Sociology Understanding a Diverse Society (with InfoTrac)

by Andersen, Margaret L.; Taylor, Howard F.

• ISBN13: 9780534617165
• ISBN10: 0534617166
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-03-08
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Andersen & Taylor is a theoretically balanced, mainstream, comprehensive text characterized by its emphasis on diversity. In every chapter, students explore research and data that illustrate how class, race-ethnicity, gender, age, geographic residence, and sexual orientation relate to the topics covered. This text provides a solid research orientation to the basic principles of sociology while maintaining an accessible style, appealing to the ever-changing student population, and inviting students to view the world through a sociological lens. This highly integrated, research-oriented, contemporary example approach combined with its comprehensive coverage accounts for its wide appeal to professors and students alike.

Table of Contents

Part One Introducing the Sociological Perspective
Developing a Sociological Perspective	1	(26)
What Is Sociology?	2	(3)
Sociology: A Unique Perspective	3	(1)
Sociology in Practice	4	(1)
The Sociological Imagination	5	(4)
Revealing Everyday Life	6	(1)
Debunking in Sociology	7	(1)
Establishing Critical Distance	8	(1)
Discovering Unsettling Facts	9	(1)
The Significance of Diversity	9	(5)
Diversity: A Source of Change	11	(1)
Defining Diversity	11	(1)
Society in Global Perspective	12	(2)
The Development of Sociology	14	(5)
The Influence of the Enlightenment	14	(1)
The Development of Sociology in Europe	14	(1)
Classical Sociological Theory	15	(2)
The Development of American Sociology	17	(2)
Theoretical Frameworks in Sociology	19	(5)
Functionalism	20	(1)
Conflict Theory	21	(1)
Symbolic Interaction	22	(1)
Diverse Theoretical Perspectives	22	(2)
Chapter Summary	24
Sociology in Practice: Careers in Sociology	3	(3)
Taking on Social Issues: Sexual Abuse	6	(6)
Understanding Diversity: Becoming a Sociologist	12	(8)
Key Sociological Concepts	20	(7)
Doing Sociological Research	27	(26)
The Research Process	28	(8)
Sociology and the Scientific Method	28	(1)
Developing a Research Question	29	(1)
Creating a Research Design	30	(3)
Gathering Data	33	(1)
Analyzing the Data	33	(2)
Reaching Conclusions and Reporting Results	35	(1)
The Tools of Sociological Research	36	(5)
The Survey: Polls, Questionnaires, and Interviews	36	(1)
Participant Observation	37	(1)
Controlled Experiments	38	(2)
Content Analysis	40	(1)
Historical Research	40	(1)
Evaluation Research	41	(1)
Prediction, Sampling, and Statistical Analysis	41	(3)
Prediction and Probability	41	(1)
Sampling	42	(1)
Statistics in Sociology	42	(2)
The Use and Misuse of Statistics	44	(1)
Is Sociology Value-Free?	44	(4)
Political Commitments and Sociological Research	45	(1)
The Insider--Outsider Debate	45	(3)
Research Ethics	48	(1)
Chapter Summary	49
Sociology in Practice: What Causes Violence?	35	(4)
Doing Sociological Research: ``Sidewalk,'' A Participant Observation Study	39	(7)
A Sociological Eye on the Media: Research and the Media	46	(7)
Part Two Individuals in Society
Culture	53	(28)
Defining Culture	54	(5)
Characteristics of Culture	54	(4)
Humans and Animals: Is There a Difference?	58	(1)
The Elements of Culture	59	(5)
Language	59	(3)
Norms	62	(1)
Beliefs	63	(1)
Values	63	(1)
Cultural Diversity	64	(5)
Dominant Culture	64	(2)
Subcultures	66	(1)
Countercultures	67	(1)
Ethnocentrism	67	(1)
The Globalization of Culture	68	(1)
