Social Problems

by MacIonis, John J.

• ISBN13: 9780131891876
• ISBN10: 0131891871
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780132433396, 9780138171988
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Macionis's Social Problems is the only social problems text that explains how society frames social problems and solutions through politics. The text analyzes social issues and policies, using the concepts of sociological theory and the everyday language of politics. & This text helps students understand the attitudes and values that define the political spectrum in the United States. Once students know how social problems are defined by our society through politics, and how the policies to solve these problems are developed, students are able to &become involved in solving social problems through activism and political involvement.

Table of Contents

Preface	xx
Part I Sociology's Basic Approach
Sociology: Studying Social Problems	1	(25)
Getting the Picture	1	(1)
Seeing Patterns: The Sociological Perspective	2	(1)
Social Problems: The Basics	2	(4)
Social Problems over Time	3	(1)
The Social-Constructionist Approach	4	(1)
Claims Making	5	(1)
A Defining Moment
Ryan White: Changing the Face of AIDS	6	(3)
Problems and Social Movements	6	(1)
Social Problems: Eight Assertions	7	(2)
Looking Beyond Ourselves: A Global Perspective	9	(1)
Analyzing Social Problems: The Role of Theory	10	(4)
The Structural-Functional Approach	10	(2)
The Social-Conflict Approach	12	(1)
The Symbolic-Interaction Approach	13	(1)
Finding the Facts: Sociological Research	14	(4)
Research Methods	15	(1)
Truth, Science, and Politics	16	(1)
Truth and Statistics	17	(1)
Responding to Social Problems: Social Policy	18	(3)
Policy Evaluation	19	(1)
Policy and Culture	20	(1)
Policy and Politics	20	(1)
Politics: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	21	(1)
The Political Spectrum	21	(1)
Social and Economic Issues	21	(1)
Who Thinks What?	22	(1)
Going On From Here	22	(4)
Chapter Summary	23	(1)
Key Concepts	24	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	24	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	25	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	25	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	25	(1)
Part II Problems of Social Inequality
Poverty and Wealth	26	(28)
Getting the Picture	27	(1)
Economic Inequality in the United States	28	(3)
Inequality of Income and Wealth	28	(1)
Taxation	29	(2)
The Rich and the Poor: A Social Profile	31	(6)
The Rich	31	(1)
The Poor	32	(1)
The Poverty Line	32	(1)
The Poverty Gap	32	(1)
The Poor: A Closer Look	33	(2)
Working Families: Working Harder	35	(1)
The Working Poor	36	(1)
The Non-Working Poor	36	(1)
The Underclass	37	(1)
Problems Linked to Poverty	37	(2)
Poor Health	37	(1)
Substandard Housing	38	(1)
Homelessness	38	(1)
Limited Schooling	38	(1)
Crime and Punishment	38	(1)
Political Alienation	39	(1)
Responding to Poverty: The Welfare System	39	(2)
A Brief History of Welfare	40	(1)
A Defining Moment
U.S. Society Discovers Poverty	41	(2)
Recent Welfare Reform	42	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Poverty	43	(4)
Structural-Functional Analysis: Some Poverty Is Inevitable	43	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: Defining the Problem	44	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Poverty Can Be Eliminated	45	(2)
Politics and Poverty: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	47	(2)
Conservatives: Personal Responsibility	47	(1)
Liberals: Societal Responsibility	48	(1)
Radicals: Change the System	49	(1)
Going On From Here	49	(5)
Chapter Summary	50	(1)
Key Concepts	51	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	52	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	52	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	53	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	53	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Inequality	54	(30)
Getting the Picture	55	(1)
Race and Ethnicity	56	(4)
Race	56	(2)
Ethnicity	58	(1)
Immigration	58	(1)
Minorities	59	(1)
Patterns of Majority-Minority Interaction	60	(2)
Genocide	60	(1)
Segregation	60	(2)
