Social Statistics : An Introduction Using SPSS

by Kendrick, Richard J.

• ISBN13: 9780205395088
• ISBN10: 0205395082
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-05-14
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This introduction to social statistics, with clear, well-illustrated instructions for using SPSS software, emphasizes the interpretation of statistics and applications to real-world situations. The book presents many opportunities to practice the computational skills for statistics, both manually and using the computer.

Table of Contents

Preface

Getting Started: Fundamentals of Research Design

The Process of Social Research

Fundamentals of Research Design

Introducing SPSS Student Version 11.0 for Windows

Levels of Measurement

Classifying Variables by Levels of Measurement

Classifying Variables as Discrete or Continuous Variables

Creating an SPSS Data File

Preparing the Survey Questions

Setting Up (Defining) Data in the SPSS Program

Adding the ID Variable

Entering and Checking Data

Saving Your Data

Analyzing Frequency Distributions

What is a Frequency Distribution?

Constructing a Frequency Distribution by Hand

Counting the Responses

Computing the Percentages of Response

Obtaining a Frequency Distribution Using SPSS. Splitting a Data File

Using Charts and Graphs to Analyze Distributions

Recoding

Measures of Central Tendency

The Mode

The Median

The Mean

Characteristics of the Mean, Median, and Mode

Using Mean, Median, and Mode to Analyze Distributions: Are They Normal or Not?

Finding Measures of Central Tendency Using SPSS. Using Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Index of Qualitative Variation

The Range and the Interquartile Range

Mean Deviation, Variance, and Standard Deviation

Finding and Interpreting Measures of Dispersion Using SPSS. Using Measures of Dispersion

An Introduction to Making Inferences

The Normal Distribution Revisited: Z Scores

Sample Statistics

SPSS Guide: Finding Z Scores

SPSS Guide: Finding the Standard Error of the Mean

Making Inferences for Single Variables

Point Estimates, Confidence Intervals, and Confidence Levels for Means

Confidence Intervals and Levels for Percentages

SPSS Guide: Finding Confidence Intervals for Means Interpretation

Specifying Confidence Levels Using SPSS. SPSS Guide: Specifying Confidence Levels

Using SPSS to Find Confidence Intervals and Levels for Proportions

Analyzing Contingency Tables

Understanding a Contingency Table

Setting Up a Contingency Table By Hand

Interpreting Contingency Tables

Producing Contingency Tables Using SPSS

Writing Up Your Contingency Table Analysis

Measures of Association for Contingency Tables

Measures of Association for Nominal Variables

Measures of Association for Ordinal Variables

Using SPSS to Find and Interpret Measures of Association

Controlling for a Third Variable

Making Inferences for Associations Between Categorical Variables: Chi-Square

Core Concepts for Hypothesis Testing

Calculating and Interpreting the Test Statistic for Contingency Tables: Chi Square (X2)

Finding and Interpreting Chi-Square Statistics Using SPSS

Measures of Association for Numerical Variables

Comparing Means

Regression Analysis

Evaluating Associations Between Variables Using SPSS. Controlling for Third Variables

Using Measures of Association

Making Inferences Involving Numerical Variables

Core Concepts for Hypothesis Testing With Numerical Variables

Testing Pearsons r for Significance

Testing Differences in Means for Statistical Significance

Differences in Means for Two Samples: The Independent Samples t Test

Analysis of Variance

Using SPSS for Inferential Statistics Involving Numerical Variables

Area Under the Normal Curve

Distribution of the Critical Values of Chi-Square

Distribution of the Critical Values of Students t

Distribution of the Critical Values of F

Codebook for the GSS 2002 subset A File

Bells and Whistles: Advanced Features of SPSS

Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

Credits

Glossary

Index

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