The Social Construction of Difference and Inequality

by Ore, Tracy E.

• ISBN13: 9780767411677
• ISBN10: 0767411676
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-03-01
• Publisher: Mayfield Pub Co

Summary

This anthology examines the social construction of race, class, gender, and sexuality and the institutional bases for these relations. While other texts discuss various forms of stratification and the impact of these on members of marginalized groups, Ore provides a thorough discussion of how such systems of stratification are formed and perpetuated and how forms of stratification are interconnected. The anthology supplies sufficient pedagogical tools to aid the student in understanding how the material relates to her/his own life and how her/his own attitudes, actions, and perspectives may serve to perpetuate a stratified system..

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
PART I: CONSTRUCTING DIFFERENCES	1	(190)
Examining what categories are constructed, how this is done, and why such categories of difference are constructed
Race and Ethnicity	18	(1)
Racial Formations	18	(11)
Michael Omi
Howard Winant
Optional Ethnicities: For Whites Only?	29	(12)
Mary C. Waters
Asian American Panethnicity: Bridging Institutions and Identities	41	(11)
Yen Le Espiritu
How Jews Became White	52	(15)
Karen Brodkin Sacks
Social Class	67	(1)
The Hidden Side of the Clinton Economy	67	(4)
John E. Schwarz
Media Magic: Making Class Invisible	71	(8)
Gregory Mantsios
Have-Mores and Have-Lesses	79	(12)
Donald L. Barlett
James B. Steele
Privilege, Power, and Place: The Geography of the American Upper Class	91	(15)
Stephen Richard Higley
Sex and Gender	106	(1)
The Social Construction of Gender	106	(7)
Judith Lorber
The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough	113	(7)
Anne Fausto-Sterling
The Transgender Paradigm Shift Toward Free Expression	120	(5)
Holly Boswell
Coming to Terms: Masculinity and Physical Disability	125	(12)
Thomas J. Gerschick
Adam Stephen Miller
Sexuality	137	(1)
The Invention of Heterosexuality	137	(13)
Jonathan Ned Katz
How Men Have (a) Sex	150	(10)
John Stoltenberg
Sexual Identity and Bisexual Identities: The Struggle for Self-Description in a Changing Sexual Landscape	160	(18)
Paula C. Rust
Naming All the Parts	178	(13)
Kate Bornstein
PART II: MAINTAINING INEQUALITIES: SYSTEMS OF OPPRESSION AND PRIVILEGE	191	(281)
Examining what elements of social structure work to maintain systems of stratification based on constructions of difference.
Social Institutions	212	(1)
Family	212	(1)
Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families	212	(21)
Bonnie Thornton Dill
Families on the Fault Line: America's Working Class Speaks about the Family, the Economy, Race, and Ethnicity	233	(9)
Lillian B. Rubin
The Second Shift: Employed Women Are Putting in Another Day of Work at Home	242	(6)
Arlie Hochschild
Sexual Dissent and the Family: The Sharon Kowalski Case	248	(5)
Nan D. Hunter
Education	253	(1)
Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools	253	(7)
Jonathan Kozol
Preparing for Power: Cultural Capital and Curricula in America's Elite Boarding Schools	260	(10)
Peter W. Cookson, Jr.
Caroline Hodges Persell
Civilize Them with a Stick	270	(8)
Mary Crow Dog
Richard Erdoes
Missing in Interaction	278	(13)
Myra Sadker
David Sadker
Work and the Economy	291	(1)
The Wage Squeeze	291	(11)
David M. Gordon
``We'd Love to Hire Them, But...'': The Meaning of Race for Employers	302	(10)
Joleen Kirschenman
Kathryn M. Neckerman
The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the ``Female'' Professions	312	(11)
Christine L. Williams
The State and Public Policy	323	(1)
It's a Family Affair: Women, Poverty, and Welfare	323	(6)
Randy Albelda
Chris Tilly
No Equal Justice: Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System	329	(9)
David Cole
The Effects of Affirmative Action on Other Stakeholders	338	(12)
Barbara Reskin
The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: Racialized Social Democracy and the ``White'' Problem in American Studies	350	(11)
George Lipsitz
Media	361	(1)
Ralph, Fred, Archie and Homer: Why Television Keeps Recreating the White Male Working-Class Buffoon	361	(10)
Richard Butsch
Distorted Reality: Hispanic Characters in TV Entertainment	371	(13)
S. Robert Lichter
Daniel R. Amundson
Changing Gay and Lesbian Images in the Media	384	(12)
Peter M. Nardi
Language	396	(1)
Racism in the English Language	396	(11)
Robert B. Moore
Self, Identity and the Naming Question: Reflections on the Language of Disability	407	(12)
Irving Kenneth Zola
How to Tame a Wild Tongue	419	(10)
Gloria Anzaldua
Let's Spread the ``Fun'' Around: The Issue of Sports Team Names and Mascots	429	(4)
Ward Churchill
Violence and Social Control	433	(1)
Where Race and Gender Meet: Racism, Hate Crimes, and Pornography	433	(3)
Helen Zia
Fraternities and Collegiate Rape Culture: Why Are Some Fraternities More Dangerous Places for Women?	436	(14)
A. Ayres Boswell
Joan Z. Spade
Masculinity and Violence	450	(12)
Victor Seidler
Homophobia as a Weapon of Sexism	462	(10)
Suzanne Pharr
PART III: EXPERIENCING DIFFERENCE AND INEQUALITY IN EVERYDAY LIFE	472	(74)
Examining the impact of constructions of difference and maintaining inequalities on members of society
White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies	475	(11)
Peggy McIntosh
A Dozen Demons	486	(9)
Ellis Cose
The Story of My Body	495	(8)
Judith Ortiz Cofer
``Gee, You Don't Seem Like an Indian from the Reservation''	503	(6)
Barbara Cameron
On Being Blackanese	509	(3)
Mitzi Uehara-Carter
Class in America: Myths and Realities	512	(15)
Gregory Mantsios
I Am Your Welfare Reform	527	(1)
Annie Downey
Learning to Fight	528	(6)
Geoffrey Canada
Appearances	534	(7)
Carmen Vazquez
Bisexuality, Feminism, Men and Me	541	(5)
Robyn Ochs
PART IV: RESISTANCE AND SOCIAL CHANGE	546
Examining how people working within individual and institutional contexts transform difference from a system of inequality to a system of liberation
Toward a New Vision: Race, Class, and Gender as Categories of Analysis and Connection	557
Patricia Hill Collins
Cultural Resistance: Reconstructing Our Own Images	571
Yen Le Espiritu
The Alien Nation: Debunking the Myth	581
Trishala Deb
Seeing More Than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divides	584
Elizabeth Martinez
Dismantling Noah's Ark: Gender and Equality	591
Judith Lorber
Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference	604
Audre Lorde
Feminism: A Transformational Politic	612
bell hooks