A Defining Moment
Rosa Parks: Saying No to Segregation	62	(1)
Assimilation	62	(1)
Pluralism	62	(1)
The Social Standing of U.S. Minorities	63	(6)
Native Americans	63	(1)
People of African Descent	64	(1)
People of Asian Descent	65	(2)
Hispanic Americans	67	(2)
Prejudice	69	(5)
Stereotypes	69	(1)
Racism	70	(1)
Measuring Prejudice: The Social Distance Scale	70	(3)
Institutional Racism: The Case of Racial Profiling	73	(1)
Causes of Prejudice	73	(1)
Multiculturalism	73	(1)
Discrimination	74	(2)
Institutional Discrimination	74	(1)
Prejudice and Discrimination: A Vicious Circle	75	(1)
Affirmative Action: Reverse Discrimination or Antidote for Prejudice?	75	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Racial and Ethnic Inequality	76	(2)
Structural-Functional Analysis: The Importance of Culture	76	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: The Personal Meaning of Race	77	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: The Structure of Inequality	77	(1)
Politics, Race, and Ethnicity: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	78	(2)
Conservatives: Culture and Effort Matter	78	(1)
Liberals: Society and Government Matter	78	(1)
Radicals: Fundamental Changes Are Needed	79	(1)
Going On From Here	80	(4)
Chapter Summary	81	(1)
Key Concepts	82	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	82	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	83	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	83	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	83	(1)
Gender Inequality	84	(26)
Getting the Picture	85	(1)
What Is Gender?	86	(2)
Patriarchy	86	(2)
The Problem of Sexism	88	(1)
Gender and Social Institutions	88	(5)
Gender and the Family	88	(1)
Gender and Education	88	(1)
Gender and the Mass Media	89	(1)
Gender and Religion	90	(1)
Gender and Politics	91	(1)
Gender and the Military	92	(1)
Gender and Work	92	(1)
Gender Stratification	93	(5)
Income	93	(2)
Housework	95	(1)
Violence against Women	95	(1)
Sexual Harassment	96	(1)
Sexuality, Beauty, and Reproduction	96	(1)
Women: A Majority-Minority?	97	(1)
Minority Women: Intersection Theory	97	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Gender Inequality	98	(3)
Structural-Functional Analysis: Gender and Complementarity	98	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: Gender in Everyday Life	99	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Gender and Inequality	100	(1)
Feminism	101	(1)
Feminist Foundations	101	(1)
A Defining Moment
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Claiming Women's Right to Equality	102	(2)
Types of Feminism	103	(1)
Politics and Gender: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	104	(3)
Conservatives: The Value of Families	104	(1)
Liberals: The Pursuit of Equality	105	(1)
Radicals: Change the System	106	(1)
Going On From Here	107	(3)
Chapter Summary	107	(1)
Key Concepts	108	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	108	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	109	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	109	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	109	(1)
Aging and Inequality	110	(24)
Getting the Picture	111	(1)
Growing Old	112	(2)
Industrialization and Aging	112	(1)
Life Expectancy	113	(1)
The Graying of the United States	114	(1)
Elders: A Diverse Population	115	(1)
Problems of Aging	115	(10)
Social Isolation	116	(1)
Retirement	116	(1)
Ageism	117	(2)
Victimization of the Elderly	119	(1)
The Growing Need for Caregiving	120	(1)
Poverty	121	(1)
Housing	122	(2)
Medical Care	124	(1)
Death and Dying	124	(1)
A Defining Moment
Dr. Jack Kevorkian: Challenging Our Ideas about Death	125	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Aging and Inequality	126	(3)
Structural-Functional Analysis: The Need to Disengage	126	(2)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: Staying Active	128	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Age and Inequality	128	(1)
Politics and Aging: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	129	(2)
Conservatives: More Family Responsibility	129	(1)
Liberals: More Government Assistance	129	(1)