Popular Culture	69	(3)
The Influence of the Mass Media	69	(1)
Race, Gender, Sex, and Class in the Media	70	(2)
Theoretical Perspectives on Culture	72	(3)
Culture and Group Solidarity	72	(1)
Culture, Power, and Social Conflict	73	(2)
Culture as a Social Construction	75	(1)
New Cultural Studies	75	(1)
Cultural Change	75	(2)
Culture Lag	75	(1)
Sources of Cultural Change	76	(1)
Chapter Summary	77
Doing Sociological Research: Tattoos: Status Risk or Status Symbol?	56	(4)
Understanding Diversity: The Social Meaning of Language	60	(6)
Taking on Social Issues: Bilingual Education	66	(4)
A Sociological Eye on the Media: Media Blackout	70	(6)
Forces of Social Change: Fast Food and the Transformation of Culture	76	(5)
Socialization	81	(30)
The Socialization Process	83	(3)
Socialization as Social Control	84	(1)
Conformity and Individuality	84	(1)
Socialization and Self-Esteem	85	(1)
The Consequences of Socialization	85	(1)
Agents of Socialization	86	(6)
The Family	86	(1)
The Media	86	(2)
Peers	88	(1)
Religion	88	(1)
Sports	89	(1)
Schools	90	(2)
Theories of Socialization	92	(5)
Psychoanalytic Theory	92	(1)
Object Relations Theory	93	(1)
Social Learning Theory	94	(1)
Symbolic Interaction Theory	95	(2)
Functionalism and Conflict Theory	97	(1)
Growing Up in a Diverse Society	97	(2)
Socialization Across the Life Course	99	(6)
Childhood	100	(2)
Adolescence	102	(1)
Adulthood and Old Age	102	(2)
Rites of Passage	104	(1)
Resocialization	105	(2)
The Process of Conversion	106	(1)
The Brainwashing Debate	106	(1)
Chapter Summary	107
Understanding Diversity: My Childhood: An Interview with Bong Hwan Kim	82	(5)
Taking on Social Issues: Media Violence	87	(3)
Forces of Social Change: Women's Athletics and Title IX	90	(1)
Sociology in Practice: Building Cooperative Social Relations among Children	91	(7)
Doing Sociological Research: Children's Understanding of Race	98	(13)
Social Interaction and Social Structure	111	(28)
What Is Society?	112	(4)
From Groups to Institutions: Microanalysis and Macroanalysis	112	(1)
Groups	112	(1)
Statuses	113	(1)
Roles	114	(2)
Theories About Analyzing Social Interaction	116	(4)
The Social Construction of Reality	116	(1)
Ethnomethodology	117	(1)
Impression Management and Dramaturgy	117	(2)
Social Exchange and Game Theory	119	(1)
Interaction in Cyberspace	120	(1)
Forms of Nonverbal Communication	121	(4)
Touch	122	(1)
Paralinguistic Communication	123	(1)
Body Language	123	(1)
Use of Personal Space	124	(1)
Interpersonal Attraction and the Formation of Pairs	125	(3)
Proximity	126	(1)
Mere Exposure Effect	127	(1)
Perceived Physical Attractiveness	127	(1)
Similarity	128	(1)
Social Institutions and Social Structure	128	(2)
Social Institutions	128	(1)
Social Structure	129	(1)
What Holds Society Together?	130	(1)
Mechanical and Organic Solidarity	130	(1)
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft	130	(1)
Types of Societies: A Global View	131	(5)
Preindustrial Societies	132	(1)
Industrial Societies	133	(1)
Postindustrial Societies	134	(2)
Chapter Summary	136
Doing Sociological Research: ``Doing Hair, Doing Class''	118	(4)
Understanding Diversity: Interaction on the Street	122	(13)
Taking on Social Issues: A Sense of Community	135	(4)
Groups and Organizations	139	(26)
Types of Groups	140	(5)
Dyads and Triads: Group Size Effects	140	(1)
Primary and Secondary Groups	141	(1)
Reference Groups	142	(1)
In-Groups and Out-Groups	143	(1)
Social Networks	144	(1)
Social Influence in Groups	145	(5)
The Asch Conformity Experiment	146	(1)
The Milgram Obedience Studies	146	(2)
