Social Welfare : Politics and Public Policy

by DiNitto, Diana M.; Cummins, Linda K.

• ISBN13: 9780205375998
• ISBN10: 0205375995
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Acknowledged as the most comprehensive, easy-to-read introduction to social welfare available, this new edition focuses on the crucial aspects and concerns of American society in a post 9/11 environment. Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, Sixth Edition, addresses the current political aspects of policymaking and major social welfare programs, including public assistance, Social Security, disability, health insurance, and much more. The author also focuses on the effects such issues as racism, sexism, gay rights, and immigration have in the context of recent social welfare policies and programs. In addition, a wealth of updated instructor and student supplements give this text its celebrated advantage as a leader in the social welfare policy textbook market.

Author Biography

Diana M. DiNitto, The University of Texas at Austin

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
ONE Politics, Rationalism, and Social Welfare	1	(35)
Politics and Social Welfare Policy	1	(12)
What Constitutes Social Welfare Policy?	2	(3)
Social Welfare Policy: A Rational Approach	5	(2)
Social Welfare Policy: A Political Approach	7	(6)
The Policymaking Process	13	(6)
Agenda Setting	14	(1)
Nondecisions	14	(1)
The Mass Media	15	(1)
The Budget	16	(1)
Implementation	17	(2)
The Public and Social Welfare	19	(13)
Public Opinion	19	(1)
America's Capacity for Giving	20	(4)
Political Ideology and Social Welfare	24	(2)
Special Interests and Social Welfare	26	(5)
Globalism, Terrorism, and Social Welfare Policy	31	(1)
Summary	32	(4)
Two Government and Social Welfare	36	(44)
Historical Perspectives on Social Welfare	36	(9)
Elizabethan Poor Law	37	(1)
Early Relief in the United States	38	(1)
The Great Depression and the New Deal	39	(2)
The Great Society and the War on Poverty	41	(4)
The Expansion of Social Welfare	45	(3)
The Rural-to-Urban Migration	45	(1)
Residency Requirements Eliminated	45	(1)
Welfare Rights	46	(1)
Cost-of-Living Adjustments	47	(1)
The Graying of America	47	(1)
Increase in Single-Parent Families	48	(1)
Finances in the Welfare State	48	(5)
Types of Taxes	49	(2)
Who Pays? Who Benefits?	51	(1)
Tax Reform	52	(1)
The Reagan and Bush Years	53	(5)
The Supply Side	54	(1)
The New Federalism	55	(1)
The States as Laboratories	56	(1)
Privatizing Public Services	56	(1)
The Reagan-Bush Finale	57	(1)
The Presidential Years of Bill Clinton	58	(5)
Managing the Federal Debt	58	(4)
Clinton and Social Welfare	62	(1)
The Presidency of George W. Bush	63	(10)
Presidential Election 2000	63	(1)
Election Reform	64	(1)
The United States at War	65	(3)
Economic Troubles at Home	68	(3)
The Domestic Scene	71	(2)
Summary	73	(7)
THREE Defining Poverty: Where to Begin	80	(44)
What Is Poverty?	80	(14)
Poverty as Deprivation	81	(5)
Measuring Poverty: Let Me Count the Ways	86	(2)
Who Is Poor?	88	(4)
Poverty as Inequality (or Who Shrank the Middle Class?)	92	(2)
Why Are the Poor, Poor?	94	(8)
Poverty as Lack of Human Capital	94	(3)
Poverty as Culture	97	(1)
Poverty as Exploitation	98	(2)
Poverty as Structure	100	(2)
Poor and Homeless: Not Invisible Any More	102	(10)
Who Is Homeless?	103	(5)
Affordable Housing	108	(4)
A Fundamental Shift	112	(6)
Doesn't Welfare Cause Poverty?	114	(2)
Poverty or Dependency? The Debate Rages On	116	(2)
Summary	118	(6)
FOUR Preventing Poverty: The Social Insurance Programs	124	(643)
Preventing Poverty through Compulsory Savings	124	(22)
The Social Security Act	125	(2)
