Social Work, Social Welfare, and American Society

by Popple, Philip R.; Leighninger, Leslie

• ISBN13: 9780205335190
• ISBN10: 0205335195
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This text provides students with a political perspective on social welfare, with definitions of liberal, conservative, and radical positions, to help students better appreciate the political context of social welfare programs. This popular introductory text is written by two of the best-known authors in social work. The book discusses the values, ethics, and knowledge needed by social workers, as well as social workers' current roles in social welfare programs. Strong coverage of the history of social welfare movements throughout the text allows students to place developments in an historical context.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
Competing Perspectives on Social Welfare	1	(24)
Political Perspectives and Social Welfare Issues	3	(2)
The Worldview of Conservatives, Liberals, and Radicals	5	(17)
Attitudes toward Change	6	(1)
Views of Human Nature	7	(1)
Views of Individual Behavior	8	(1)
Views of the Family	9	(1)
Views of the Social System	10	(2)
Views of the Government and the Economic System	12	(3)
Focus on Diversity The PC Debate	15	(2)
Value Systems	17	(3)
Political Perspectives in the Real World	20	(2)
The Authors' Perspective	22	(1)
Web Sites on Political Perspectives	23	(1)
Endnotes	24	(1)
Social Welfare: Basic Concepts	25	(33)
Stigma and Social Welfare	27	(2)
Descriptive Definitions of Social Welfare	29	(2)
Social Welfare As Nonmarket Economic Transfers	29	(1)
Social Welfare As Services to Meet Basic Needs	30	(1)
A Functional Definition of Social Welfare	31	(14)
Social Structure	32	(1)
Social Work Destinations Presidential Libraries	33	(4)
Dependence, Interdependence, and the Social Welfare Institution	37	(5)
A Closer Look ``Welfare State Is Here to Stay''	42	(3)
George Will
A Classification of Social Welfare Services	45	(6)
Perspectives on Social Welfare	51	(3)
The Conservative Perspective	51	(1)
The Liberal Perspective	52	(1)
The Radical Perspective	52	(1)
Summary	53	(1)
Conclusion	54	(1)
Web Sites on Social Welfare---General Concepts	55	(1)
Endnotes	55	(3)
Social Work As a Profession	58	(46)
Social Work and Professionalism	59	(2)
Social Work's Historical Development	61	(20)
State Charitable Institutions	63	(1)
The Charity Organization Society	64	(2)
A Closer Look Josephine Shaw Lowell: Leader in the Charity Organization Society	66	(1)
A Closer Look Mary Richmond: Pioneer in Social Casework	67	(1)
The Social Settlement	67	(1)
Social Work Destinations Hull House	68	(2)
A Closer Look Lillian Wald, Graham Taylor, and Lugenia Burns Hope: Three Settlement Leaders	70	(1)
Growth of a Profession	71	(1)
A Closer Look Grace Abbott, Edith Abbott, and Sophonisba Breckinridge: Partners in Social Change and Development of a Profession	72	(1)
Diversity and Unification	73	(1)
A Closer Look George Haynes, Social Work Education, and the National Urban League	74	(1)
The Depression and the Development of Federal Social Welfare Programs	75	(1)
A Closer Look Jane Hoey	76	(2)
Continued Professional Growth	78	(1)
A Closer Look Important Dates in Social Work History	79	(2)
Social Work Values and Philosophical Base	81	(2)
Social Work Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas	83	(3)
Updating a Professional Code of Ethics: Interview with a Key Player	84	(1)
A Closer Look Excepts from the 1996 Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers	85	(1)
Social Work Methods	86	(2)
A Closer Look Social Work Roles	87	(1)
A Model of Social Work Practice	88	(2)
Practice Settings	90	(3)
Salaries and Job Opportunities	93	(1)
Social Work Education and Knowledge for Practice	94	(1)
Current Professional Issues	95	(3)
Social Work in the Larger Field of Social Welfare	98	(1)
Perspectives on Practice	98	(1)
Conclusion	99	(1)
Web Sites of Use to Social Workers	99	(1)
Endnotes	100	(4)
Generalist Social Work Practice	104	(28)
History and Development of Social Work Practice	105	(11)
