Social Foundations for Becoming a Teacher

by Parkay, Forrest W.

• ISBN13: 9780205424221
• ISBN10: 0205424228
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-10-11
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

SocialFoundationsfor Becoming a Teacherfosters awareness of social trends, issues, and forces that influence teachers in todayrs"s high-stakes environment of education. Based on the successful introductory textBecoming a Teacher, this breakout text focuses on the sociological issues related to schools, communities, and teaching. Ideal for use in any pre-professional teaching course,SocialFoundationsfor Becoming a Teacheroffers a practical, readable overview of such topics as teachersrs" working conditions, school culture, diversity, and ethnicity, and social realities in American schools.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
1 Societal Influences on Education	2	(40)
What Are the Social Foundations of Education?	4	(4)
Today's Influences on Tomorrow's Schools	4	(3)
Social Forces	4	(2)
Economic Forces	6	(1)
Political Forces	6	(1)
Technological Developments	7	(1)
The "Pillars of Education" in the United States	7	(1)
What Are Society's Goals for Schools?	8	(8)
Achievement of Academic Goals	8	(2)
America's Education Goals	8	(1)
No Child Left Behind	9	(1)
Education and Values	10	(1)
Divergent Values	10	(1)
Emphasizing Our Nation's Successes	11	(1)
Socialization of Children and Youth	11	(1)
Education and Personal Growth	12	(1)
Education for Social Change	12	(1)
Service Learning	13	(1)
Education for Equal Educational Opportunity	13	(3)
What Are the Characteristics of Schools in Our Society?	16	(2)
Metaphorical Views of Schools	16	(1)
Social Class-Based Views of Schools	16	(2)
Four Types of Schools	17	(1)
As Social Institutions, What Are Schools Like?	18	(9)
Schools as a "Mirror" of Society	18	(4)
Case for Reflection: Community Influences on the School	19	(1)
Schools in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Settings	20	(1)
Schools and Their Surrounding Neighborhoods	20	(2)
Relevant Standards: Connections Between Students' Lives and the Curriculum	22	(1)
School Culture	22	(4)
The Physical Environment	24	(1)
School "Regularities"	25	(1)
School Traditions	25	(1)
Classroom Culture	26	(1)
What Are the Characteristics of "Successful" Schools?	27	(3)
Perspectives on Successful Schools	27	(1)
School Effectiveness Research	27	(3)
Teachers' Voices: We Are Friends When We Have Memories Together, Merle Weiss Scharmann	29	(1)
What Can We Learn from the Foundations of Education in Other Countries?	30	(8)
Technology in Teaching: The importance of information technology in the school curriculum: An international comparison	32	(1)
Comparative Education	32	(4)
International Comparisons of Achievement	32	(3)
A National Curriculum?	35	(1)
Lessons from Other Countries	36	(8)
Support for Teachers and Teaching	36	(1)
Parental Involvement	37	(1)
Pressure to Excel	37	(1)
Summary	38	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	40	(1)
Reflective Application Activities	40	(2)
2 Teachers' Working Conditions	42	(42)
How Does Society View Teachers and Teaching?	44	(6)
The Public Trust	46	(1)
Teachers' Knowledge and Skills	47	(1)
Technology in Teaching: Will I be prepared to teach in a digital age?	48	(1)
Accountability for Student Learning	48	(2)
Relevant Standards: Commitment to Students and Their Learning	49	(1)
What Has Drawn You to Teaching?	50	(11)
Desire to Work with Children and Youth	50	(3)
Passion for Teaching	53	(1)
Passion for the Subject	53	(1)
Passion for the Life of a Teacher	53	(1)