Social Security: The World's Largest Social Welfare Program	127	(2)
Even the Best-Laid Plans	129	(6)
Achieving the Goals of Social Security: Adequacy and Equity	135	(7)
Keeping the Wolves from the Door	142	(1)
Options for Reform	142	(3)
What Happens If OASDI Becomes Exhausted?	145	(1)
Unemployment Insurance	146	(5)
What Is Unemployment?	148	(1)
Who Gets Counted as Unemployed?	149	(2)
Workers' Compensation	151	(3)
Summary	154	(613)
FIVE Helping the "Deserving Poor": Aged, Blind, and Disabled	767
Public Assistance for the Deserving Poor	162	(11)
The Federal Government Steps In	163	(1)
How SSI Works	163	(2)
Determining Who Is Disabled	165	(1)
SSI in Figures	166	(7)
Employment Supports for Individuals with Disabilities	173	(6)
Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Services	173	(1)
Eliminating Work Disincentives, Supporting Work	174	(5)
The Era of Civil Rights for Individuals with Disabilities	179	(7)
From Deinstitutionalization to Normalization and Inclusion	180	(1)
The Independent Living Movement	180	(1)
A New Bill of Rights for Individuals with Disabilities	181	(5)
Disability Policy for Children	186	(5)
Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act	189	(1)
Inclusion for Children with Disabilities	189	(2)
A Fair Definition of Disability, a Fair Policy	191	(1)
General Assistance: The State and Community Response to Welfare	192	(3)
Federalism and Social Welfare	195	(2)
Summary	197	(7)
SIX Ending Welfare As We Knew It: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families	204	(52)
From Mothers' Aid to AFDC	204	(3)
Mothers' Aid	205	(1)
Aid to Dependent Children	205	(1)
Ming to Keep Families Together with AFDC	205	(2)
Man-in-the-House Rules	207	(1)
Making Parents Pay: Child Support Enforcement	207	(10)
Parent Locator and Interstate Services	209	(1)
Establishing Paternity	210	(1)
Child Support Orders and Payment Collection	211	(4)
TANF and Child Support	215	(1)
Does Child Support Enforcement Matter?	216	(1)
The Reincarnations of Welfare and Work	217	(4)
Rehabilitation for Work	218	(1)
Job Training and WIN	218	(1)
Workfare	219	(1)
The JOBS Program	220	(1)
Why the Fuss about Welfare?	221	(25)
Recipients and Costs	225	(2)
Rethinking AFDC	227	(19)
Summary	246	(10)
SEVEN Fighting Hunger, Fighting Fat: Nutrition Policy and Programs in the United States	256	(37)
Nutrition Paradoxes	257	(8)
Fat, Not Fit, in the USA	257	(2)
Serving up Nutritional Advice	259	(2)
Who's in Charge of Nutrition?	261	(1)
The View from Anti-hunger Advocates	262	(2)
The View from Nutrition Advocates	264	(1)
Serving Up Nutritional Policy	265	(5)
Commodity Food Distribution	265	(1)
A New Food Stamp Program	266	(1)
Politics Discovers Hunger	266	(1)
Eliminating the Purchase Requirement	267	(1)
Politics Rediscovers Hunger	268	(2)
Food Stamp Program Operations	270	(13)
The Welfare Reform of 1996	270	(1)
Food Stamp Program Patricipation	271	(6)
Nutrition Programs across the Life Span	277	(1)
Meals for School Children	277	(6)
Nutrition Programs for Older Adults	283	(4)
More Nutrition Programs for Those in Need	284	(1)
EBT and the Cash versus In-Kind Debate	285	(2)
Summary	287	(6)
EIGHT Improving Healthcare: Treating the Nation's Ills	293	(56)
Good Health or Medical Attention?	294	(3)
Health Disparities	294	(3)
"Uninsurance"	297	(1)
U.S. Healthcare Policy	297	(24)
A Brief History	297	(5)
Medicaid: Healthcare for Some of the Poor	302	(8)
Other Routes to Healthcare for the Poor	310	(1)
Medicare: Healthcare for Almost All Older Americans	310	(11)
What Ails Healthcare?	321	(14)
Healthcare in International Perspective	321	(2)
The Nation's Healthcare Bill	323	(12)
Incrementalism and the Future of Healthcare Politics	335	(3)