The Evolution of Social Work Practice	107	(9)
Development of the Concept of Generalist Social Work	116	(2)
Generalist Practice	118	(5)
Definition	118	(3)
Skills	121	(1)
Relationship between Generalist and Specialized Practice	122	(1)
Case Management: A Major Skill for Generalist Practitioners	123	(4)
Definition	123	(1)
History	123	(1)
Skills	124	(2)
Institutional Framework	126	(1)
Advocacy	127	(1)
Practice Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas	127	(2)
Conclusion	129	(1)
Endnotes	130	(2)
Responses to Human Diversity	132	(45)
Definition of the Problem	135	(7)
Definition of Terms	142	(3)
Dynamics of Intergroup Relations	145	(3)
Perspectives	148	(1)
The Conservative Perspective	148	(1)
The Liberal Perspective	148	(1)
The Radical Perspective	149	(1)
History of Intergroup Relations in the United States	149	(9)
Social Workers, Social Welfare Institutions, and the ``New Immigration''	150	(2)
Social Workers, Social Welfare Institutions, and African Americans	152	(2)
A Closer Look The Destruction of a Black Community in Tulsa, Oklahoma	154	(1)
Social Workers, Social Welfare Institutions, and Women	155	(3)
Current Issues Regarding Social Welfare and Human Diversity	158	(9)
Multiculturalism	158	(1)
A Closer Look The Experience of Having a Mixed Heritage	159	(1)
Immigration	160	(2)
Affirmative Action	162	(2)
Separatism or Integration?	164	(3)
Social Work Roles Related to Diversity	167	(4)
Social Work Destinations Destinations to Enhance an Appreciation of Diversity	170	(1)
Web Sites on Diversity	171	(1)
Endnotes	172	(5)
Religion and Social Work	177	(35)
The Religious Roots of Social Welfare	179	(3)
Early Egyptian Roots	179	(1)
Jewish Roots	179	(1)
Muslim Roots	180	(1)
Christian Roots	181	(1)
The Religious Roots of Organized Social Work	182	(5)
Churches and the Charity Organization Society Movement	182	(1)
Churches and the Settlement House Movement	183	(1)
The Church and the Institutional Roots of Social Work	184	(1)
The Secularization of Social Work	185	(2)
The Reversal of Secularization?	187	(5)
Current Sectarian Services	192	(5)
Social Work and Religion---Uneasy Bedfellows	197	(10)
Should the Church Be Involved in Social Work and Social Welfare?	198	(1)
Conservative Religion and Social Change	199	(2)
Focus on Diversity The African American Church and the Civil Rights Movement	201	(2)
Social Work Values and Christian Values---Conflict or Consensus?	203	(3)
A Closer Look Guidelines from the North American Association of Christians in Social Work	206	(1)
Conclusion	207	(1)
Web Sites Related to Social Work and Religion	208	(1)
Endnotes	209	(3)
Poverty: The Central Concept	212	(33)
Poverty: Major Issues and Common Terms	216	(1)
Rich Country, Poor Country	217	(12)
The Measurement of Economic Inequality	217	(3)
The Distribution of Income and Wealth in the United States	220	(3)
Trends in the Distribution of Wealth and Income	223	(3)
Focus on Diversity Race, Ethnicity, and Increasing Inequality	226	(1)
Perspectives on Inequality	226	(3)
Poverty---the Dark Side of Inequality	229	(13)
The Definition of Poverty	229	(4)
A Closer Look Poverty Definition Quiz	233	(1)
The Official Poverty Line in the United States	234	(2)
Issues and Perspectives in Measuring and Defining Poverty	236	(4)
Experimental Poverty Measures	240	(2)
Conclusion	242	(1)
Web Sites Related to the Concept of Poverty	243	(1)
Endnotes	243	(2)
The Nature and Causes of Poverty	245	(37)
Who Are the Poor?	247	(7)
Statistical Description of the Poverty Population	248	(3)
Different Types of Poverty	251	(3)
Why Are the Poor Poor?	254	(24)
Poverty As the Result of Individual Characteristics	255	(1)
Genetic Inferiority	255	(4)
Cultural Explanations of Poverty	259	(3)
Focus on Diversity ``Welfare: A White Secret''	262	(3)
Barbara Ehrenreich
Critique of the Cultural Explanations	265	(5)
Structural Explanations of Poverty---Liberal Version	270	(6)
Critique of Liberal Structural Explanations	276	(1)
Structural Explanations of Poverty---Conservative Version	276	(1)
Critique of Conservative Structural Explanations	277	(1)