Passion for the Teaching–Learning Process	53	(1)
Influence of Teachers	53	(1)
Desire to Serve	54	(1)
Practical Advantages of Teaching	55	(3)
Salaries and Benefits	56	(2)
Job Security and Job Outlook	58	(1)
Opportunities for Teachers from Diverse Groups	58	(3)
Teachers of Color	59	(1)
Teachers with Disabilities	59	(2)
What Challenges Confront Teachers?	61	(5)
Classroom Management and Increasing School Violence	61	(1)
Social Problems that Impact Students	62	(1)
Inadequate Family and Community Support	63	(1)
Long Hours and Job Stress	64	(1)
Gaining Professional Empowerment	65	(1)
What Is It Like to Be a Teacher?	66	(12)
Uncertainty 1: Predicting Educational Outcomes	68	(2)
Students' Responses	68	(2)
Results in the Future	70	(1)
Uncertainty 2: Assessing Student Learning	70	(1)
Uncertainty 3: Influencing Student Behavior	71	(1)
Uncertainty 4: Influencing Others by Example	72	(2)
Uncertainty 5: Responding to Rapidly Changing, Fragmented Events	74	(1)
Uncertainty 6: Experiencing the Uniqueness of Teaching	74	(4)
Teachers' Voices: Education Was My Way Out, Sonie Felix	75	(2)
Case for Reflection: Coping with the Uncertainties of Teaching	77	(1)
What Reform Trends Are Changing the Profession of Teaching?	78	(3)
Increased Academic Preparation	78	(1)
Expanded Role for Schools	79	(1)
School-Based Teacher Education	79	(1)
National Certification	80	(1)
State Standards Boards	80	(1)
Summary	81	(1)
Key Terms and Concepts	82	(1)
Reflective Application Activities	82	(2)
3 History of Education in the United States	84	(40)
What Were the European Antecedents of American Education?	86	(7)
Relevant Standards: Understanding How the Past Shapes the Present and Future of Education in the United States	87	(1)
Education in Ancient Greece	87	(3)
Socrates	88	(2)
Case for Reflection: Emphasizing the Past in the Curriculum	89	(1)
Plato and Aristotle	90	(1)
Education in Ancient Rome	90	(1)
From the Middle Ages to the Age of Enlightenment	90	(1)
Educational Thought in Eighteenth-Century Europe	91	(2)
What Were Teaching and Schools Like in the American Colonies (1620-1750)?	93	(5)
The Status of Teachers	93	(1)
Colonial Schools	93	(2)
The Origins of Mandated Education	95	(2)
Education for African Americans and Native Americans	97	(1)
What Were the Goals of Education During the Revolutionary Period (1750-1820)?	98	(4)
Benjamin Franklin's Academy	98	(1)
Sarah Pierce's Female Academy	99	(1)
Thomas Jefferson's Philosophy	100	(1)
Noah Webster's Speller	101	(1)
How Was the Struggle Won for State-Supported Common Schools (1820-1865)?	102	(2)
Horace Mann's Contributions	102	(1)
Improving School	102	(1)
The Normal School	103	(1)
Reverend W.H. McGuffey's Readers	103	(1)
Justin Morrill's Land-Grant Schools	104	(1)
How Did Compulsory Education Change Schools and the Teaching Profession (1865-1920)?	104	(4)
Higher Education for African Americans	105	(1)
The Kindergarten	106	(1)
The Professionalization of Teaching	106	(2)
Committee of Ten	106	(1)
Committee of Fifteen	107	(1)
Reorganization of Secondary Education	107	(1)
Women's Influence on Teaching	107	(1)
What Were the Aims of Education during the Progressive Era (1920-1945)?	108	(4)
John Dewey's Laboratory School	108	(2)
Maria Montessori's Method	110	(1)
The Decline of Progressive Education	110	(1)
Education of Immigrants and Minorities	110	(2)
Teachers' Voices: Native American Teachers Need Support, Kristine Shotley	111	(1)
World War II and Increasing Federal Involvement in Education	112	(1)
How Did Education Change during the Modern Postwar Era (1945–present)?	112	(7)
