Social Welfare : A History of the American Response to Need

by Axinn, June; Stern, Mark J.

• ISBN13: 9780801330407
• ISBN10: 0801330408
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This classic text describes and analyzes the ideas that have shaped the history of social welfare from the Colonial Period to the present day. The text provides a history of events and ideas that have shaped American social welfare policy, using original documents from each respective period. Coverage of economic developments also helps students to understand the context of social welfare movements and policies. This edition includes an expanded discussion of welfare reform since the Welfare Reform Act of 1996. The last chapter (Ch. 9) includes a detailed discussion of the fiscal, intellectual, and ideological forces that led to that Act. The impact of the voluntarism and privatization movements on social welfare is covered in the new edition. The final chapter also includes expanded coverage of the immigration debate and trends in the justice system.

Author Biography

June Axinn is Professor Emeritus at University of Pennsylvania.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(13)
DOCUMENT: Introduction	9	(1)
An Act for the Relief of the Poor, 43 Elizabeth, 1601	9	(5)
The Colonial Period: 1647-1776	14	(23)
The Poor Laws in the Colonies	15	(8)
Conquest, Expansion, and Population Growth: Native Americans, Immigration, and Slavery	23	(6)
Challenge to the Poor Laws	29	(1)
Veterans: A Special Class	30	(2)
DOCUMENTS: The Colonial Period	32	(1)
An Act of Supplement to the Acts Referring to the Poor, Massachusetts Bay, 1692	32	(2)
The Binding of Moses Love, 1747	34	(3)
The Pre-Civil War Period: 1777-1860	37	(45)
Labor and Economic Security	42	(2)
The Reform Movements	44	(5)
Institutions, Almshouses, and Paupers	49	(8)
Child Saving	57	(4)
Retreat from the Almshouse	61	(2)
DOCUMENTS: The Pre-Civil War Period	63	(1)
First Annual Report, Society for the Prevention of Pauperism in New York City, 1818	64	(7)
Constitution and By-Laws, Female Orphan Asylum of Portland, Maine, 1828	71	(6)
President Franklin Pierce, Veto Message, Ten-Million Acre Bill, 1854	77	(5)
The Civil War and After: 1860-1900	82	(42)
Population Changes	83	(5)
Naturalization and Citizenship	84	(2)
Regional Shifts	86	(2)
The Welfare of Soldiers and Veterans	88	(2)
Social Welfare: The Rural South	90	(4)
Social Welfare: Urban Problems	94	(2)
The Charity Organization Movement	96	(5)
The Social Welfare of Women	101	(3)
A New View of Child Welfare	104	(4)
The Aging: The Group That Was Left Behind	108	(1)
The Settlement House Movement	109	(1)
Summary: The Nineteenth Century	110	(2)
DOCUMENTS: The Civil War and After	112	(1)
State of New York, Act to Provide for the Relief of Indigent Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines and the Families of Deceased Military Personnel, 1887	113	(1)
Josephine Shaw Lowell, ``The Economic and Moral Effects of Public Outdoor Relief,'' Proceedings, NCCC,1890	114	(2)
An Act to Prohibit the Coming of Chinese Laborers to the United States, September 13, 1888	116	(4)
An Act, A Supplement, October 1, 1888	120	(4)
Progress and Reform: 1900-1930	124	(44)
Poverty and the Working Class	126	(3)
Coalitions for Reform	129	(5)
Social Reform: Working Conditions	134	(3)
Social Reform: Women, Work, and Suffrage	137	(2)
Social Reform: Income Security	139	(2)
Social Reform: Family Welfare	141	(5)
Social Work and the Black Population	146	(1)
The End of Reform	147	(2)
The Social Welfare of Veterans	149	(2)
The Professionalization of Social Work	151	(3)
DOCUMENTS: Progress and Reform	154	(1)
Florence Kelley, ``The Family and the Woman's Wage,'' Proceedings, NCCC, 1909	155	(2)
Funds to Parents Act, Illinois, 1911	157	(1)
Frederic Almy et al., ``Public Pensions to Widows,'' Proceedings, NCCC, 1912	158	(10)
The Depression and the New Deal: 1930-1940	168	(53)
The Hoover Response to Crisis	170	(1)
FDR and the New Deal	171	(6)
Labor and Social Welfare	177	(2)
Veterans and the Bonus	179	(2)
Public Money for Relief	181
Federal Emergency Relief Administration	184	(188)
The Social Security Act	188	(2)
Social Insurance	190	(2)
Public Assistance	192	(2)
Family Life and Social Workers	194	(4)
New Alignments in Social Welfare	198	(2)
Conclusion	200	(2)
DOCUMENTS: The Depression and the New Deal	202	(1)
Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Monthly Report, Rules and Regulations, 1933	203	(5)
Social Security Act, 1935	208	(13)
War and Prosperity: 1940-1970	221	(48)
Population Shifts	223	(3)
Technology, Productivity, and Economic Insecurity	226	(2)
World War II	228	(3)
Wartime Economic and Social Advances	231	(2)
Veterans and the G.I. Bill	233	(1)
Postwar Optimism	234	(2)
The Attack on Public Welfare	236	(1)
Poverty and the Reform of Welfare	237	(7)
The War on Poverty	244	(3)
Expanded Benefits for the Aging	247	(1)
Reform of Welfare: 1967	248	(3)
Civil Rights and Juvenile Justice	251	(1)
DOCUMENTS: War and Prosperity	252	(1)
President John F. Kennedy, Message on Public Welfare, 1962	253	(5)
Economic Opportunity Act, 1964	258	(3)
U.S. Supreme Court, In re Gault, 1967	261	(8)
Economic and Social Stagnation: 1970-1990	269	(38)
Changing Employment Patterns	271	(1)
The Changing Family	272	(3)
Poverty and Income Distribution	275	(3)
The Battle over ``Rights''	278	(4)
Expenditures for Social Welfare	282	(2)
New Approaches to Income Security	284	(8)
Welfare Reform	284	(4)
The Aging	288	(3)
The Unemployed	291	(1)
Women	292	(2)
Veterans	294	(2)
DOCUMENTS: Economic and Social Stagnation	296	(1)
President Richard M. Nixon, Message on Reform in Welfare, 1969	297	(5)
Standard of Review for Termination of Disability Benefits, 1984	302	(5)
Social Welfare and the Information Society: The 1990s	307	(34)
The Economy: Productivity, Growth, and Employment	308	(1)
The Rich and the Poor	309	(1)
Poverty	310	(1)
Changes in Family Composition	311	(1)
The Family and Medical Leave Act: One Response to Changes in Family Structure	312	(1)
Population Shifts	312	(1)
Health Programs	313	(3)
The Problems	313	(1)
The Failure of Comprehensive Reform	314	(2)
Addressing Poverty and Dependency: The Scope of Welfare Reform	316	(7)
The Changing Dynamics of the Welfare Debate	317	(2)
The New Consensus over Welfare Reform	319	(1)
The Impact of Welfare Reform	320	(1)
Welfare Reform and ``Immigration Control''	321	(1)
The Return to Voluntarism and the Rise of Privatization	322	(1)
The Continuing Retreat from ``Rights''	323	(3)
Education	323	(1)
Affirmative Action in the Marketplace	324	(1)
Abortion	325	(1)
The Great Lockup	325	(1)
Conclusion	326	(2)
DOCUMENTS: Social Welfare and the Information Society	328	(1)
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996	329	(3)
State of California, Proposition 187, Illegal Aliens-Public Services, Verification, and Reporting, 1994	332	(3)
Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, Hopwood v. Texas, 1996	335	(6)
Index	341