Radicals: Capitalism and the Elderly	130	(1)
Going On From Here	131	(3)
Chapter Summary	131	(1)
Key Concepts	132	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	132	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	133	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	133	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	133	(1)
Part III Problems of Deviance, Conformity, and Well-Being
Crime and Criminal Justice	134	(30)
Getting the Picture	135	(1)
Norms, Law, and Crime	136	(1)
Crime: The Extent of the Problem	136	(7)
Crime Statistics	136	(1)
Violent Crime: Patterns and Trends	137	(3)
Property Crime: Patterns and Trends	140	(3)
``Street'' Crime: Who Are the Criminals?	143	(1)
Age	143	(1)
Gender	143	(1)
Social Class	143	(1)
Race and Ethnicity	143	(1)
Other Dimensions of the Crime Problem	144	(3)
Juvenile Delinquency	144	(1)
Hate Crimes	145	(1)
White-Collar Crime	145	(1)
Corporate Crime	146	(1)
Organized Crime	146	(1)
A Defining Moment
Ralph Nader: Making Corporations More Accountable	147	(1)
Victimless Crime	147	(1)
The Criminal Justice System	148	(4)
Due Process	148	(1)
Police	149	(1)
Courts	149	(1)
Punishment	150	(2)
Community-Based Corrections	152	(1)
Explaining Crime: Biological and Psychological Theories	152	(3)
Biological Causes	152	(2)
Psychological Causes	154	(1)
Explaining Crime: Sociological Theories	155	(3)
Structural-Functional Analysis: How Society Creates Crime	155	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: Socially Constructing Reality	156	(2)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Crime and Inequality	158	(1)
Politics and Crime: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	158	(1)
Conservatives: Crime and Morality	158	(1)
Liberals: Crime and Jobs	159	(1)
Radicals: Crime and Inequality	159	(1)
Going On From Here	159	(5)
Chapter Summary	161	(1)
Key Concepts	162	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	162	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	163	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	163	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	163	(1)
Violence	164	(26)
Getting the Picture	165	(1)
What Is Violence?	165	(2)
Violence as a Social Problem	166	(1)
Criminal Violence	167	(4)
Murder	167	(3)
Rape	170	(1)
Family Violence	171	(1)
Violence against Children	172	(1)
A Defining Moment
U.S. Society Discovers Child Abuse	172	(3)
Violence against Women	174	(1)
Violence against Elders	174	(1)
Social Dimensions of Violence	175	(4)
The Mass Media and Violence	175	(1)
Drugs and Violence	176	(1)
Poverty and Violence	177	(1)
Youth Gangs and Violence	177	(1)
Guns and Violence	178	(1)
Explaining Violence: Biological and Psychological Theories	179	(1)
The Biological Approach	179	(1)
The Psychological Approach	180	(1)
Explaining Violence: Sociological Theories	180	(2)
Structural-Functional Analysis: The Culture of Violence	180	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: Learning Violence	181	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Violence and Inequality	182	(1)
Politics and Violence: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	182	(2)
Conservatives: Violence and Morality	182	(1)
Liberals: Violence and Opportunity	183	(1)
Radicals: Violence as Insurrection	184	(1)
Going On From Here	184	(6)
Chapter Summary	186	(1)
Key Concepts	187	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	188	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	188	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	189	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	189	(1)
Sexuality	190	(28)
Getting the Picture	191	(1)
What Is Sex?	192	(1)
Sex: A Biological Issue	192	(1)
Sex: A Cultural Issue	192	(1)
Sexual Attitudes in the United States	192	(1)
A Defining Moment
Alfred Kinsey: Talking Openly about Sex	193	(2)
The Sexual Revolution	193	(1)
The Sexual Counterrevolution	194	(1)
Sexual Orientation	195	(3)
Homosexuality	195	(1)
What Gives Us a Sexual Orientation?	196	(1)
Homosexuality and Public Policy	197	(1)
Gay Marriage	197	(1)
The Gay Rights Movement	198	(1)
Pornography	198	(2)
Is Pornography a Social Problem?	199	(1)
Pornography and Violence	199	(1)
