Social Exclusion

by Byrne, David

• ISBN13: 9780335215942
• ISBN10: 0335215947
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-01
• Publisher: Open University Press

Summary

Reviews of the First Edition:"thoughtful, critical, comprehensive, genuine... Byrne's workshould prove compulsory reading for any critical and nuancedview of social exclusion." Progress in Human Geography"The presentation of a single, coherent argument is one of the strengths of thisbook... [It] fills a gap in the debate on social exclusion." Political Studies'Social Exclusion' is a key phrase in social policy and social politics across most of contemporary Europe. It is a description of the condition of individuals, households, neighbourhoods, ethnic and other 'identity' groups, who can be identified as being excluded from society.The second edition of this widely read book explores developments in social theory, social experience and social policy in relation to Social Exclusion. The first part examines the origins of the term and implications of the difference between the ideas of 'exclusion', 'underclass', 'residuum' and related concepts. The discussion is informed by the application of Complexity Theory. In the updated second part, the theoretical account is developed through a detailed review of the dynamics of individual lives in a changing social order. Income equality, spatial division, and exclusion in relation to health, education and cultural provision and processes are examined in a range of societies in Europe and North America.The last part contains a new chapter outlining the content and impact of national and international policies which have been specifically developed to address issues of exclusion.This is important reading for students on social sciences courses including sociology, social theory and social policy.

Author Biography

David Byrne is a senior lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Durham. He was previously Research Director of the North Tyneside Community Development Project and Reader in Sociology at the Ulster Polytechnic.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	viii
Series editor's preface	ix
Introduction	1	(18)
Part One
1 Conceptualizing social exclusion: the political foundations — classical and neo-liberal	19	(14)
The possessive individualists – blaming the poor	20	(3)
Residuums, underclasses and redundant populations	23	(2)
Citizenship?	25	(8)
2 Order, solidarity and transformation: collectivist political traditions	33	(19)
Capitalism can be tamed – the social market and related approaches	38	(3)
The politics of transformation – Marxist and related perspectives	41	(1)
The industrial reserve army	42	(2)
Regulation theory: transition codified – postindustrial capitalism: the means specified	44	(3)
Social proletarians – underdevelopment as exclusion	47	(3)
Conclusion	50	(2)
3 Conceptualizing social exclusion: the language and social science of social exclusion	52	(15)
Social exclusion as discourse – the language of caring neo-liberalism	54	(7)
From definition to measurement: 'social exclusion in applied social research'	61	(5)
Conclusion	66	(1)
4 Dynamic society – dynamic lives	67	(18)
Postindustrial, postmodern, post-socialist?: advanced industrial societies in the twenty-first century	67	(8)
The complex dynamics of social exclusion	75	(3)
Understanding the complexity of dynamics	78	(7)
Part Two
5 The dynamics of income inequality	85	(30)
From relative equality to inequality: the phase shift in income distributions	85	(2)
The changing pattern of income distribution in the countries of the North	87	(5)
Why have income distributions become more unequal?	92	(6)
Gender and income inequality	98	(3)
Race/ethnicity and exclusion	101	(2)
The exclusion of the young in postindustrial capitalism	103	(4)
Dynamics – the significance of life courses	107	(2)
Making it unequal: the role of postindustrial policy	109	(1)
The new enclosure	110	(5)
6 Divided spaces: social division in the postindustrial city	115	(18)
Divided cities – the reality	118	(2)
Race/ethnicity and exclusion through space	120	(2)
Gender and exclusion through space	122	(2)
Age and social exclusion through space	124	(1)
Communities?	125	(4)
Making excluding space: the role of social policies	129	(2)
Conclusion	131	(2)
7 Divided lives – exclusion in everyday life	133	(18)
Education and mobility in the industrial era	134	(4)
Education and closure in the postindustrial era	138	(5)
Cultural exclusion	143	(1)
Cities of cultural exclusion	144	(2)
Exclusion and health	146	(5)
Part Three
8 Including the excluded: the policy agenda of the third way	151	(18)
The Social Exclusion Unit: the new forms of policy development and implementation	152	(2)
Speenhamland come again – fiscal redistribution and Welfare to Work	154	(3)
Catch them young and give them a chance – Sure Start	157	(2)
Rescuing the drop-outs – Connexions in practice	159	(2)
Getting the place to work through getting the people involved New Deal for Communities and Local Strategic Partnerships	161	(7)
Conclusion	168	(1)
9 Against exclusion: the radical alternative	169	(14)
The excluded many, the 'at risk' most, and the excluding few	170	(4)
Can we do nothing? Is politics powerless?	174	(2)
The cultural front: what we need to change – empowerment in postindustrial and post-democratic capitalism	176	(7)
Bibliography	183	(11)
Index	194