Sociology: The Core, with PowerWeb

by Hughes, Michael; Kroehler, Carolyn J.

• ISBN13: 9780072996364
• ISBN10: 0072996366
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-17
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

Highly respected for its quality scholarship and its focused, straightforward approach, Sociology: The Core covers the core sociological concepts with a brief, accessible presentation and at a very affordable price. As in previous editions, the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives are applied throughout the book, allowing students to develop a solid understanding of the major sociological perspectives and their applications to the topics covered. Completely updated, Sociology: The Core makes sociology come alive as a vital and exciting field, relates principles to real-world circumstances, and attunes students to the dynamic processes of our rapidly changing contemporary society.

Table of Contents

List of Boxes

Preface

Acknowledgements

Visual Preview

Chapter One: Developing a Sociological Consciousness

The Sociological Perspective

New Levels of Reality

The Sociological Imagination

Microsociology and Macrosociology

The Development of Sociology

Auguste Comte: The Founder of Sociology

Harriet Martineau: Feminist and Methodologist

Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism

Karl Marx: The Role of Class Conflict

Emile Durkheim: Social Integration and Social Facts

Max Weber: Subjectivity and Social Organization

American Sociology

Contemporary Sociology

Theoretical Perspectives

The Functionalist Perspective

The Conflict Perspective

The Interactionist Perspective

Using the Three Perspectives

Conducting Research

The Logic of Science

How Do Sociologists Collect Data?

Steps in the Scientific Method: A Close-Up Look

Research Ethics

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 1.1: Social Inequalities: Tallys Corner in the 21st Century

Box 1.2 Doing Social Research: Studying Global Inequality Right Here at Home

Chapter Two: Culture and Social Structure

Components of Culture

Norms

Values

Symbols and Language

Cultural Unity and Diversity

Cultural Universals

Cultural Integration

Ethnocentrism

Cultural Relativism

Subcultures and Countercultures

Social Structure

Statuses

Roles

Groups

Institutions

Societies

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

(NEW) Box 2.1 Doing Social Research: Is Culture Unique to Humans?

(New) Box 2.2 Sociology around the World: Is Today Tuesday? That Depends on Culture

Chapter Three: Socialization

Foundations for Socialization

Nature and Nurture

Theories of Socialization

Agents of Socialization

Social Communication

Definition of the Situation

The Self and Socialization

Charles Horton Cooley: The Looking Glass Self

George Herbert Mead: The Generalized Other

Erving Goffman: Impression Management

Socialization across the Life Course

Childhood

Adolescence

Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood

Later Adulthood

Death

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

(New) Box 3.1 Doing Social Research: Does High School Identity Affect Your Adult Life?

(New) Box 3.2 Sociology Around the World: What Makes You an Adult?

Chapter Four: Social groups and Formal Organizations

Group Relationships

Primary Groups and Secondary Groups

In-Groups and Out-Groups

Reference Groups

Group Dynamics

Group Size

Leadership

Social Loafing

Social Dilemmas

Groupthink

Conformity

Formal Organizations

Types of Formal Organizations

Bureaucracy: A Functional Approach to Organizations

Characteristics of Bureaucracies

Problems of Bureaucracy

Conflict and Interactionist Perspectives

Humanizing Bureaucracies

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 4.1 Social Inequalities: What Does Bias Come From?Sometimes, Almost Nothing

Box 4.2 Students Doing Sociology: Compete or Cooperate? The Prisoners Dilemma

(New) Box. 4.3 Doing Social Research: Reality TV and Conformity: The Experiment

Chapter Five: Deviance and Crime

The Nature of Deviance

Social Properties of Deviance

Social Control and Deviance

Theories of Deviance

Anomie Theory

Cultural Transmission Theory

Conflict Theory

Labeling Theory

Control Theory

Crime and the Criminal Justice System

Forms of Crime

Measuring Crime

Drugs and Crime

Women and Crime

The Criminal Justice System

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 5.1 Students Doing Sociology: Hay, Baby, Want Some Spit? The Social Construction of Deviance

Box 5.2 Doing Social Research: Drink 'til Your Sick: What Explains Binge Drinking?

Box 5.3 Social Inequalities: Race, Crime, and Punishment

Chapter Six: Social Stratification

Patterns of Social Stratification

Open and Closed Systems

Dimensions of Stratification

The American Class System

Is There Inequality in American Society?

Identifying Social Classes

The Significance of Social Classes

Poverty in the United States

Social Mobility

Forms of Social Mobility

Social Mobility and Status Attainment

What Is Happening to the American Dream?

Explanations of Social Stratification

The Functionalist Theory of Stratification

The Conflict Theory of Stratification

A Synthesis of Perspectives

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 6.1 Sociology around in the World: Is Race the Basis for an American Caste System?

Box 6.2 Doing Social Research: Income Inequality within Societies: A Look around the World

Box 6.3 Social Inequalities: Why do Doctors Deliver Babies?