The Iraqi Prisoners at Abu Ghraib: Research Predicts Reality?	148	(1)
Groupthink	148	(1)
Risky Shift	149	(1)
Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies	150	(8)
Types of Organizations	151	(1)
Bureaucracy	152	(1)
Bureaucracy's Other Face	153	(1)
Problems of Bureaucracies	154	(1)
The McDonaldization of Society	155	(2)
New Global Organizational Forms and the Japanese Model	157	(1)
Diversity: Race, Gender, and Class in Organizations	158	(2)
Functional, Conflict, and Symbolic Interaction: Theoretical Perspectives	160	(1)
Chapter Summary	161
Doing Sociological Research: Sharing the Journey	142	(10)
Understanding Diversity: The Deltas: Black Sororities as Organizations	152	(5)
Forces of Social Change: Consumerism	157	(3)
Taking on Social Issues: Has Racial and Gender Equality Been Achieved in Bureaucracies?	160	(5)
Deviance	165	(26)
Defining Deviance	166	(5)
The Context of Deviance	167	(1)
The Influence of Social Movements	168	(1)
The Social Construction of Deviance	168	(1)
Psychological Explanations of Deviance	169	(2)
The Medicalization of Deviance	171	(1)
Sociological Theories of Deviance	171	(11)
Functionalist Theories of Deviance	171	(5)
Conflict Theories of Deviance	176	(2)
Symbolic Interaction Theories of Deviance	178	(4)
Forms of Deviance	182	(5)
Mental Illness	182	(1)
Social Stigmas	183	(1)
Substance Abuse: Drugs and Alcohol	184	(3)
Deviance in Global Perspective	187	(1)
Chapter Summary	187
Doing Sociological Research: Bad Boys	170	(6)
Forces of Social Change: Guns and Violence in America	176	(9)
Taking on Social Issues: Should Drugs Be Decriminalized?	185	(1)
Sociology in Practice: Dealing with Binge Drinking	186	(5)
Crime and Criminal Justice	191	(20)
Crime and Deviance	192	(1)
Types of Crime	192	(4)
Measuring Crime: How Much Is There?	193	(1)
Youth Gangs and Crime	194	(1)
Personal and Property Crime	194	(1)
Elite and White-Collar Crime	195	(1)
Organized Crime and Corporate Crime	196	(2)
Organized Crime	196	(1)
Corporate Crime and Deviance: Doing Well, Doing Time	196	(2)
Race, Class, Gender, and Crime	198	(3)
Race, Class, and Crime	198	(1)
Gender and Crime	199	(2)
The Criminal Justice System: Police, Courts, and the Law	201	(6)
The Policing of Minorities	201	(2)
Race and Sentencing	203	(1)
Prisons: Deterrence or Rehabilitation?	203	(2)
Courts, the Law, and Minorities	205	(1)
The Law and Social Change	206	(1)
Terrorism As International Crime: A Global Perspective	207	(1)
Chapter Summary	208
A Sociological Eye on the Media: Images of Violent Crime	195	(5)
Sociology in Practice: Stopping Date Rape	200	(5)
Understanding Diversity: The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison	205	(6)
Part Three Social Inequalities
Social Class and Social Stratification	211	(34)
Social Differentiation and Social Stratification	212	(4)
Forms of Stratification: Estate, Caste, and Class	213	(1)
Defining Class	214	(2)
Why Is There Inequality?	216	(3)
Karl Marx: Class and Capitalism	216	(1)
Max Weber: Class, Status, and Party	216	(1)
Functionalism and Conflict Theory: The Continuing Debate	217	(2)
The Class Structure of the United States	219	(10)
Layers of Social Class	221	(2)
Class Conflict	223	(2)
The Distribution of Wealth and Income	225	(4)
Diverse Sources of Stratification	229	(3)
Race and Class	229	(1)
Gender and Class	230	(1)
Age and Class	231	(1)
Class and Cultural Diversity	231	(1)
Social Mobility	232	(2)
Class Consciousness	232	(1)
Defining Social Mobility	232	(1)
The Extent of Social Mobility	233	(1)
Poverty	234	(7)
