Social Impact Assessment : Method and Experience in Europe, North America and the Developing World

by Becker, H. A.; Becker, Henk A.

• ISBN13: 9781857283464
• ISBN10: 1857283465
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-10-01
• Publisher: Ucl Pr Ltd

Table of Contents

Preface	xi	(2)
Figures	xiii
1. The quest for least-regret strategies	1	(21)
1.1 Introduction	1	(4)
1.2 A case of SIA	5	(2)
1.3 A profile of SIA	7	(5)
1.4 Towards a conceptual model of SIA	12	(5)
1.5 Towards a typology of SIA	17	(2)
1.6 Outline of the book	19	(3)
2. The historical context of SIA	22	(30)
2.1 Introduction	22	(2)
2.2 Industrialization and confrontation: 1800-1945	24	(6)
2.3 Restructuring the international order: 1946-1965	30	(5)
2.4 Cultural protest and economic crisis: 1966-1985	35	(6)
2.5 Towards sustainability: 1986 and beyond	41	(8)
2.6 Summary	49	(3)
3. Methods for the preliminary phase in SIA	52	(34)
3.1 Introduction	52	(4)
3.2 Problem analysis and communications strategy	56	(6)
3.2.1 Analysis of the problem	56	(3)
3.2.2 Design of a communication strategy	59	(1)
3.2.3 Preliminary definition of the research problem	60	(1)
3.2.4 Iteration and reporting	61	(1)
3.3 Systems analysis	62	(5)
3.3.1 Identification of the system	62	(1)
3.3.2 Design of the conceptual model	63	(4)
3.3.3 Iteration and reporting	67	(1)
3.4 Baseline analysis	67	(5)
3.4.1 Formulation of research questions for the baseline analysis	67	(1)
3.4.2 Time perspective	68	(1)
3.4.3 Design of the theoretical model	68	(2)
3.4.4 Data gathering	70	(1)
3.4.5 Data analysis, explanation and interpretation	71	(1)
3.4.6 Iteration and reporting	71	(1)
3.5 Trend analysis and monitoring	72	(9)
3.5.1 Identification of trends	72	(3)
3.5.2 Design of monitoring	75	(3)
3.5.3 Data gathering	78	(2)
3.5.4 Analysis, explanation and interpretation	80	(1)
3.5.5 Iteration, pitfalls and reporting	81	(1)
3.6 Project design	81	(5)
3.6.1 Formulation of the research questions	81	(1)
3.6.2 Design of the main phase of the SIA study	82	(1)
3.6.3 Formation of the project team	82	(2)
3.6.4 Planning the main phase of the SIA study	84	(1)
3.6.5 Iteration and reporting	85	(1)
4. Methods for the Main Phase in SIA	86	(32)
4.1 Introduction	86	(1)
4.2 Scenario design	86	(13)
4.2.1 Choice of types of scenarios	86	(3)
4.2.2 Design of model	89	(3)
4.2.3 Designing the scenarios	92	(4)
4.2.4 Designing critical incidents	96	(2)
4.2.5 Iteration and reporting	98	(1)
4.3 Design of strategies	99	(3)
4.3.1 Evaluation of current strategies	99	(1)
4.3.2 Design of an integrated set of strategies	100	(2)
4.3.3 Iteration and reporting	102	(1)
4.4 Assessment of impacts	102	(4)
4.4.1 Scenario-to-strategy simulation	102	(3)
4.4.2 Additional simulations	105	(1)
4.4.3 Iteration and reporting	105	(1)
4.5 Ranking strategies	106	(3)
4.5.1 Choice of type of ranking	106	(2)
4.5.2 Ranking process	108	(1)
4.5.3 Iteration and reporting	109	(1)
4.6 Mitigation of negative impacts	109	(2)
4.6.1 Redesigning of strategies and reassessment of impacts	109	(2)
4.6.2 Revision of ranking of strategies	111	(1)
4.6.3 Iteration and reporting	111	(1)
4.7 Reporting	111	(3)
4.7.1 Decision about types of reporting	111	(1)
4.7.2 Executive summary	112	(1)
4.7.3 Full report	112	(1)
4.7.4 Background papers	113	(1)
4.7.5 Press release	113	(1)
4.7.6 Workshops	113	(1)
4.8 Auditing and ex-post evaluation	114	(4)
4.8.1 Auditing	114	(1)
4.8.2 Ex-post evaluation of the SIA study	115	(3)
5. Types of SIA	118	(24)
5.1 Introduction	118	(1)
5.2 Towards a typology of IA	119	(7)
5.3 Micro-level SIA	126	(2)
5.4 Meso-level SIA	128	(6)
5.5 Macro-level SIA	134	(2)
5.6 SIA in integrated impact assessment studies	136	(5)
5.7 Summary	141	(1)
6. Major problems of SIA	142	(33)
6.1 Introduction	142	(1)
6.2 Determining the size of a SIA study	143	(5)
6.2.1 Introduction	143	(1)
6.2.2 Instant SIA studies	144	(2)
6.2.3 Medium-sized SIA studies	146	(1)
6.2.4 Large-size SIA studies	146	(1)
6.2.5 SIA in action research programmes	147	(1)
6.3 Coping with risk and uncertainty in the SIA study	148	(3)
6.3.1 Risk and uncertainty	149	(1)
6.3.2 Risk assessment	149	(1)
6.3.3 Risk management	150	(1)
6.4 Establishing the SIA study in its social setting	151	(22)
6.4.1 Organizational setting of SIA	151	(2)
6.4.2 Relationships with the central actor	153	(1)
6.4.3 Public involvement	154	(5)
6.4.4 Relationship with basic research	159	(6)
6.4.5 Relationships with normative debates	165	(6)
6.4.6 Relationships with IA as a social system	171	(2)
6.5 Summary	173	(2)
7. Experiences with SIA in Europe and North America	175	(17)
7.1 Introduction	175	(2)
7.2 Method and theory in SIA in the West	177	(2)
7.3 Micro-analyses	179	(6)
7.4 Meso-analyses in SIA	185	(3)
7.5 Macro-level SIA	188	(1)
7.6 Settings of SIA in the West	189	(1)
7.7 Summary	190	(2)
8. SIA in a number of developing countries	192	(20)
8.1 Introduction	192	(1)
8.2 Methodological aspects	192	(8)
8.2.1 Administrative data	194	(1)
8.2.2 Population census	194	(1)
8.2.3 Social surveys	195	(2)
8.2.4 Integrating research methodologies	197	(3)
8.3 Meso-level SIA in a number of developing countries	200	(6)
8.4 Macro-level SIA in a number of developing countries	206	(3)
8.4.1 Population growth and the environment	206	(2)
8.4.2 Policy impacts on the dynamics of the population	208	(1)
8.5 Settings for SIA in developing countries	209	(1)
8.6 Summary	210	(2)
9. Conclusions, discussion and implications	212	(11)
9.1 Introduction	212	(1)
9.2 Conclusions	212	(3)
9.3 Discussion	215	(3)
9.4 Implications for the future	218	(5)
Cases and exercises	223	(17)
Glossary	240	(4)
Bibliography	244	(10)
Index	254