Chapter Seven: Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity

Racial and Ethnic Stratification

Races

Ethnic Groups

Minority Groups

Prejudice and Discrimination

Prejudice

Discrimination

Institutional Discrimination

Patterns of Intergroup Relations: Assimilation and Pluralism

Assimilation

Pluralism

Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States

Hispanics/Latinos

African Americans

Native Americans

Asian Americans

White Ethnics

Sociological Perspectives on Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity

The Functionalist Perspective

The Conflict Perspective

The Interactionist Perspective

The Future of Ethnic and Minority Group Relations

Intergroup Relations

Ethnicity

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 7.1 Doing Social Research: Teasing Out Prejudiced Beliefs

Box 7.2 Social Inequality: Affirmative Action Affirmed by High Court

Box 7.3 Sociology around the World: Model Minorities--Does Class or Values Spell Success?

Chapter Eight: Gender Inequality

Gender Stratification

Sexism and Patriarchy

Gender Inequality around the World

Gender Inequality in the United States

The Second Shift

Sources of Gender Differences

Gender and Biology

Gender and Culture

Gender Identities

Sociological Perspectives on Gender Stratification

The Functionalist Perspective

The Conflict Perspective

The Interactionist Perspective

The Feminist Perspective

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 8.1 Social Inequalities: For Gender Equality, It Matters Where you Live

Box 8.2 Doing Social Research: How Many People Get Raped?

Box 8.3 Students Doing Sociology: Theres a Totally Cute Girl Smoking a ___ing Cigar!

Chapter Nine: Political and Economic Power

Power, Authority, and the State

The State

Sociological Perspectives on the State

Legitimacy and Authority

Political Power

Types of Government

Political Power in the United States

Models of Power in the United States

Economic Power

Comparative Economic Systems

Transition from a Command to a Market Economy

The Power of Corporations

The Power of National Corporations

The Power of Multinational Corporations in the Global Economy

The Control of Corporations

The Sociology of Work

Changes in the Work Experience

The Significance of Work

Satisfaction and Alienation in Work

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 9.1 Social Inequalities: What Oppression Teaches-- The Long Reach of Disenfranchisement

Box 9.2 Doing Social Research: Stealth Democracy

Chapter Ten: The Family

Structure of the Family: A Global View

Forms of the Family

Forms of Marriage

Patterns of Courtship

Marriage and the Family in the United States

Life within Marriage

Parenthood

Two-Income Families

Beyond the Traditional Nuclear Family

Challenges for American Families and American Society

Family Violence, Child Abuse, and Incest

Child Care

Divorce

Care for the Elderly

Sociological Perspectives on the Family

The Functionalist Perspective on the Family

The Conflict Perspective on the Family

The Interactionist Perspective on the Family

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 10.1 Sociology around the World: A Wide Variety in Family Values

Box 10.2 Social Inequalities: Family Backgrounds and Unequal Childhoods

Box 10.3 Doing Social Research: Racial Diversity within Families

Chapter Eleven: Religion, Education, and Medicine

Religion

What is Religion?

A Global View: Varieties of Religious Behavior

Religious Organizations

Religion and Secular Change: The Protestant Ethic

Adapting Tradition: Religion in Contemporary Life

Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism

State-Church Issues

The Functionalist Perspective

The Conflict Perspective

Education

The Bureaucratic Structure of Schools

The Effectiveness of Schools

Alternatives to Traditional Public Schools

The Availability of Higher Education

The Functionalist Perspective

The Conflict Perspective

The Interactionist Perspective

Medicine

The U.S. Health Care Delivery System

Rising Health Care Costs: Is Managed Care the Answer?

Alternatives to the U.S. Health Care System: A Global Perspective

The Functionalist Perspective

The Conflict Perspective

The Interactionist Perspective

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 11.1 Doing Social Research: Is the Significance of Religion Declining in the United States?

Box 11.2 Social Inequalities: Who are the Uninsured?

Chapter Twelve: Population and the Environment

Population

Elements in Population Change

Population Composition

Malthus and Marx: Two Views of Population Growth

Demographic Transition

Population Policies

The Urban Environment

The Origin and Evolution of Cities

Patterns of City Growth

Ecological Processes: Segregation and Gentrification

Urban Crisis: Cities in Decline

Sprawling Urban Growth: The Rise in Edge Cities

The Ecological Environment

Human-Environment Interaction: A Closer Look

The Functionalist Perspective

The Conflict Perspective

The Interactionist Perspective

The New Millennium

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 12.1 Doing Social Research: Is Development the Best Contraceptive?

(New) Box 12.2 Sociology around the World: Toxic Trash? Ship It to Another Country

Chapter Thirteen: Social Change

A World of Change

Sources of Social Change

Perspectives on Social Change

Social Change in the United States

Social Change in Developing Nations

Collective Behavior

Varieties of Collective Behavior

Preconditions for Collective Behavior

Explanations of Crowd Behavior

Social Movements

Causes of Social Movements

Types of Social Movements

Social Revolution

Terrorism

Looking to the Future

The Chapter in Brief

Glossary

Internet Connection

Box 13.1 Students Doing Sociology: The Un-TV Experiment

Box 13.2 Doing Social Research: Blogging Our Way to Intimacy

Box 13.3 Social Inequalities: When Will Same-Sex Marriages Become "the Norm?"

References

Photo Credits

Name Index

Subject Index