Who Are the Poor?	234	(3)
Explanations of Poverty	237	(2)
Welfare	239	(2)
Chapter Summary	241
A Sociological Eye on the Media: Reproducing Class Stereotypes	215	(7)
Doing Sociological Research: The Fragile Middle Class	222	(8)
Understanding Diversity: Latino Class Experience	230	(6)
Taking on Social Issues: Is Marriage the Solution to Poverty?	236	(2)
Sociology in Practice: Welfare Reform: Myths and Realities	238	(7)
Global Stratification	245	(24)
Global Stratification	246	(5)
Rich and Poor	248	(2)
The Core and Periphery	250	(1)
Race and Global Inequality	251	(1)
Theories of Global Stratification	251	(5)
Modernization Theory	252	(1)
Dependency Theory	253	(1)
World Systems Theory	254	(2)
Consequences of Global Stratification	256	(4)
Population	256	(1)
Health and Environment	257	(1)
Education and Illiteracy	258	(1)
Gender Inequality	258	(1)
War and Terrorism	259	(1)
World Poverty	260	(5)
Who Are the World's Poor?	261	(1)
Women and Children in Poverty	262	(2)
Poverty and Hunger	264	(1)
Causes of World Poverty	264	(1)
The Future of Global Stratification	265	(1)
Chapter Summary	266
Sociology in Practice: Symbols, Sportswear, and Sweatshops	247	(8)
Doing Sociological Research: Servants of Globalization: Who Does the Domestic Work?	255	(4)
Taking on Social Issues: Global Epidemics	259	(4)
Understanding Diversity: War, Childhood, and Poverty	263	(6)
Race and Ethnicity	269	(32)
Race and Ethnicity	270	(5)
Ethnicity	270	(1)
Race	271	(3)
Minority and Dominant Groups	274	(1)
Racial Stereotypes	275	(1)
Stereotypes and Salience	275	(1)
Interplay Between Race, Gender, and Class Stereotypes	276	(1)
Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism	276	(5)
Prejudice	276	(2)
Discrimination	278	(1)
Racism	278	(3)
Theories of Prejudice and Racism	281	(2)
Psychological Theories of Prejudice	281	(1)
Sociological Theories of Prejudice and Racism	281	(2)
Diverse Groups, Diverse Histories	283	(7)
Native Americans	283	(1)
African Americans	284	(2)
Latinos	286	(1)
Asian Americans	287	(1)
Middle Easterners	288	(1)
White Ethnic Groups	289	(1)
Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Relations	290	(2)
Assimilation versus Pluralism	291	(1)
Segregation and the Urban Underclass	291	(1)
The Relative Importance of Class and Race	292	(1)
Attaining Racial and Ethnic Equality: The Challenge	292	(5)
Civil Rights	293	(1)
Radical Social Change	294	(1)
Affirmative Action	295	(2)
Chapter Summary	297
Understanding Diversity: Arab Americans: Confronting Prejudice	277	(3)
Doing Sociological Research: American Apartheid	280	(2)
Sociology in Practice: Race, the Underclass, and Public Policy	282	(12)
Forces of Social Change: Race Naming	294	(2)
Taking on Social Issues: Affirmative Action	296	(5)
Gender	301	(32)
Defining Sex and Gender	302	(1)
Sex Differences: Nature or Nurture?	303	(2)
Biological Sex Identity	303	(1)
Physical Sex Differences	304	(1)
The Social Construction of Gender	305	(10)
The Formation of Gender Identity	305	(1)
Sources of Gender Socialization	305	(5)
The Price of Conformity	310	(1)
Race, Gender, and Identity	311	(2)
Gender Socialization and Homophobia	313	(1)
The Institutional Basis of Gender	314	(1)
Gender Stratification	315	(7)
Sexism and Patriarchy	316	(1)
Women's Worth: Still Unequal	317	(1)
Explaining the Pay Gap	318	(2)
Gender Segregation	320	(1)
The Devaluation of Women's Work	320	(2)
Balancing Work and Family	322	(1)
Gender and Diversity	322	(3)
The Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender	322	(1)
Gender in Global Perspective	323	(2)