Sexual Harassment	200	(2)
Who Harasses Whom?	201	(1)
Must Harassment Harm Victims? Recent Court Cases	202	(1)
Prostitution	202	(2)
Prostitutes: A Profile	202	(1)
Arrests for Prostitution	202	(2)
Child Prostitution	204	(1)
Teenage Pregnancy	204	(2)
The Costs of Teenage Pregnancy	205	(1)
Sex Education: A Solution?	205	(1)
Abortion	206	(1)
Abortion: Looking Back	206	(1)
The Abortion Controversy Today	206	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	207	(3)
Gonorrhea and Syphilis	207	(1)
Genital Herpes	208	(1)
Aids	208	(2)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Sexuality	210	(3)
Structural-Functional Analysis: Controlling Sexuality	210	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: Defining Sexuality	211	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Sex and Power	212	(1)
Politics and Sexuality: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	213	(2)
Conservatives: The Value of Traditional Morality	213	(1)
Liberals: Sex and Individual Choice	213	(1)
Radicals: Go to the Root of the Problem	214	(1)
Going On From Here	215	(3)
Chapter Summary	215	(1)
Key Concepts	216	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	216	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	217	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	217	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	217	(1)
Alcohol and Other Drugs	218	(26)
Getting the Picture	219	(1)
What Is a Drug?	219	(2)
Drugs and Culture	220	(1)
Drugs and Social Diversity	220	(1)
Changing Views of Alcohol	221	(1)
The Extent of Drug Use	221	(2)
Why Do People Use Drugs?	222	(1)
Use and Abuse	222	(1)
Addiction and Dependency	222	(1)
Types of Drugs	223	(5)
Stimulants	223	(2)
Depressants	225	(2)
Hallucinogens	227	(1)
Cannabis	227	(1)
Steroids	228	(1)
Prescription Drugs	228	(1)
Drugs and Other Social Problems	228	(4)
Problems of Family Life	228	(1)
Homelessness	229	(1)
Health Problems	230	(1)
Crime	230	(1)
Global Poverty	231	(1)
Terrorism	232	(1)
Social Policy: Responding to the Drug Problem	232	(2)
Strategies to Control Drugs	232	(2)
A Defining Moment
Bill Wilson: Alcoholics Can Learn to Be Sober	234	(4)
The War on Drugs	234	(2)
Counterpoint: Decriminalization	236	(2)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Drug-Related Social Problems	238	(1)
Structural-Functional Analysis: Regulating Drug Use	238	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: The Meaning of Drug Use	238	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Power and Drug Use	239	(1)
Politics and Drugs: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	239	(1)
Conservatives: Just Say No	239	(1)
Liberals: Reform Society	240	(1)
Radical Views: Right-Wing Libertarians and the Far Left	240	(1)
Going On From Here	240	(4)
Chapter Summary	241	(1)
Key Concepts	242	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	242	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	243	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	243	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	243	(1)
Physical and Mental Health	244	(28)
Getting the Picture	245	(1)
Health and Illness: A Global Perspective	246	(3)
High-Income Nations	246	(1)
Low-Income Nations	247	(1)
Rich and Poor Compared: The AIDS Epidemic	247	(2)
Health Policy: Paying for Care	249	(3)
Socialist Systems	250	(1)
Capitalist Systems	250	(2)
Health Care in the United States: A System in Crisis?	252	(7)
The Cost Problem	252	(1)
Who Pays?	253	(2)
The Coverage Problem	255	(1)
Health: Class, Ethnicity, and Race	256	(1)
Health: The Importance of Gender	257	(1)
People with Disabilities	258	(1)
The Nursing Shortage	259	(1)
Mental Health and Illness	259	(4)
Types of Mental Disorders	260	(1)
Mental Illness: A Myth?	260	(1)
Mental Illness: Class, Race, and Gender	260	(2)
Treatment Strategies	262	(1)
A Defining Moment
Dorothea Dix: Changing Society's View of People with Mental Illnesses	263	(2)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Health Problems	265	(1)
Structural-Functional Analysis: Health and Social Roles	265	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: The Meaning of Health	265	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Health and Inequality	266	(1)