Conclusion	278	(1)
Web Sites Related to the Nature and Causes of Poverty	278	(1)
Endnotes	279	(3)
The Development of Antipoverty Programs	282	(33)
Historical Perspective on Antipoverty Efforts	284	(27)
English Roots	285	(3)
Colonial Years and the Era of the American Revolution	288	(3)
Early Years of the Republic, 1781--1860	291	(4)
Social Transformation, Reform, and Reaction, 1860--1930	295	(5)
Seeds of the Reluctant Welfare State, 1930--1940	300	(3)
The Return of Prosperity, 1940--1960	303	(1)
Reform and Reaction, 1960--1988	303	(2)
A Closer Look ``War on Poverty Not a Failure''	305	(3)
William Raspberry
A New Era for Antipoverty Policy	308	(3)
Conclusion	311	(1)
Web Sites Related to Antipoverty Programs	312	(1)
Endnotes	313	(2)
Child Welfare	315	(47)
Definition	317	(4)
Statistical Profile	321	(4)
Dynamics	325	(5)
A Closer Look Incidents Defined As Child Maltreatment	326	(4)
Historical Perspective	330	(9)
The Emergence of Concern for Children	330	(2)
The Development of Child Welfare Services	332	(7)
Current Issues and Trends	339	(8)
Emphasis on Permanency Planning	339	(3)
Emphasis on Family Preservation	342	(2)
Reaction to Family Preservation	344	(1)
Class Action Lawsuits on Behalf of Children in Foster Care	345	(1)
Separation of Investigation from Service	346	(1)
Return to the Orphanage	346	(1)
Perspectives	347	(6)
Conceptions of Appropriate Discipline	347	(2)
The Causation of Maltreatment	349	(1)
Rights of Children, Parents, and the Government	350	(3)
Social Work Roles	353	(3)
Direct Services in Public Child Welfare	354	(2)
Private Agencies	356	(1)
Conclusion	356	(1)
Web Sites on Child Welfare	357	(1)
Endnotes	357	(5)
Crime and Criminal Justice	362	(48)
Perspectives on Criminal Justice	366	(4)
The Conservative Perspective	366	(2)
The Liberal Perspective	368	(1)
The Radical Perspective	369	(1)
Definition	370	(6)
Legal Definitions of Crime	370	(2)
Crime As a Social Welfare Problem	372	(4)
Statistical Profile	376	(6)
Problems with Crime Statistics	376	(1)
Patterns of Crime	376	(5)
Social Welfare and Crime	381	(1)
Dynamics	382	(9)
Control Theories	382	(4)
Cultural Theories	386	(3)
Social Victim Theories	389	(2)
A Brief History of Criminal Justice	391	(5)
Prisons---the First Reform	391	(1)
The Indeterminate Sentence and Parole	392	(2)
Probation	394	(1)
The Concept of Delinquency and the Juvenile Court	394	(1)
Criminal Justice Reform---Rhetoric and Reality	395	(1)
Current Issues	396	(4)
Prisons	396	(1)
Parole	397	(1)
Probation	398	(1)
Diversion	398	(1)
Intermediate Sanctions	399	(1)
Abandoning Rehabilitation?	400	(1)
Social Work Roles	400	(5)
Treatment Programs outside the Criminal Justice System	402	(1)
Victim Assistance	402	(2)
Victim-Offender Mediation	404	(1)
Police Work As Social Work	404	(1)
Conclusion	405	(1)
Web Sites Related to Crime and Criminal Justice	406	(1)
Endnotes	406	(4)
Health Care	410	(45)
Definitions of Health and Illness	412	(1)
Statistical Picture of Health Care	413	(9)
Health and Socioeconomic Factors	419	(2)
Focus on Diversity Diabetes among the Oglala Sioux	421	(1)
Dynamics of Health and Illness	422	(3)
History of Health Care	425	(13)
The Rise of Scientific Medicine	426	(2)
Medical Social Work	428	(2)
Health Care in the 1960s and 1970s	430	(8)
Current Issues and Trends	438	(7)
Managed Care	438	(2)
The Business of Health Care	440	(4)
Government Action to Improve Health Care	444	(1)
Perspectives	445	(1)
The Conservative Perspective	445	(1)
The Liberal Perspective	446	(1)
The Radical Perspective	446	(1)
Social Work Roles	446	(3)
Conclusion	449	(1)
Web Sites on Health	450	(1)
Endnotes	450	(5)
Mental Health and Developmental Disability	455	(57)
Issues in Definition	458	(1)
Definitions of Mental Illness	459	(3)
Mental Illness As the Absence of Mental Health	459	(1)
Mental Illness As Disease	460	(1)
A Closer Look From the DSM--IV: ``Diagnostic Criteria for 300.23, Social Phobia''	461	(1)
Mental Illness As a Reaction to Life's Problems	462	(1)
Mental Illness As a Label Assigned by Others	462	(1)
Dynamics of Mental Illness	462	(5)
A Closer Look ``On Being Sane in Insane Places''	463	(1)