Theories of Gender	325	(2)
The Frameworks of Sociology	325	(1)
Feminist Theory	326	(1)
Gender and Social Change	327	(2)
Contemporary Attitudes	328	(1)
Legislative Change	328	(1)
Chapter Summary	329
Forces of Social Change: The Arrival of Women's Sports	308	(2)
A Sociological Eye on the Media: Cultural Gatekeepers and the Construction of Feminity	310	(2)
Understanding Diversity: Racializing Gender/Gendering Race	312	(1)
Doing Sociological Research: Succeeding Against the Odds	313	(12)
Taking on Social Issues: Violence Against Women Act	325	(8)
Sexuality	333	(30)
Sex and Culture	334	(7)
Is Sex Natural?	334	(1)
The Social Basis of Sexuality	334	(3)
The Science of Sex	337	(2)
Sexual Practices of the U.S. Public	339	(2)
Sexuality and Sociological Theory	341	(3)
Sex: Functional or Conflict-Based?	341	(1)
Symbolic Interaction and the Social Construction of Sexual Identity	342	(1)
Queer Theory	343	(1)
Sexual Politics: Diversity and Inequality	344	(5)
Sexual Politics	344	(1)
The Influence of Race, Class, and Gender	345	(1)
Understanding Gay and Lesbian Experience	346	(1)
A Global Perspective on Sexuality	347	(2)
Sex and Social Issues	349	(6)
Birth Control	349	(1)
New Reproductive Technologies	350	(1)
Abortion	351	(1)
Pornography	352	(1)
Teenage Pregnancy	352	(2)
Sexual Violence	354	(1)
Sex and Social Change	355	(3)
The Sexual Revolution: Is It Over?	356	(1)
Technology, Sex, and Cybersex	357	(1)
Commercializing Sex	358	(1)
Chapter Summary	358
Understanding Diversity: Gay-Bashing and Gender Betrayal	337	(3)
Doing Sociological Research: Teens and Sex: Are Young People Becoming More Sexually Conservative?	340	(4)
A Sociological Eye on the Media: Publicity Traps: Sex on TV Talk Shows	344	(13)
Taking on Social Issues: Sex, Censorship, and Cyberspace	357	(6)
Age and Aging	363	(28)
The Social Construction of Aging	364	(6)
Social Factors in the Aging Process	365	(1)
Age Stereotypes	366	(1)
Age Norms	367	(1)
Age and Social Structure	368	(2)
A Society Grows Old	370	(3)
Growing Up/Growing Old: Aging and the Life Course	373	(10)
Childhood	373	(1)
Youth and Adolescence	374	(2)
Adulthood	376	(1)
Retirement	376	(1)
Old Age	377	(4)
Death and Dying	381	(2)
Age, Diversity, and Inequality	383	(3)
Age Groups as Minorities	384	(1)
Age Prejudice and Discrimination	384	(1)
Quadruple Jeopardy	385	(1)
Age Seen Globally	385	(1)
Explaining Age Stratification	386	(2)
Chapter Summary	388
Understanding Diversity: Grandparenting Among Native Americans	368	(4)
Doing Sociological Research: Death's Work: A Sociology of Funeral Homes	372	(10)
Taking on Social Issues: Privatizing Social Security	382	(9)
Part Four Social Institutions
Families	391	(32)
Defining the Family	392	(6)
Comparing Kinship Systems	393	(3)
Extended and Nuclear Families	396	(2)
Sociological Theory and Families	398	(3)
Functionalist Theory and Families	398	(1)
Conflict Theory and Families	399	(1)
Feminist Theory and Families	399	(1)
Symbolic Interaction Theory and Families	400	(1)
Diversity Among Contemporary American Families	401	(7)
Female-Headed Households	401	(2)
Married-Couple Families	403	(1)
Stepfamilies	404	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Households	405	(1)
Singles	406	(2)
Cohabitation	408	(1)
Marriage and Divorce	408	(5)
Marriage	408	(2)
Divorce	410	(2)
Family Violence	412	(1)
Changing Families/Changing Society	413	(5)
Global Changes in Family Life	413	(2)
Families and Social Policy	415	(3)
Chapter Summary	418
Understanding Diversity: Interracial Dating and Marriage	395	(5)