The 1950's: Defense Education and School Desegregation	112	(2)
The 1960's: The War on Poverty and the Great Society	114	(1)
The 1970's: Accountability and Equal Opportunity	115	(2)
Technology in Teaching: History of education and the Internet	116	(1)
The 1980's: A Great Debate	117	(1)
The 1990's: Teacher Leadership	118	(1)
The New Century: Continuing the Quest for Excellence	119	(1)
Summary	119	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	121	(1)
Reflective Application Activities	122	(2)
4 Diversity in U.S. Education	124	(46)
How Is Diversity Reflected in the Culture of the United States?	126	(6)
The Meaning of Culture	127	(8)
Dimensions of Culture	128	(1)
Cultural Identity	128	(1)
Language and Culture	128	(2)
Relevant Standards: Appreciation for Cultural Diversity	129	(1)
The Concept of Multiculturalism	130	(2)
Ethnicity and Race	132	(3)
The Concept of Minorities	133	(1)
Minority Groups and Academic Achievement	134	(1)
Stereotyping and Racism	134	(1)
What Does Equal Educational Opportunity Mean?	135	(12)
Education and African Americans	136	(4)
The Desegregation Era	136	(2)
Resegregation of Schools in the United States	138	(1)
The Learning Needs of African American Students	139	(1)
Afrocentric Schools	139	(1)
Education and Latino and Hispanic Americans	140	(4)
Socioeconomic Factors	140	(1)
The Learning Needs of Spanish-Speaking Students	140	(2)
Education and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders	142	(1)
Historical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors	142	(1)
Teachers' Concerns about Asian American Students	143	(1)
Education and Native Americans and Alaskan Natives	144	(3)
Historical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors	145	(1)
Research on Native American Ways of Knowing	145	(2)
What Is Meant by Bilingual Education?	147	(3)
Research and Debate on Bilingual Programs	148	(1)
Advice for Monolingual Teachers	149	(1)
What Is Multicultural Education?	150	(5)
Dimensions of Multicultural Education	150	(2)
Multicultural Curricula	152	(1)
Multicultural Instructional Materials and Strategies	152	(3)
Teachers' Voices: Celebrating Diversity in the Classroom, Neal A. Glasgow and Cathy D. Hicks	153	(2)
How Is Gender a Dimension of Multicultural Education?	155	(7)
Gender Differences	155	(2)
Case for Reflection: Developing Group Unity in a Diverse Classroom	156	(1)
Technology in Teaching: Does gender equity exist in the use of educational technology?	157	(1)
Gender and Education	157	(3)
International Comparisons	160	(1)
Gender-Fair Classrooms and Curricula	160	(12)
Sexual Orientation	161	(1)
Summary	162	(1)
Key Terms and Concepts	163	(1)
Reflective Application Activities	163	(2)
APPENDIX 4.1: Can You Recognize Racism?	165
APPENDIX 4.2: Creating Classroom Environments that Support Second-Language Learners	161	(7)
APPENDIX 4.3: Strategies for Enhancing the Learning and Literacy of Second-Language Learners	168	(2)
5 Social Realities and Today's Schools	170	(42)
Which Students Are at Risk in Our Society?	172	(4)
Relevant Standards: Awareness of How Social Issues Influence Student Learning	173	(1)
School Drop Outs	173	(2)
Life Settings of Children at Risk	175	(1)
Challenges for Students at Risk	176	(1)
What Social Issues Impact Schools and Place Students at Risk?	176	(14)
Children and Poverty	177	(1)
Homelessness	177	(3)
Family Stress	180	(2)
Teachers' Voices: There's No Place Like School, Juanita Fagan	181	(1)
Substance Abuse	182	(1)
Violence and Crime	183	(6)
Case for Reflection: Dealing with School Violence	187	(2)
Teen Pregnancy	189	(1)
Suicide among Children and Youth	189	(1)