Politics and Health: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	266	(1)
Conservatives: Free-Market Care	266	(1)
Liberals: Government Care	267	(1)
Radicals: Capitalism Is Unhealthy	267	(1)
Going On From Here	267	(5)
Chapter Summary	269	(1)
Key Concepts	270	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	270	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	270	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	271	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	271	(1)
Part IV Problems of Social Institutions
Economy and Politics	272	(24)
Getting the Picture	273	(1)
Economic Systems: Defining Justice, Defining Problems	274	(2)
The Capitalist Model	274	(1)
The Socialist Model	275	(1)
Mixed Systems	275	(1)
The Economy and Politics	276	(2)
Problems of the U.S. Political Economy	278	(4)
The Power of Corporations	278	(1)
Monopoly and Oligopoly	279	(1)
Conglomerates and Other Linkages	280	(1)
The Power of Money	280	(1)
Campaign Financing	280	(2)
A Defining Moment
Doris Haddock: Sparking a Movement for Campaign Finance Reform	282	(4)
Voter Apathy	283	(1)
Who Votes? Class, Age, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender	284	(1)
The Gender Gap: Seeing Things Differently	284	(1)
Social Movements: How Much Change?	285	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Economic and Political Problems	286	(2)
Structural-Functional Analysis: Rule by the Many	286	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Rule by the Few	287	(1)
Economics and Politics: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	288	(3)
Conservatives: The System Is Working	288	(1)
Liberals: The Need for Reform	289	(1)
Radicals: A Call for Basic Change	289	(2)
Going On From Here	291	(5)
Chapter Summary	292	(1)
Key Concepts	293	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	294	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	294	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	295	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	295	(1)
Work and the Workplace	296	(26)
Getting the Picture	297	(1)
The Importance of Work	298	(1)
Structural Changes in the U.S. Economy	298	(2)
The Industrial Revolution	298	(1)
The Information Revolution	299	(1)
Deindustrialization	300	(1)
Globalization	300	(1)
Other Problems of the U.S. Workplace	300	(10)
The Dual Labor Market	301	(1)
Danger to Workers	301	(2)
Workplace Alienation	303	(1)
McDonaldization and ``McJobs''	304	(2)
The Temping of the Workplace	306	(1)
Unemployment	306	(1)
Race, Ethnicity, and Gender	307	(1)
Workplace Segregation	308	(1)
Union Decline	309	(1)
A Defining Moment
Eugene Debs: Standing Up for the Union	310	(1)
New Information Technology: The Brave New Workplace	311	(3)
Telecommuting	311	(1)
Workplace Isolation	312	(1)
Controlling Employees	312	(1)
``Deskilling'' Workers	312	(2)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Work-Related Problems	314	(2)
Structural-Functional Analysis: Finding a New Equilibrium	314	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: The Meaning of Work	315	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Work and Inequality	315	(1)
Politics and the Workplace: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	316	(1)
Conservatives: Look to the Market	316	(1)
Liberals: Look to Government	316	(1)
Radicals: Basic Change Is Needed	317	(1)
Going On From Here	317	(5)
Chapter Summary	319	(1)
Key Concepts	320	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	320	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	321	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	321	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	321	(1)
Family Life	322	(22)
Getting the Picture	323	(1)
What Is a Family?	324	(1)
Debate over Definitions	324	(1)
A Sociological Approach to Family Problems	324	(1)
Controversies over Family Life	325	(10)
Living Together: Do We Need to Marry?	325	(1)
Postponing Marriage	326	(1)
Parenting: Is One Enough?	326	(1)
Families, Race, and Poverty	327	(1)
Conflict between Work and Family Life	328	(1)
Child Care	329	(1)
Divorce	330	(3)
Child Support	333	(1)
