonatal REM Sleep Deprivation: Methodological Considerations	125	(4)
III. Short-Term Effects of Neonatal REM Sleep Deprivation	129	(2)
IV. Adult Consequences of Neonatal REM Sleep Deprivation	131	(5)
V. New Understandings of Neonatal Sleep-Wake States	136	(5)
VI. Summary and Conclusions	141	(1)
References	142	(9)
8. Inadequate Sleep in Children and Adolescents	151	(26)
Christine Acebo and Amy R. Wolfson
I. Introduction	151	(6)
II. Social/Environmental Constraints: Sleep as a Dependent Variable	157	(2)
III. Mental Health Difficulties with Sleep Problems as Outcomes	159	(2)
IV. Sleep Disorders with Sleep Disruption and Disrupted Sleep	161	(1)
V. Sleep Duration and Schedules: Sleep as an Independent Variable	162	(4)
VI. Experimental Studies of Sleep Restriction/Disruption and Circadian Timing	166	(1)
VII. Summary, Conclusions, and Future Directions	167	(1)
References	168	(9)
9. Pregnancy and Postpartum	177
Erika Gaylor and Rachel Manber
I. Introduction	177	(1)
II. Changes in Sleep Associated with Pregnancy	178	(2)
III. Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy	180	(4)
IV. Consequences of Sleep Deprivation	184	(1)
V. Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy and Postpartum	185	(1)
VI. Postpartum Sleep Deprivation	186	(2)
VII. Conclusions and Future Directions	188	(1)
References	189	(6)
CONSEQUENCES OF SLEEP LOSS
10. Epidemiological Health Impact	195	(16)
Daniel F. Kripke, Matthew R. Marler, and Eugenia E. Calle
I. Sleep Duration and Mortality Risk	195	(5)
II. Long Sleep and Morbidity	200	(1)
III. Short Sleep: Mortality and Morbidity	201	(1)
IV. Insomnia	202	(1)
V. Shift Work	203	(2)
VI. Sleeping Pill Effects	205	(1)
VII. Summary and Conclusions	205	(1)
References	206	(5)
11. Societal and Economic Impact of Sleep Loss and Sleepiness	211	(18)
Kin Yuen, Ritu Davé, and Markku Partinen
I. Introduction	211	(1)
II. Estimate of Total Cost of Accidents Related to Sleepiness	212	(3)
III. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome	215	(5)
IV. Insomnia	220	(1)
V. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)	221	(1)
VI. Periodic Limb Movement Disorder	222	(1)
VII. Narcolepsy	222	(2)
VIII. Conclusions	224	(1)
References	224	(5)
12. General Occupational Implications of Round-the-Clock Operations	229	(22)
Mark R. Roseland, David J.C. Flower; Kevin B. Gregory, and W. Edward Jung
I. Society's Evolution to Round-the-Clock Operations	229	(1)
II. Sleep and Circadian Disruption Associated with RTC Ops	230	(5)
III. The Costs: Sleep Loss, Sleepiness, and Safety	235	(5)
IV. The Solutions	240	(5)
V. Opportunity for Change	245	(1)
References	245	(6)
13. Impact on Self-reported Sleepiness, Performance, Effort, and Motivation	251	(10)
June J. Pilcher and Heather N. Odle-Dusseau
I. Introduction	251	(1)
II. Subjective Sleepiness	252	(1)
III. Self-monitoring Performance	253	(2)
IV. Subjective Effort	255	(1)
V. Subjective Motivation	256	(1)
VI. Conclusions	257	(1)
References	257	(4)
14. Driving Performance	261	(12)
Pierre Philip and Jacques Taillard
I. Introduction	261	(1)
II. Epidemiology of Sleepiness Among the General Population and the Impact on Traffic Accidents	262	(1)
III. How to Measure Driving Skills and the Impact of Sleepiness on Driving	263	(1)
IV. Sleep-Wake Schedules, Driving Management, and Traffic Accidents	264	(2)
V. Sleep Disorders and Traffic Accidents	266	(2)
VI. Central Nervous System Drugs, Sedation, and Driving	268	(1)
VII. The Impact of Treatment of Sleep Disorders on Accident Risk	269	(1)
VIII. Conclusions	270	(1)
References	270	(3)
15. Commercial and Public Transportation Impact	273	(16)
Riccardo Stoohs
I. Introduction	273	(1)
II. Factors Responsible for Accidents Attributed to Sleep Loss	274	(1)
III. The Impact of Sleep Loss in Commercial and Public Transportation	274	(5)
IV. Current Hours-of-Service Regulations	279	(3)
V. Conclusions	282	(3)
References	285	(4)
16. Military Operational Effectiveness	289	(24)
Gregory Belenky, Thomas J. Balkin, and Nancy J. Wesensten
I. Introduction	289	(2)
II. Sleep in Military Operations	291	(5)
III. Components of a Deployable Sleep Management System	296	(11)
IV. Guidance and Doctrine for Sleep Management System Implementation	307	(1)
V. The Sleep Management System in Action: A Projection to the Year 2012	308	(1)
VI. Summary	309	(1)
References	310	(3)