How Are Schools Addressing Social Issues?	190	(8)
Technology in Teaching: Are up-to-date technologies being used effectively in low-income urban schools?	191	(1)
Peer Counseling and Peer Mediation	192	(1)
Full-Service Community Schools	193	(2)
Community Schools and Student Learning	194	(1)
School-Based Interprofessional Case Management	195	(1)
Compensatory Education	196	(1)
Alternative Schools and Curricula	196	(2)
Out-of-School Time (OST) Activities	198	(1)
How Can Home/School/Community Partnership Help Students Learn?	198	(6)
The Community as a Resource for Schools	198	(4)
Civic Organizations	200	(1)
Volunteer Mentor Programs	200	(1)
Corporate—Education Partnerships	201	(1)
Schools as Resources for Communities	202	(13)
Beyond the School Day	202	(1)
Social Services	203	(1)
Summary	204	(1)
Key Terms and Concepts	205	(1)
Reflective Application Activities	206	(1)
APPENDIX 5.1: School Safety Checklist	207	(1)
APPENDIX 5.2: Selected Resources for Meeting Needs of Students Placed at Risk	208	(2)
APPENDIX 5.3: Family Needs Assessment	210	(2)
6 Teacher Leaders and the Professionalization of Teaching	212	(52)
To What Extent Is Teaching a Full Profession?	215	(8)
Institutional Monopoly of Services	215	(2)
Teacher Autonomy	217	(1)
Years of Education and Training	218	(1)
Entry into the Profession	218	(1)
Provision of Essential Service	219	(1)
Degree of Self-Governance	219	(2)
Professional Associations	221	(1)
Professional Knowledge and Skills	221	(1)
Level of Public Trust	222	(1)
Prestige, Benefits, and Pay	222	(1)
What Is Professionalism in Teaching?	223	(5)
Professional Behavior	223	(1)
Reflection-in-Action	224	(1)
Becoming a Mentor	224	(1)
Lifelong Learning	224	(4)
Relevant Standards: Continuous Professional Growth	226	(1)
Learning to Become a Leader	227	(1)
Involvement in the Profession	228	(1)
To What Professional Organizations Do Teachers Belong?	228	(6)
The National Education Association	229	(2)
The Unionization Movement	229	(1)
Gains in Teachers' Rights	230	(1)
The American Federation of Teachers	231	(1)
The NEAFT Partnership	232	(1)
Other Professional Organizations	233	(1)
Case for Reflection: To Strike or Not to Strike	234	(1)
What New Leadership Roles for Teachers Are Emerging?	234	(8)
Teacher Involvement in Teacher Education, Certification, and Staff Development	235	(2)
Technology in Teaching: Teacher leadership and the development and dissemination of multimedia software	236	(1)
Teacher-Leaders	237	(2)
Dimensions of Teacher-Leadership beyond the Classroom	239	(3)
How Do Teachers Contribute to Educational Research?	242	(6)
Sources of Educational Research	242	(1)
Government Resources for Research Application	243	(5)
Scientifically Based Research	244	(1)
Conducting Classroom Action Research	245	(5)
Teachers' Voices: The Early Literacy Club: Building Excellence Through Collaboration, Jane Ching Fung	247	(1)
How Are Teachers Providing Leadership for School Restructuring and Curriculum Reform?	248	(3)
Leadership and Collaboration for School Reform	248	(2)
Collaborative School Reform Networks	250	(1)
Coalition of Essential Schools	250	(1)
National Network for Educational Renewal	250	(1)
Accelerated Schools	251	(1)
State-Based Educational Partnerships	251	(1)
How Will Teachers Shape the Future of Teaching?	251	(3)
A School of the Future	252	(1)
Tomorrow's Teachers	253	(1)
Summary	254	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	256	(1)
Reflective Application Activities	256	(2)
APPENDIX 6.1: Professional Organizations for Teachers	258	(6)
Glossary	264	(7)
References	271	(12)
Index	283