Remarriage: Problems of Blended Families	334	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Families	334	(1)
A Defining Moment
Axil and Eigil Axgil: Changing the Marriage Rules	335	(2)
Brave New Families: High-Tech Reproduction	336	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Family Problems	337	(1)
Structural-Functional Analysis: Family as Foundation	337	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: Family and Learning	337	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Family and Inequality	338	(1)
Politics and Family Life: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	338	(3)
Conservatives: Traditional ``Family Values''	338	(1)
Liberals: Many Kinds of Families	339	(1)
Radicals: Replace the Family	339	(2)
Going On From Here	341	(3)
Chapter Summary	341	(1)
Key Concepts	342	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	343	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	343	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	343	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	343	(1)
Education	344	(26)
Getting the Picture	345	(1)
Problems of Education: A Global Perspective	346	(3)
Low-Income Countries: Too Little Schooling	346	(1)
High-Income Countries: Unequal Schooling	347	(1)
Education in U.S. History	348	(1)
Problems with U.S. Education	349	(5)
The Academic Performance of U.S. Schools	349	(2)
Dropping Out	351	(1)
Functional Illiteracy	352	(1)
School Segregation and Busing	352	(2)
A Defining Moment
Linda Brown: Fighting to Desegregate the Schools	354	(7)
School Funding	354	(2)
Tracking	356	(1)
Gender Inequality	357	(1)
Immigration: Increasing Diversity	357	(2)
Schooling People with Disabilities	359	(1)
The Teacher Shortage	360	(1)
School Violence	360	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Educational Problems	361	(2)
Structural-Functional Analysis: The Functions of Schooling	361	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: Labels in the Schools	361	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Schooling and Inequality	362	(1)
Politics and Education: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	363	(3)
Conservatives: Increase Competition	363	(1)
Liberals: Increase Special Programs	364	(1)
Radicals: Attack Structural Inequality	365	(1)
Going On From Here	366	(4)
Chapter Summary	367	(1)
Key Concepts	368	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	369	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	369	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	369	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	369	(1)
Urban Life	370	(24)
Getting the Picture	371	(1)
Cities in the Past	372	(1)
Colonial Villages: 1565--1800	372	(1)
Westward Expansion: 1800--1860	372	(1)
The Industrial Metropolis: 1860--1950	372	(1)
Postindustrial Cities and Suburbs: 1950--Present	373	(1)
Problems of Today's Cities	373	(5)
Fiscal Problems	373	(1)
Urban Sprawl	374	(1)
Poverty	375	(1)
Housing Problems	375	(3)
A Defining Moment
Jacob Riis: Revealing the Horror of the Tenements	378	(6)
Racial Segregation	379	(1)
Homelessness	380	(1)
Snowbelt and Sunbelt Cities	381	(1)
Cities and Terrorism	382	(1)
Cities in Poor Countries	383	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Urban Problems	384	(3)
Structural-Functional Analysis: A Theory of Urbanism	384	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: Experiencing the City	385	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Cities and Inequality	386	(1)
Politics and Urban Life: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	387	(3)
Conservatives: The Market and Morality	387	(1)
Liberals: Government Reform	388	(1)
Radicals: The Need for Basic Change	389	(1)
Going On From Here	390	(4)
Chapter Summary	391	(1)
Key Concepts	392	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	392	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	393	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	393	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	393	(1)
Part V Global Problems
Population and Global Inequality	394	(28)
Getting the Picture	395	(1)
Global Population Increase	396	(6)
