Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications With MATLAB

by Gross, Frank

• ISBN13: 9780071447898
• ISBN10: 007144789X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-09-14
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional

Summary

Smart antennas boost the power of a wireless network, saving energy and money and greatly increasing the range of wireless broadband.Smart Antennasis a rigorous textbook on smart antenna design and deployment.

Author Biography

Frank Gross, Ph.D. (Tallahassee, FL) is Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Florida State University. He previously served as Lead Engineer for the Mitre Corp. and a Senior Research Engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. He holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Ohio State University, has authored over 50 professional papers in electro-magnetics, and contributed to Wiley’s Encyclopedia of Electrical Engineering.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Chapter 1. Introduction	1	(8)
1.1 What is a Smart Antenna?	1	(1)
1.2 Why are Smart Antennas Emerging Now?	2	(1)
1.3 What are the Benefits of Smart Antennas?	3	(2)
1.4 Smart Antennas Involve Many Disciplines	5	(1)
1.5 Overview of the Book	6	(1)
References	7	(2)
Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Fields	9	(28)
2.1 Maxwell's Equations	9	(2)
2.2 The Helmholtz Wave Equation	11	(1)
2.3 Propagation in Rectangular Coordinates	12	(2)
2.4 Propagation in Spherical Coordinates	14	(1)
2.5 Electric Field Boundary Conditions	15	(4)
2.6 Magnetic Field Boundary Conditions	19	(2)
2.7 Planewave Reflection and Transmission Coefficients	21	(6)
2.7.1 Normal incidence	21	(3)
2.7.2 Oblique incidence	24	(3)
2.8 Propagation Over Flat Earth	27	(4)
2.9 Knife-Edge Diffraction	31	(2)
References	33	(1)
Problems	33	(4)
Chapter 3. Antenna Fundamentals	37	(28)
3.1 Antenna Field Regions	37	(2)
3.2 Power Density	39	(3)
3.3 Radiation Intensity	42	(2)
3.4 Basic Antenna Nomenclature	44	(6)
3.4.1 Antenna pattern	44	(2)
3.4.2 Antenna boresight	46	(1)
3.4.3 Principal plane patterns	46	(1)
3.4.4 Beamwidth	47	(1)
3.4.5 Directivity	48	(1)
3.4.6 Beam solid angle	49	(1)
3.4.7 Gain	49	(1)
3.4.8 Effective aperture	49	(1)
3.5 Friis Transmission Formula	50	(1)
3.6 Magnetic Vector Potential and the Far Field	51	(2)
3.7 Linear Antennas	53	(5)
3.7.1 Infinitesimal dipole	53	(2)
3.7.2 Finite length dipole	55	(3)
3.8 Loop Antennas	58	(3)
3.8.1 Loop of constant phasor current	58	(3)
References	61	(1)
Problems	61	(4)
Chapter 4. Array Fundamentals	65	(40)
4.1 Linear Arrays	65	(14)
4.1.1 Two element array	66	(2)
4.1.2 Uniform N-element linear array	68	(8)
4.1.3 Uniform N-element linear array directivity	76	(3)
4.2 Array Weighting	79	(10)
4.2.1 Beamsteered and weighted arrays	88	(1)
4.3 Circular Arrays	89	(2)
4.3.1 Beamsteered circular arrays	90	(1)
4.4 Rectangular Planar Arrays	91	(2)
4.5 Fixed Beam Arrays	93	(2)
4.5.1 Butler matrices	94	(1)
4.6 Fixed Sidelobe Canceling	95	(3)
4.7 Retrodirective Arrays	98	(3)
4.7.1 Passive retrodirective array	99	(1)
4.7.2 Active retrodirective array	100	(1)
References	101	(1)
Problems	102	(3)
Chapter 5. Principles of Random Variables and Processes	105	(18)
5.1 Definition of Random Variables	105	(1)
5.2 Probability Density Functions	106	(2)
5.3 Expectation and Moments	108	(1)
5.4 Common Probability Density Functions	109	(6)
5.4.1 Gaussian density	110	(1)
5.4.2 Rayleigh density	111	(1)
5.4.3 Uniform density	111	(2)
5.4.4 Exponential density	113	(1)
5.4.5 Rician density	114	(1)
5.4.6 Laplace density	115	(1)
5.5 Stationarity and Ergodicity	115	(2)
5.6 Autocorrelation and Power Spectral Density	117	(2)
5.7 Correlation Matrix	119	(1)
References	120	(1)
Problems	120	(3)
Chapter 6. Propagation Channel Characteristics	123	(46)
6.1 Flat Earth Model	124	(3)
6.2 Multipath Propagation Mechanisms	127	(2)
6.3 Propagation Channel Basics	129	(26)
6.3.1 Fading	129	(1)
6.3.2 Fast fading modeling	130	(11)
6.3.3 Channel impulse response	141	(1)
6.3.4 Power delay profile	142	(2)
6.3.5 Prediction of power delay profiles	144	(1)
6.3.6 Power angular profile	145	(3)
6.3.7 Prediction of angular spread	148	(3)
6.3.8 Power delay-angular profile	151	(1)
6.3.9 Channel dispersion	151	(2)
6.3.10 Slow fading modeling	153	(2)
6.4 Improving Signal Quality	155	(8)
6.4.1 Equalization	156	(2)
6.4.2 Diversity	158	(1)
6.4.3 Channel coding	159	(1)
6.4.4 MIMO	160	(3)
References	163	(2)
Problems	165	(4)
Chapter 7. Angle-of-Arrival Estimation	169	(38)
7.1 Fundamentals of Matrix Algebra	169	(6)
7.1.1 Vector basics	170	(1)
7.1.2 Matrix basics	171	(4)
7.2 Array Correlation Matrix	175	(3)
7.3 AOA Estimation Methods	178	(23)
7.3.1 Bartlett AOA estimate	178	(1)
7.3.2 Capon AOA estimate	179	(2)
7.3.3 Linear prediction AOA estimate	181	(1)
7.3.4 Maximum entropy AOA estimate	182	(1)
7.3.5 Pisarenko harmonic decomposition AOA estimate	183	(2)
7.3.6 Min-norm AOA estimate	185	(2)
7.3.7 MUSIC AOA estimate	187	(4)
7.3.8 Root-MUSIC AOA estimate	191	(6)
7.3.9 ESPRIT AOA estimate	197	(4)
References	201	(1)
Problems	202	(5)
Chapter 8. Smart Antennas	207	(60)
8.1 Introduction	207	(2)
8.2 The Historical Development of Smart Antennas	209	(2)
8.3 Fixed Weight Beamforming Basics	211	(16)
8.3.1 Maximum signal-to-interference ratio	211	(7)
8.3.2 Minimum mean-square error	218	(3)
8.3.3 Maximum likelihood	221	(2)
8.3.4 Minimum variance	223	(4)
8.4 Adaptive Beamforming	227	(33)
8.4.1 Least mean squares	227	(3)
8.4.2 Sample matrix inversion	230	(4)
8.4.3 Recursive least squares	234	(4)
8.4.4 Constant modulus	238	(2)
8.4.5 Least squares constant modulus	240	(6)
8.4.6 Conjugate gradient method	246	(4)
8.4.7 Spreading sequence array weights	250	(2)
8.4.8 Description of the new SDMA receiver	252	(8)
References	260	(2)
Problems	262	(5)
Index	267