A Sociological Eye on the Media: Idealizing Family Life	400	(7)
Forces of Social Change: ``Hooking Up'': Dating and Mating on College Campuses	407	(3)
Doing Sociological Research: Men's Caregiving	410	(5)
Taking on Social Issues: Gay Marriage	415	(8)
Education	423	(24)
Schooling and Society: Theories of Education	424	(3)
The Rise of Education in the United States	424	(1)
The Functionalist View of Education	425	(1)
The Conflict View of Education	426	(1)
The Symbolic Interactionist View of Education	427	(1)
Does Schooling Matter?	427	(3)
Effects of Education on Occupation and Income	427	(1)
Effects of Social Class Background on Education and Social Mobility	428	(1)
Education, Social Class, and Mobility Seen Globally	429	(1)
Education and Inequality	430	(9)
Cognitive Ability and Its Measurement	431	(1)
Ability and Diversity	432	(1)
The ``Cognitive Elite'' and The Bell Curve Debate	433	(1)
Tracking and Labeling Effects	434	(1)
Teacher Expectancy Effect	435	(1)
Schooling and Gender	436	(2)
Stereotype Threat Effect	438	(1)
School Reform	439	(4)
Reducing Unequal Funding	440	(1)
Back-to-Basics, Charter Schools, and Multiculturalism	440	(1)
Home Schooling	441	(1)
No Child Left Behind Act	442	(1)
High-Stakes Testing	442	(1)
The Future of American Education: New Technology in the Classroom	443	(1)
Chapter Summary	443
Taking on Social Issues: Athletes and Academics	432	(3)
Understanding Diversity: Is Ability Tracking Still Around?	435	(3)
Doing Sociological Research: The Agony of Education	438	(2)
Forces of Social Change: Teach for America	440	(7)
Religion	447	(30)
Defining Religion	448	(1)
The Significance of Religion in U.S. Society	449	(2)
The Dominance of Christianity	450	(1)
Measuring Religious Faith	450	(1)
Forms of Religion	451	(1)
Monotheism and Polytheism	451	(1)
Patriarchal and Matriarchal Religions	452	(1)
Exclusive and Inclusive Religious Groups	452	(1)
Sociological Theories of Religion	452	(2)
Emile Durkheim: The Functions of Religion	452	(1)
Max Weber: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism	453	(1)
Karl Marx: Religion, Social Conflict, and Oppression	453	(1)
Symbolic Interaction: Becoming Religious	453	(1)
World Religions and Religious Diversity	454	(7)
Christianity	456	(3)
Judaism	459	(1)
Islam	459	(1)
Hinduism	460	(1)
Buddhism	460	(1)
Confucianism	460	(1)
Diversity and Religious Belief	461	(1)
Race and Religion	461	(1)
Ethnicity and Religion	461	(1)
Religious Extremism	462	(1)
Religious Organizations	462	(2)
Churches	463	(1)
Sects	463	(1)
Cults	464	(1)
Becoming Religious	464	(4)
Religion and the Family	465	(1)
Religious Conversion	466	(2)
Social and Political Attitudes: The Impact of Religion	468	(1)
Racial Prejudice	468	(1)
Homophobia	468	(1)
Anti-Semitism	469	(1)
Religion and Social Change	469	(4)
The New Religious Conservatism	469	(1)
Race, Religion, and Justice	470	(1)
Women and Religion	471	(1)
Religion in Decline?	472	(1)
Chapter Summary	473
Understanding Diversity: Immigration, Faith, and Community	455	(3)
Doing Sociological Research: Diversity and Religious Tradition	458	(7)
Sociology in Practice: Lessons from Waco	465	(5)
Taking on Social Issues: Separation of Church and State: Faith-Based Initiatives	470	(2)
Forces of Social Change: Marketing Religion	472	(5)
Economy and Work	477	(32)
Economy and Society	478	(1)
The Industrial Revolution	478	(1)
Comparing Economic Systems	479	(1)
The Changing Global Economy	479	(6)
A More Diverse Workplace	481	(1)
Deindustrialization	482	(1)
Technological Change	483	(2)
