Software Factories : Assembling Applications with Patterns, Models, Frameworks, and Tools

by Greenfield, Jack; Short, Keith; Cook, Steve; Kent, Stuart; Crupi, John

• ISBN13: 9780471202844
• ISBN10: 0471202843
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-09-24
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

understanding of these technologies, and will learn how to apply them to implement Software Factories within their own organizations.

Author Biography

JACK GREENFIELD (Redmond, WA) is an Architect for Visual Studio Team System. He is an author, frequent speaker, and key contributor to component, model, and pattern technologies at Microsoft.<BR> KEITH SHORT (Redmond, WA) is an Architect for Visual Studio Team System. He is responsible for strategy and architecture for enterprise tools at Microsoft.<BR> STEVE COOK (Canterbury, UK) is an Architect for Visual Studio Team System. He was formerly an IBM Distinguished Engineer and a major contributor to UML and UML2.<BR> STUART KENT (Bishop&#146;s Stortford, UK) is a Program Manager for Visual Studio Team System. He focuses on modeling technology and is an internationally recognized authority on UML.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xxiii
Foreword	p. xxvii
Introduction to Software Factories	p. 1
Introduction	p. 3
Tools Lag Platforms	p. 4
The Software Development Landscape	p. 7
Platform Technology Evolution	p. 8
Building Applications with Services	p. 24
Software Development Challenges	p. 30
Discontinuous Innovation	p. 32
Notes	p. 34
Dealing with Complexity	p. 35
The Problem of Complexity	p. 35
Feature Delocalization	p. 38
Working at the Wrong Level of Abstraction	p. 41
Raising the Level of Abstraction	p. 53
Packaging Abstractions	p. 61
Current Methods and Practices	p. 66
Encapsulation	p. 67
Partitioning Responsibility	p. 68
Documenting Design	p. 73
Automating Development	p. 77
Organizing Development	p. 82
Notes	p. 85
Dealing with Change	p. 87
The Problem of Change	p. 87
Responses to Change	p. 87
Software Aging	p. 88
Software As Simulation	p. 90
Sources of Change	p. 99
Current Methods and Practices	p. 100
Preventing Stagnation	p. 101
Reducing Brittleness	p. 104
Reducing Fatigue	p. 106
Paradigm Shift	p. 109
Chronic Problems	p. 109
Monolithic Construction	p. 110
Gratuitous Generality	p. 115
One-Off Development	p. 120
Process Immaturity	p. 121
Critical Innovations	p. 125
Systematic Reuse	p. 125
Development by Assembly	p. 129
Model-Driven Development	p. 139
Process Frameworks	p. 150
Software Factories	p. 155
Industrializing Software Development	p. 155
The Economics of Reuse	p. 156
Economies of Scale and Scope	p. 157
Systematic Software Reuse	p. 159
Integrating the Critical Innovations	p. 161
What Is a Software Factory?	p. 163
What Is a Software Factory Schema?	p. 164
What Is a Software Factory Template?	p. 173
Building a Software Factory	p. 174
Building a Software Product	p. 175
A Software Factory Example	p. 180
Implications of Software Factories	p. 185
Development by Assembly	p. 185
Software Supply Chains	p. 186
Relationship Management	p. 187
Domain Specific Assets	p. 187
Organizational Changes	p. 188
Mass Customization of Software	p. 188
Realizing the Software Factory Vision	p. 189
Notes	p. 190
Critical Innovations	p. 191
Models and Patterns	p. 193
Intent versus Implementation	p. 193
What Is Intent?	p. 194
Capturing Intent	p. 195
A Closer Look at Patterns	p. 197
Creating and Using Patterns	p. 198
Weaving Patterns into Languages	p. 201
Patterns in Product Families	p. 204
Encapsulating Pattern Languages	p. 205
What Is Encapsulation?	p. 206
Defining Languages with Encapsulation	p. 208
Formalizing Pattern Languages	p. 210
What Are Models?	p. 212
Models as Abstractions	p. 213
Model Visualization	p. 214
Models as Metadata	p. 217
Models as Development Artifacts	p. 218
Modeling or Programming?	p. 226
Programming with Models	p. 231
Model-Driven Development	p. 231
Generating Software	p. 233
Automating Patterns	p. 238
Automating Refactoring	p. 249
Automating Builds	p. 249
Automating Deployment	p. 249
Automating Testing	p. 251
Debugging with Models	p. 252
Using Multiple Views	p. 253
Architectural Description	p. 253
Domain Specificity	p. 254
Modeling Aspects	p. 258
How to Model Software	p. 263
Types of Information	p. 264
Level of Abstraction	p. 266
Style of Specification	p. 271
Domain-Specific Languages	p. 274
Business Ramifications	p. 274
Technical Ramifications	p. 275
Next Steps	p. 277
Notes	p. 277
Language Anatomy	p. 279
Example Language	p. 282
Abstract Syntax	p. 285