Physiological Explanations	463	(1)
Psychological Explanations	464	(1)
Behavioral Explanations	465	(1)
Environmental and Sociological Explanations	465	(2)
Statistical Picture of Mental Illness	467	(3)
Focus on Diversity Race, Diagnosis, and Commitment	469	(1)
Definitions of Developmental Disability	470	(3)
Dynamics of Developmental Disability	473	(1)
Statistical Picture of Developmental Disability	474	(1)
Historical Perspectives on Mental Illness	475	(9)
Social Work Destinations The Public Hospital, Williamsburg, Virginia	476	(3)
A Closer Look Clifford W. Beers: A Mind That Found Itself	479	(2)
A Closer Look The Snake Pit	481	(3)
Historical Perspectives on Developmental Disability	484	(4)
A Closer Look From The Mismeasure of Man	487	(1)
Stephen Jay Gould
Current Issues and Trends	488	(11)
From Institution to Life in the Community	488	(6)
Community Services for Those with Mental Retardation	494	(1)
Advocacy and Consumer Organizations for the Mentally Ill	495	(1)
Mental Health Managed Care	496	(1)
Special Populations in the Field of Mental Health	497	(2)
Perspectives	499	(2)
The Conservative Perspective	500	(1)
The Liberal Perspective	500	(1)
The Radical Perspective	500	(1)
Social Work Roles in Mental Health and Developmental Disability	501	(4)
A Closer Look ``When Things Were Darkest, Peers Helped''	504	(1)
Conclusion	505	(1)
Web Sites on Mental Health	505	(1)
Endnotes	505	(7)
Housing, Homelessness, and Community Development	512	(56)
Robert D. Leighninger
Definitions of the Problem	514	(1)
Actors in the U.S. Housing Situation	515	(4)
Builders	515	(1)
Developers	515	(1)
Bankers	516	(1)
Insurance Companies	516	(1)
Government	516	(1)
Realtors	517	(1)
Landlords	517	(1)
Community Groups	518	(1)
Advocacy Organizations	518	(1)
Research	518	(1)
Statistical Picture of Housing	519	(4)
Dynamics of Housing	523	(4)
A Closer Look Checkerboard Square	525	(1)
Commodity or Right?	526	(1)
Residential Segregation	526	(1)
History of Housing	527	(11)
Housing Trends from the Mid-1800s through the 1920s	527	(3)
The Origins of Modern Housing Policy	530	(2)
Housing Policy after the New Deal	532	(1)
``Urban Renewal''	532	(1)
The Age of HUD	533	(1)
A Closer Look The Destruction of Pruitt--Igoe	534	(4)
Current Issues and Trends	538	(18)
Homelessness	538	(1)
Community Responses	539	(1)
Design	540	(2)
Triage	542	(1)
Sprawl	542	(3)
Community Development	545	(1)
Gender and Household Stereotypes	546	(1)
The Retreat from Public Life	547	(1)
Focus on Diversity Housing for People with Special Needs	548	(5)
Social Work Destinations Early Housing, Early Public Housing, Innovative Public Housing, New Urbanism, and Another Resource	553	(1)
Social Work and Community Development	554	(1)
Renewing Civility	555	(1)
Perspectives	556	(2)
The Conservative Perspective	556	(1)
The Liberal Perspective	557	(1)
The Radical Perspective	557	(1)
Social Work Roles	558	(2)
A Closer Look A New Kind of Community Organizing	560	(1)
Web Sites on Housing and Community Development	560	(1)
Endnotes	561	(7)
Aging	568	(43)
Definitions of Aging	570	(1)
Statistical Picture of Aging	571	(8)
Living Arrangements	575	(1)
Income	575	(2)
Health	577	(2)
Government Expenditures for the Elderly	579	(1)
Summary	579	(1)
Dynamics: Causes and Effects of Aging	579	(6)
Biological Theories	580	(1)
Social Psychological Theories of Aging	581	(2)
Sociological Theories of Aging	583	(1)
Focus on Diversity Women and Aging	584	(1)
History of Aging in America	585	(6)
Current Issues and Trends	591	(11)
Government Programs for Older Americans: Can They Be Maintained?	591	(5)
Long-Term Care	596	(3)
Community Services for the Aging: Problems of Coordination	599	(1)
Ageism and Advocacy	600	(1)
A Closer Look ``Harassing the Elderly''	600	(2)
Karen DeCrow
Perspectives	602	(2)
The Conservative Perspective	603	(1)
The Liberal Perspective	603	(1)
The Radical Perspective	603	(1)
Social Work Roles	604	(1)
Conclusion	605	(1)
Web Sites on Aging	605	(1)
Endnotes	606	(5)
Developing Your Own Perspective on Social Welfare	611	(3)
Name Index	614	(5)
Subject Index	619