Healthcare: Some Ethical Dilemmas	338	(5)
Healthcare Privacy	338	(1)
Healthcare Rationing	339	(1)
The "Right to Die" or the "Right to Life"?	339	(1)
Futile Care	340	(1)
Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide	341	(2)
Summary	343	(6)
NINE Changing Paradigms: The Poverty Wars	349	(35)
The Curative Strategy	350	(4)
LBJ and the Economic Opportunity Act	354	(5)
Community Action	355	(1)
Youth Education	356	(1)
Legal Services	356	(2)
More Office of Economic Opportunity Projects	358	(1)
The Great Society	358	(1)
Politics Overtakes the War on Poverty	359	(1)
Why Hasn't Head Start "Cured" Poverty?	360	(6)
Politics, Evaluation, and Head Start	361	(1)
Years Later	362	(1)
Leaving No Child Behind	363	(3)
Work and the Poverty Wars	366	(12)
CETA	366	(1)
JTPA	367	(4)
Workforce Investment Act (WIA)	371	(1)
Minimum Wages and Living Wages	372	(5)
Enterprise and Empowerment Zones	377	(1)
Building Communities through Service	378	(1)
Summary	379	(5)
TEN Providing Social Services: Help for Children, the Elderly, and Individuals with Mental Illness	384	(57)
Social Services in the United States	385	(3)
Who Provides Social Services?	385	(2)
The Development of Social Services	387	(1)
Social Services for Individuals with Alcohol, Drug, and Mental Disorders	388	(22)
Defining the Problems	388	(1)
Estimating Problems and Services	389	(2)
Achieving Treatment Parity	391	(1)
Finding Better Prevention and Treatment Approaches	392	(2)
The Public Mental Health System	394	(3)
A War on Drugs or on Drug Addicts?	397	(7)
Treatment and Civil Rights	404	(6)
Child Welfare Policy	410	(17)
Discovering Child Abuse	410	(3)
Extent of Child Maltreatment	413	(3)
Services for Abused and Neglected Children	416	(1)
A Brief History of Child Protection Legislation	417	(3)
Trends and Projections in Child Welfare Services	420	(1)
Preserving Families and Other Alternatives	421	(3)
Child Welfare: Help or Harm?	424	(3)
Social Services for Older Americans	427	(6)
The Older Americans Act	428	(4)
Guardianship	432	(1)
Summary	433	(8)
ELEVEN Addressing Civil Rights and Social Welfare: The Challenges of a Diverse Society	441	(70)
Gender Inequities	442	(24)
The Feminization of Poverty	442	(4)
The Wage Gap	446	(5)
Equality for Women	451	(2)
The Equal Rights Amendment	453	(1)
Caring for the Family	454	(2)
Addressing Sexual Harassment	456	(2)
No Middle Ground on Abortion Rights	458	(5)
Confronting Violence against Women	463	(3)
Gay Rights	466	(8)
An End to Sodomy Laws	466	(1)
Expanding the Gay Rights Agenda	467	(4)
Gays in the Military: Don't Ask, Don't Tell	471	(2)
The Rights of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender (GLBT) Youth	473	(1)
Racial Equality: How Far Have We Come?	474	(18)
Separate but Not Equal	475	(2)
The Civil Rights Act	477	(1)
Housing and Racial Discrimination	478	(3)
Affirmative Action	481	(5)
Voting Rights	486	(2)
The Marginalization of Native Americans	488	(2)
Racial Profiling	490	(1)
Civil Rights and the War on Terror	491	(1)
Immigration and Social Welfare	492	(8)
Immigration Policy	493	(2)
Immigration in a Post-September 11th Environment	495	(1)
How Much Immigration?	496	(4)
Summary	500	(11)
TWELVE Implementing and Evaluating Social Welfare Policy: What Happens after a Law Is Passed	511	(32)
The Politics of Implementation	512	(11)
Communications	512	(2)
Resources	514	(2)
Attitudes	516	(3)
Bureaucracy	519	(4)
Evaluating Social Policy	523	(17)
Policy Evaluation as a Rational Activity	525	(4)
Politics at Work: Evaluating Social Programs	529	(3)
The Many Faces of Program Evaluation	532	(6)
Policy Evaluation as a Political Activity	538	(2)
Summary	540	(3)
Name Index	543	(2)
Subject Index	545