Context-Free Grammars and BNF	p. 286
Metamodels	p. 289
Abstract Syntax Graphs	p. 293
Well-Formedness Rules	p. 294
Comparison of CFGs and Metamodels	p. 297
Concrete Syntax	p. 299
Serialization Syntax	p. 306
Semantics	p. 309
Translational Semantics	p. 310
Trace-Based Semantics	p. 312
Programming versus Modeling	p. 318
Notes	p. 319
Families of Languages	p. 321
Language Families	p. 321
Tool Factories	p. 328
Tool Factory Architecture	p. 328
The State of the Art	p. 333
Systematic Reuse	p. 337
Software Product Families	p. 337
Software as a Product	p. 338
How Families Are Formed	p. 338
Working Within a Family	p. 340
Solving Problems in Advance	p. 341
The Role of Architecture	p. 342
Commonality and Variability	p. 344
Where Families Are Found	p. 345
Software Product Lines	p. 347
Creating Economies of Scope	p. 348
Required Adaptations	p. 350
Software Supply Chains	p. 355
Notes	p. 358
Software Product Lines	p. 359
Product Line Development	p. 359
Product Line Analysis	p. 361
Product Line Design	p. 375
Product Line Implementation	p. 379
Product Development	p. 382
Problem Analysis	p. 382
Product Specification	p. 382
Collateral Development	p. 385
Product Implementation	p. 385
Product Line Evolution	p. 391
Product Line Deployment	p. 391
Platform-Based Abstractions	p. 393
Platform-Based Abstractions	p. 393
Platform-Based Abstractions in Product Lines	p. 395
Properties of Platform-Based Abstractions	p. 397
Classes, Libraries, and Frameworks	p. 401
Class Frameworks	p. 403
Summary	p. 411
Components and Services	p. 413
Software Components	p. 413
Definition	p. 413
Interface Specifications	p. 415
Component Dependencies	p. 423
Component-Based Development	p. 426
Defining Product Line Component Architectures	p. 432
From Components to Services	p. 438
Service Components	p. 438
Business Protocols and Contracts	p. 439
Service-Oriented Architectures	p. 445
Web Services Technology	p. 446
What's Different This Time?	p. 448
Web Service Data Semantics	p. 448
WS Process Semantics	p. 450
Summary	p. 452
Notes	p. 453
Mappings and Transformations	p. 455
Transformations	p. 455
Types of Transformation	p. 456
Vertical Transformations	p. 458
Horizontal Transformations	p. 462
Transformation Problems	p. 470
Model-to-Model Transformations	p. 471
Model-to-Code Transformations	p. 473
Solving the Composition Problem	p. 476
Solving the Traceability Problem	p. 479
Summary	p. 481
Notes	p. 481
Generating Implementations	p. 483
Describing Transformations	p. 483
Mapping Rules Have IF-THEN Parts	p. 485
Implementing Mapping Rules	p. 489
Specifying Horizontal Transformations	p. 493
Describing Aspect Weaving	p. 493
Describing Refactoring Rules	p. 495
Patterns as Sets of Mapping Rules	p. 496
Transformation Systems	p. 500
Black-Box and White-Box Transformations	p. 501
Grey-Box Transformation Systems	p. 503
Applying Black-Box Transformations	p. 505
Summary	p. 508
Software Factories in Depth	p. 509
A Software Factory Example	p. 511
A Review of the Approach	p. 511
Building an Online eCommerce Application Family	p. 512
Product Line Analysis	p. 515
Product Line Definition	p. 515
Problem Domain Scoping	p. 518
Solution Domain Scoping	p. 521
Business Case Analysis	p. 524
Product Line Design	p. 526
Product Line Architecture Development	p. 526
Product Line Requirements Mapping	p. 546
Product Line Implementation	p. 548
Asset Provisioning	p. 548
Asset Packaging	p. 557
Product Development	p. 557
Product Specification	p. 558
Conclusion	p. 560
Notes	p. 561
Frequently Asked Questions	p. 563
How Do Software Factories Differ From...?	p. 563
How Do Software Factories Differ from RAD?	p. 564
How Do Software Factories Differ from MDA?	p. 567
How Do Software Factories Differ from the UP?	p. 573
How Do Software Factories Differ from Agile Modeling?	p. 577
How Agile Are Software Factories?	p. 580
Agile Development Principles	p. 580
Agile Development Practices	p. 582
How Will Software Factories Be Adopted?	p. 584
Types of Business Applications	p. 586
Business Application Characteristics	p. 586
How Mature Are Software Factories?	p. 588
Language Technology	p. 589
Tool Extensibility	p. 589
Pattern Composition	p. 590
Deferred Encapsulation	p. 590
Standard Assets for Popular Domains	p. 591
How Should Software Factories Be Implemented?	p. 591
New Development Artifacts	p. 592
New Development Scope	p. 592
New Development Activities	p. 592
Implementing Software Factories	p. 593
What's Different This Time?	p. 594
Abstraction and Refinement	p. 597
The Unified Modeling Language	p. 611
Bibliography	p. 629
Index	p. 641
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