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Social Development provides a comprehensive introduction to the multiple factors that shape a child’s behavior, interaction with others, feelings about themselves, and how and why behaviors change over time. Delving into the biological, cognitive, and perceptual aspects of development and their influence on behavior, socialization, and self-image, this text also recognizes the significance of cultural and societal distinctions by emphasizing the value of context and identifying cultural variation’s role in social development.
Special pedagogical features in each chapter enhance the learning experience and promote student understanding: counter-intuitive examples cases challenge reader assumptions, coverage of extreme cases tell the story behind historical advancements, and profiles of current leaders in the field highlight the many paths to a career in social development. With a focus on real-world application, coupled with coverage of cutting-edge methodologies and the latest research findings, this book gives students a strong, highly relevant foundation in core concepts and practices central to the study of social development.
Preface xix
1 Introduction: Theories of Social Development 1
Bet You Didn’t Know That . . . Newborns Can Recognize Their Mothers by Smell 2
Insights from Extremes: Genie, a “Wild Child” 5
Cultural Context: Parenting Advice Around the Globe 8
Research Up Close: Children of the Great Depression 11
Into Adulthood: Fatherhood and Generativity 19
Learning from Living Leaders 36
Chapter Summary 38
Key Terms 41
At the Movies 41
2 Research Methods: Tools for Discovery 43
Insights from Extremes: Lost and Found Children 49
Real-World Application: Treating an Aggressive Child 51
Into Adulthood: Behavior in Childhood Predicts Adult Outcomes 55
Cultural Context: Challenges for Researchers 60
Research Up Close: The Puppet Interview Method 62
Bet You Thought That . . .: Parents Can Accurately Report Retrospectively About Their Children’s Early Years 67
Learning from Living Leaders 78
Chapter Summary 81
Key Terms 83
At the Movies 83
3 Biological Foundations: Roots in Neurons and Genes 85
Bet You Thought That . . .: Genes Determine Your Potential 99
Research Up Close: A Genetic Risk for Drug Use 109
Insights from Extremes: Autism 110
Real-World Application: Genetic Counseling, Genetic Selection 112
Cultural Context: Are Temperaments the Same Around the World? 115
Into Adulthood: Shy Children Thirty Years Later 120
Learning from Living Leaders 121
Chapter Summary 123
Key Terms 125
At the Movies 126
4 Attachment: Forming Close Relationships 127
Insights from Extremes: Maternal Bonding 131
Bet You Thought That . . .: Babies Become Attached to Their Teddy Bears and Blankets 135
Cultural Context: Assessing Attachment in Different Cultures 140
Research Up Close: Early Experience Hormones, and Attachment 145
Real-World Application: Attachment When Mother (or Father) Goes to Prison 149
Into Adulthood: From Early Attachment to Later Romantic Relationships 158
Learning from Living Leaders 159
Chapter Summary 161
Key Terms 163
At the Movies 163
5 Emotions: Thoughts about Feelings 165
Bet You Thought That. . .: A Smile Is a Smile Is a Smile 172
Cultural Context: Expressing and Understanding Emotions in Different Cultures 184
Into Adulthood: Controlling Negative Emotions in Adulthood 190
Research Up Close: Emotional Development in a High School Theater Program 194
Real-World Application: Teachers as Promoters of Emotional Competence 196
Insights from Extremes: When Children Commit Suicide 199
Learning from Living Leaders 202
Chapter Summary 203
Key Terms 204
At the Movies 204
6 Self and Other: Getting to Know Me, Getting to Know You 206
Cultural Context: How Culture Shapes Self-Representations 210
Into Adulthood: Identity Formation Continues 219
Real-World Application: Sexual Orientation and Identity 226