17. Athletic Performance	313	(22)
Roger S. Smith and Thomas P. Reilly
I. Introduction	313	(1)
II. Sleep Deprivation and Athletic Performance	314	(7)
III. Sleep Deprivation and Athletic Training	321	(4)
IV. Sleep Deprivation and Athletic Injuries	325	(1)
V. Discussion	326	(2)
VI. Conclusions	328	(1)
References	328	(7)
18. Medical Resident/Physician Performance	335	(28)
Judith A. Omens
I. Introduction	335	(1)
II. Historical Context	336	(2)
III. Overview of the Literature: Impact of Sleep Loss and Fatigue in Medical Training	338	(14)
IV. Future Directions	352	(4)
References	356	(7)
19. Legal Implications	363	(24)
Daniel W. Shuman, Alexander McCall Smith, and Craig J. Pritzlaff
I. Introduction	363	(3)
II. Sleep Deprivation and Criminal Liability	366	(7)
III. Sleep Deprivation and Civil Liability	373	(11)
IV. General Conclusions	384	(1)
References	385	(2)
SHORT-TERM COUNTERMEASURES FOR SLEEP LOSS EFFECTS
20. Stimulants	387	(60)
John A. Caldwell and J. Lynn Caldwell
I. Introduction	387	(1)
II. Nonpharmacological Fatigue Countermeasures	388	(2)
III. Pharmacological Sleep Deprivation Countermeasures	390	(41)
IV. Conclusions	431	(2)
References	433	(14)
21. Behavioral and Environmental Countermeasures	447	(10)
Timothy Roehrs and Thomas Roth
I. Introduction	447	(1)
II. Countermeasures: A Conceptual Analysis	448	(2)
III. Countermeasures: The Evidence	450	(3)
IV. Remaining Questions and Research Needs	453	(1)
V. Conclusions	454	(1)
References	454	(3)
22. Naps	457	(18)
Amber (Tietzel) Brooks and Leon Lack
I. Introduction	457	(1)
II. Factors Affecting the Recuperative Value of Naps	458	(12)
III. Conclusions	470	(1)
References	471	(4)
CRITICAL THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES
23. Sleep Restriction as Therapy for Insomnia	475	(10)
Charles M. Morin, Mélanie LeBlanc, and Meagan Daley
I. Introduction	475	(1)
II. Sleep Restriction Therapy: Background and Rationale	476	(1)
III. Treatment Implementation	477	(1)
IV. Empirical Support	478	(2)
V. Clinical and Practical Issues	480	(1)
VI. Conclusions	481	(1)
References	482	(3)
24. Recovery from Sleep Deprivation	485	(18)
Thomas S. Kilduff Clete A. Kushida, and Akira Terao
I. Introduction	485	(1)
II. Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep	485	(4)
III. Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep	489	(2)
IV. Genetic Regulation of Sleep Homeostasis	491	(3)
V. Gene Expression During Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep: Candidate Gene Studies	494	(1)
VI. Gene Expression During Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep: "Unbiased" Approaches	495	(3)
VII. Summary	498	(1)
References	498	(5)
25. Sleep Length	503	(12)
Michael H. Bonnet
I. Introduction	503	(1)
II. Long and Short Sleepers	504	(4)
III. Studies of Extreme Short Sleepers	508	(1)
IV. Summary	508	(1)
V. Limitations of Previous Research	509	(1)
VI. Future Research	509	(2)
References	511	(4)
26. The Role of Endogenous Sleep-promoting Substances	515	(24)
Ferenc Obal, Jr., Rubio Garcia-Garcia, and James M. Krueger
I. Introduction: The Discovery of Sleep-Regulating Substances	515	(1)
II. Molecules Involved in Sleep Regulation	516	(9)
III. The Role of Sleep-promoting Substances in Sleep Regulation	525	(2)
IV. Conclusions	527	(1)
References	528	(11)
27. The Role of Pharmacological Interventions for Sleep Deprivation	539	(16)
James K. Walsh and Thomas Roth
I. Introduction	539	(1)
II. The Health and Safety Risks of Sleep Deprivation	540	(1)
III. Pharmacological Prevention of Sleep Deprivation	541	(2)
IV. Pharmacological Promotion of Alertness	543	(4)
V. Wake-Promoting Substances	547	(1)
VI. Tinkering with Mother Nature: Where Should Society Draw the Line?	548	(1)
VII. Conclusions	549	(1)
References	550	(5)
28. Eliminating Cumulative Sleep Debt and Sleep Satiation	555	(12)
Matthias K. Lee and William C. Dement
I. Introduction	555	(1)
II. The Concept and Definition of Sleepiness	556	(1)
III. Primary Factors Affecting Sleep and Wakefulness	556	(3)
IV. The Concepts and Definitions of Sleep Need, Sleep Debt, and Extra Sleep	559	(3)
V. Potential Benefits of Sleep Debt Reduction and the Way We Feel	562	(3)
VI. Summary and Conclusions	565	(1)
References	565	(2)
29. A Concluding Note on Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Mechanisms	567	(6)
Allan Rechtschuffen
References	572	(1)
Index	573