The Impact of Economic Restructuring	485	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives on Work	485	(3)
Functionalist Theory	486	(1)
Conflict Theory	486	(1)
Symbolic Interaction Theory	487	(1)
Characteristics of the Labor Force	488	(6)
Who Works and How Much?	488	(2)
The Value of Work: Earnings and Prestige	490	(2)
Unemployment and Joblessness	492	(2)
Diversity in the U.S. Occupational System	494	(8)
The Division of Labor	494	(1)
The Dual Labor Market	495	(3)
Work and Immigration	498	(1)
Disability and Work	498	(2)
Gays and Lesbians in the Workplace	500	(2)
Worker Safety	502	(3)
Worker Alienation	502	(1)
Sexual Harassment	503	(1)
Occupational Health and Safety	504	(1)
Chapter Summary	505
Sociology in Practice: Toys Are Not U.S.	480	(7)
Understanding Diversity: Native American Women and Work	487	(12)
Doing Sociological Research: All in the Family: Children of Immigrants and Family Businesses	499	(1)
Taking on Social Issues: Americans with Disabilities	500	(9)
Government and Politics	509	(26)
Defining the State	510	(3)
The Institutions of the State	510	(1)
The State and Social Order	510	(2)
Global Interdependence and the State	512	(1)
Power and Authority	513	(2)
Types of Authority	513	(1)
The Growth of Bureaucratic Government	514	(1)
Theories of Power	515	(5)
The Pluralist Model	515	(1)
The Power Elite Model	516	(2)
The Autonomous State Model	518	(1)
Feminist Theories of the State	519	(1)
Comparing Theories of Power	519	(1)
Government: Power and Politics in a Diverse Society	520	(6)
Diverse Patterns of Political Participation	521	(3)
Political Power: Who's in Charge?	524	(1)
Women and Minorities in Government	525	(1)
The Military	526	(5)
The Military as a Social Institution	527	(2)
Race and the Military	529	(1)
Women in the Military	530	(1)
Gays and Lesbians in the Military	530	(1)
Chapter Summary	531
Understanding Diversity: American Indians and State Policy	511	(1)
Taking on Social Issues: Civil Liberties and National Security	512	(6)
Doing Sociological Research: Diversity in the Power Elite	518	(17)
Health Care	535	(26)
The Emergence of Modern Medicine	536	(3)
Specialization in Medicine	537	(1)
The Role of Government in Medicine	538	(1)
Corporate Control of Health Care	539	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives on Health Care	539	(2)
The Functionalist View of Health Care	539	(1)
The Conflict Theory View of Health Care	539	(1)
Symbolic Interaction and Health Care	540	(1)
Health, Diversity, and Social Inequality	541	(3)
Race and Health Care	541	(1)
Social Class and Health Care	542	(1)
Gender and Health Care	543	(1)
Global Dimensions of Health	544	(1)
Social Patterns of Health and Disease	544	(9)
Eating Disorders and Obesity	545	(2)
Smoking and Tobacco	547	(1)
AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases	548	(2)
Disability	550	(1)
Mental Illness	551	(1)
Euthanasia	552	(1)
The Health Care System in the United States	553	(4)
The Cost of Health Care	553	(1)
Medical Malpractice	554	(1)
A Response to the Problem: HMOs	555	(1)
Alternative Health Care	555	(1)
The Universal Health Care Debate	556	(1)
Chapter Summary	557
Doing Sociological Research: Beauty and Health	546	(4)
Understanding Diversity: The Americans with Disabilities Act	550	(1)
A Sociological Eye on the Media: Images of Disability in the Media	551	(5)
Taking on Social Issues: Universal Health Care	556	(5)
Part Five Social Change
Population, Urbanization, and the Environment	561	(28)
Demography and the U.S. Census	562	(1)
Diversity and the Three Basic Demographic Processes	562	(4)