Research Up Close: The Brain Beneath Theory of Mind 229
Bet You Thought That . . .: Babies Are Not Mind Readers 230
Insights from Extremes: The Most Extreme Prejudice: Genocide 238
Learning from Living Leaders 244
Chapter Summary 245
Key Terms 247
At the Movies 247
7 Family: Early and Enduring Influences 248
Into Adulthood: Transition to Parenthood 253
Research Up Close: Transmission of Hostile Parenting across Generations 259
Bet You Thought That . . .: Parenting Is a Brain Drain, Not a Brain Booster 262
Insights from Extremes: When Is a Family Too Large? 265
Real-World Application: “Let’s Have Dinner” 271
Cultural Context: How Effects of Parenting Vary Across Cultures 274
Learning from Living Leaders 291
Chapter Summary 293
Key Terms 295
At the Movies 295
8 Peers: A World of Their Own 297
Cultural Context: Peer Roles and Relationships in Different Cultures 306
Bet You Thought That . . .: Names Would Never Hurt You 316
Research Up Close: When “Love Thine Enemy” Fails 317
Insights from Extremes: From Rejection to Revenge? 318
Insights from Extremes: When Children Love and Protect Each Other 330
Into Adulthood: What Happens When Jocks, Brains, and Princesses Grow Up 337
Real-World Application: Youth Gangs 339
Learning from Living Leaders 339
Chapter Summary 341
Key Terms 343
At the Movies 344
9 Schools Mentors and Media: Connections with Society 345
Bet You Thought That . . .: Homeschooled Children Were Socially Disadvantaged 352
Cultural Context: Matching Classroom Organization to Cultural Values and Practices 356
Real-World Application: Advertising Influences Children’s Choices 371
Research Up Close: Role-Playing Games and Social Life 380
Insights from Extremes: The Risks of Sexting 381
Learning from Living Leaders 381
Chapter Summary 384
Key Terms 386
At the Movies 386
10 Sex and Gender: Vive La Différence? 388
Into Adulthood: Occupations for Men and Women 393
Cultural Context: Cultural Differences in Gender Stereotypes 397
Bet You Thought That . . .: Gender Identity was Determined by Biological Sex 398
Insights from Extremes: The First American Transgendered Person 400
Research Up Close: Gender Roles in Counterculture Families 414
Real-World Application: Do Computers Widen the Gender Gap? 419
Learning from Living Leaders 427
Chapter Summary 428
Key Terms 430
At the Movies 431
11 Morality: Knowing Right Doing Good 432
Insights from Extremes: Moral Heroes 437
Cultural Context: Justice versus Interpersonal Obligations in India and the United States 441
Bet You Thought That . . .: Moral Judgment Leads to Moral Action 450
Into Adulthood: The Love of Money Is the Root of All Evil 453
Research Up Close: Children Telling Lies 454
Real-World Application: Adolescents’ Competence to Stand Trial as Adults 459
Learning from Living Leaders 470
Chapter Summary 473
Key Terms 474
At the Movies 474
12 Aggression: Insult and Injury 476
Into Adulthood: From Childhood Aggression to Road Rage 485
Insights from Extremes: Child Soldiers 493
Research Up Close: Genes, Environmental Triggers, and Aggressive Behavior 499
Real-World Application: Cyberfighting and Cyberbullying 505
Bet You Thought That . . .: You Could Reduce Aggressive Feelings by “Letting off Steam” 508
Learning from Living Leaders 514
Chapter Summary 516
Key Terms 517
At the Movies 518
13 Policy: Improving Children’s Lives 519
Real-World Application: Early Intervention with Children in Poverty 527
Research Up Close: The Florida Child Care Quality Improvement Study 534
Bet You Thought That . . .: More Teens Are Having Sex Than Ever Before 536
Into Adulthood: When Teen Mothers Grow Up 538
Cultural Context: Child Abuse and Children’s Rights 547
Insights from Extremes: Suggestive Interrogations and Legal Policy 551
Learning from Living Leaders 553
Chapter Summary 556
Key Terms 558
At the Movies 559
14 Overarching Themes: Integrating Social Development 560
Glossary 575
Author Index 587
Subject Index 609
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.