Population by the Numbers	396	(1)
Causes of Population Increase	396	(3)
Measuring Population Increase	399	(3)
A Defining Moment
Thomas Robert Malthus: Claiming Population Is a Problem	402	(2)
Explaining the Population Problem: Malthusian Theory	403	(1)
A More Recent Approach: Demographic Transition Theory	403	(1)
Global Inequality	404	(5)
High-Income Nations	405	(1)
Middle-Income Nations	405	(1)
Low-Income Nations	405	(2)
The World's Poverty Problem	407	(1)
Poverty and Children	407	(1)
Poverty and Women	408	(1)
Slavery	408	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Global Inequality	409	(4)
Structural-Functional Analysis: The Process of Modernization	409	(2)
Social-Conflict Analysis: The Global Economic System	411	(2)
Politics and Global Inequality: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	413	(5)
Conservatives: The Power of the Market	413	(1)
Liberals: Governments Must Act	414	(2)
Radicals: End Global Capitalism	416	(2)
Going On From Here	418	(4)
Chapter Summary	419	(1)
Key Concepts	419	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	420	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	420	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	421	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	421	(1)
Technology and the Environment	422	(24)
Getting the Picture	423	(1)
Ecology: Studying the Natural Environment	424	(4)
The Role of Sociology	424	(1)
The Global Dimension	424	(1)
The Rising Power of Technology	424	(2)
Population Increase	426	(1)
Cultural Patterns: Growth and Limits	427	(1)
Environmental Problems	428	(1)
Solid Waste: The Disposable Society	428	(1)
A Defining Moment
Rachel Carson: Sounding an Environmental Wake-Up Call	429	(6)
Preserving Clean Water	430	(3)
Air Pollution	433	(1)
Acid Rain	433	(1)
The Disappearing Rain Forests	434	(1)
Global Warming	434	(1)
Declining Biodiversity	435	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding Environmental Problems	435	(3)
Structural-Functional Analysis: Highlighting Connections	435	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Highlighting Inequality	436	(2)
Politics and the Environment: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	438	(3)
Conservatives: Grounds for Optimism	438	(1)
Liberals: Grounds for Concern	438	(3)
Radicals: Grounds for Fundamental Change	441	(1)
Going On From Here	441	(5)
Chapter Summary	442	(1)
Key Concepts	443	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	444	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	444	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	444	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	445	(1)
War and Terrorism	446	(23)
Getting the Picture	447	(1)
War and Peace: Basic Definitions	447	(9)
The Increasing Destruction of War	448	(1)
The Causes of War	448	(2)
The Economic Costs of Militarism	450	(1)
The Economic Costs of War	450	(1)
The Human Costs of War	450	(3)
War in the Nuclear Age	453	(1)
Strategies for Peace	454	(2)
A Defining Moment
Mohandas Gandhi: Spreading a Message of Peace	456	(1)
Terrorism	456	(4)
The Extent of Terrorism	457	(1)
The Costs of Terrorism	458	(1)
Terrorism as a Type of War	458	(1)
Strategies for Dealing with Terrorism	459	(1)
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding War and Terrorism	460	(3)
Biological Theories of Conflict	460	(1)
Structural-Functional Analysis: The Functions of Conflict	461	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: The Meanings of Conflict	462	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: Inequality and Conflict	463	(1)
Politics and War: Constructing Problems and Defining Solutions	463	(2)
Conservatives: Strength Means Security	463	(1)
Liberals: The Dangers of Militarism	464	(1)
Radicals: The Need for Justice	464	(1)
Going On From Here	465	(4)
Chapter Summary	466	(1)
Key Concepts	467	(1)
Thinking Critically: Questions and Issues	468	(1)
Getting Involved: Learning Activities	468	(1)
Getting Connected: Useful Web Links	468	(1)
Getting Started on Your Own: Research Navigator™	468	(1)
Glossary	469	(6)
References	475	(27)
Photo Credits	502	(1)
About the Author	503	(1)
Name Index	504	(6)
Subject Index	510