Birthrate	563	(1)
Death Rate	564	(1)
Migration	565	(1)
Population Characteristics	566	(2)
Sex Ratio and the Population Pyramid	566	(1)
Cohorts	567	(1)
Theories of Population Growth Locally and Globally	568	(3)
Malthusian Theory	568	(1)
Demographic Transition Theory	569	(1)
The ``Population Bomb'' and Zero Population Growth	570	(1)
Checking Population Growth	571	(2)
Family Planning and Diversity	571	(1)
Population Policy and Diversity	572	(1)
Urbanization	573	(1)
Urbanization as a Lifestyle	573	(1)
Race, Class, and the Suburbs	573	(1)
The New Suburbanites	573	(1)
Ecology and the Environment	574	(10)
Vanishing Resources	574	(1)
Environmental Pollution	575	(4)
Environmental Racism and Classism	579	(2)
Feminism and the Environment	581	(1)
Environmental Policy	582	(2)
Globalization: Population and Environment in the Twenty-First Century	584	(1)
Chapter Summary	585
Understanding Diversity: Environmentalism and Social Justice	576	(5)
Doing Sociological Research: New Findings Challenge Demographic Transition	581	(1)
Sociology in Practice: The Office of Population Research	582	(1)
Forces of Social Change: Suburbanization	583	(1)
Taking on Social Issues: Environmental Racism	584	(5)
Collective Behavior and Social Movements	589	(28)
Characteristics of Collective Behavior	590	(2)
Crowds	592	(3)
The Social Structure of Crowds	593	(1)
The Influence of Social Control Agents	594	(1)
Panic	594	(1)
Riots	595	(2)
Why Do Riots Occur?	595	(1)
What Stops Riots?	596	(1)
Collective Preoccupations	597	(3)
Fads	597	(1)
Fashion	598	(1)
Hysterical Contagions	599	(1)
Scapegoating	599	(1)
Social Movements	600	(12)
Types of Social Movements	601	(3)
Origins of Social Movements	604	(2)
The Organization of Social Movements	606	(1)
Strategies and Tactics	607	(2)
Theories of Social Movements	609	(3)
Diversity, Globalization, and Social Change	612	(1)
Chapter Summary	612
Taking on Social Issues: Environmental Justice	591	(11)
Forces of Social Change: Feminist Generations	602	(1)
Understanding Diversity: Asian American Panethnicity: Building Identity From Social Movements	603	(5)
Doing Sociological Research: White Man Falling	608	(3)
Sociology in Practice: Understanding Terrorism as a Social Movement	611	(6)
Social Change in Global Perspective	617	(22)
What Is Social Change?	618	(2)
Theories of Social Change	620	(4)
Functionalist and Evolutionary Theories	621	(1)
Conflict Theories	622	(2)
Cyclical Theories	624	(1)
The Causes of Social Change	624	(7)
Revolution	625	(1)
Mobilizing People for Change	625	(1)
Cultural Diffusion	625	(1)
Inequality and Change	626	(1)
Technological Innovation and the Cyberspace Revolution	627	(1)
Population and Change	628	(2)
War, Terrorism and Social Change	630	(1)
Modernization	631	(3)
From Community to Society	631	(1)
Mass Society and Bureaucracy	632	(1)
Social Inequality, Powerlessness, and the Individual	632	(2)
Global Theories of Social Change	634	(1)
Modernization Theory	634	(1)
World Systems Theory	634	(1)
Dependency Theory	635	(1)
Diversity, Globalization, and Social Change	635	(1)
Chapter Summary	636
Forces of Social Change: A Nation Changed?	620	(1)
Doing Sociological Research: An Insider's Account of a Social Movement and Social Change	621	(7)
Taking on Social Issues: Bringing in Social Change	628	(1)
Forces of Social Change: Shock and Social Change: The 2004 Tsunami	629	(6)
A Sociological Eye on the Media: The Media as a Source of Social Change	635	(4)
Glossary	639	(9)
References	648	(26)
Credits	674	(2)
Name Index	676	(5)
Subject Index	681