Solid-Liquid Separation

by Svarovsky, Ladislav

• ISBN13: 9780408037655
• ISBN10: 0408037652
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1990-01-01
• Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Table of Contents

Preface to the fourth edition	p. xi
Preface to the first edition	p. xiii
Introduction to solid-liquid separation	p. 1
Pretreatment of suspensions	p. 4
Equipment and principles	p. 10
The spectrum of particle size	p. 26
References	p. 28
Characterization of particles suspended in liquids	p. 30
Introduction, the reasons for particle characterization	p. 30
Definitions of particle size	p. 32
Types of particle size distribution	p. 33
Measures of central tendency	p. 37
Presentation of data	p. 41
Sampling	p. 49
Laboratory measurement of particle size	p. 51
On-line measurement techniques	p. 56
Statistical measurement control	p. 57
Appendix 2.1	p. 58
Appendix 2.2	p. 63
References	p. 63
Further reading	p. 65
Efficiency of separation of particles from fluids	p. 66
Introduction	p. 66
Basic definitions and mass balance equations	p. 67
Basic relationships between E[subscript T], G(x) and the particle size distributions of the products	p. 74
Modifications of efficiency definitions for applications with an appreciable underflow-to-throughout ratio	p. 89
A new method of testing separators	p. 93
Nomenclature	p. 101
References	p. 102
Coagulation and flocculation
	p. 104
Introduction	p. 104
The colloidal model	p. 107
Electrokinetic phenomena and the zeta potential	p. 113
Practical applications of the zeta potential	p. 116
Flocculation by polyelectrolytes	p. 121
Other considerations	p. 125
References	p. 127
Bibliography	p. 128
Orthokinetic flocculation	p. 130
Nomenclature	p. 130
Introduction	p. 131
Theory	p. 131
Laboratory testing	p. 138
Practical flocculators	p. 146
Current developments	p. 163
References	p. 165
Gravity clarification and thickening	p. 166
Clarifiers	p. 167
Thickeners	p. 178
References	p. 188
Further reading	p. 189
Hydrocyclones	p. 191
Nomenclature	p. 191
Introduction and description	p. 192
Liquid flow patterns	p. 193
Motion of suspended particles	p. 196
Pressure distribution within the flow, static pressure drop	p. 198
Hydrocyclone function, design and merits	p. 199
Theories of separation	p. 204
Hydrocyclone selection and scale-up	p. 220
Design variations, other design features	p. 231
Applications	p. 237
Conclusions	p. 242
References	p. 243
Separation by centrifugal sedimentation	p. 246
Nomenclature	p. 246
Introduction	p. 246
Theoretical performance predictions	p. 247
Equipment	p. 256
Factors affecting the choice of centrifugal equipment	p. 269
Recent developments	p. 272
References	p. 279
Filter media, filter rating	p. 281
Introduction	p. 281
Filter media--general	p. 283
Cartridge filters	p. 284
Rigid porous media	p. 286
Non-woven media	p. 287
Woven wire	p. 289
Woven fabrics	p. 292
Material selection	p. 296
Filter rating	p. 298
Summary	p. 299
Bibliography	p. 300
Filtration fundamentals	p. 302
Nomenclature	p. 302
Introduction	p. 303
Flow rate-pressure drop relationships	p. 305
Filtration operations--basic equations, incompressible cakes	p. 309
Filtration operations--basic equations, compressible cakes	p. 320
Relationship between specific cake resistance, porosity and specific surface	p. 323
Cake moisture correction--mass balance	p. 324
Further development of filtration theory	p. 325
The benefits of pre-thickening	p. 327
Filtration of non-Newtonian liquids	p. 330
References	p. 333
Cake washing	p. 335
Introduction, methods of washing solids	p. 335
Principle of cake washing, the washing curve	p. 336
Is it always best to dewater before cake washing?	p. 341
How much wash liquid is needed?	p. 341
Can the washing curve be predicted?	p. 342
An example of a cake washing calculation	p. 343
Cake washing on continuous filters	p. 346
Practical considerations	p. 347
References	p. 348
Methods for limiting cake growth	p. 349
Introduction	p. 349
Removal of cake by mass forces	p. 350
Mechanical cake removal	p. 351
Dislodging of cake by reverse flow	p. 351
Prevention of cake deposition by vibration	p. 352
Cross-flow filtration	p. 353
References	p. 363
Bibliography	p. 365
Pressure filtration	p. 368
Batch pressure filtration	p. 368
Introduction	p. 368
Batch pressure filtration	p. 369
Continuous filtration	p. 393
Continuous pressure filtration	p. 393
References	p. 406
Vaccum filtration	p. 409
Nutsche filter	p. 410
Enclosed agitated vacuum filters	p. 411
Vacuum leaf filter	p. 413
Tipping pan filter	p. 414
Horizontal rotating pan filters	p. 415
Horizontal belt vacuum filters	p. 416
Rotary vacuum drum filters	p. 418
Rotary vacuum disc filters	p. 423
Selection of continuous vacuum filters	p. 425
Improvement of filter performance by physical pretreatment of the slurry	p. 426
References	p. 430
Centrifugal filtration	p. 432
Perforate basket centrifuge	p. 434
Peeler centrifuge	p. 436
Conical basket centrifuge	p. 437
Pusher centrifuge	p. 439
Scale-up and testing	p. 440
References	p. 441
Countercurrent washing of solids	p. 442
Introduction	p. 442
The pumping arrangements	p. 445
Advantages and capabilities of a countercurrent washing system	p. 447
Mass balance calculations for the solids	p. 448
Washing efficiency calculations	p. 456
Washing train design recommendations	p. 460
Applications, case studies	p. 464
Conclusions	p. 472
Appendix	p. 473
References	p. 474
Separator series and networks	p. 476
Introduction	p. 476
Series connections on overflow	p. 478
Series connections on underflow	p. 487
Series connections on both outlets	p. 493
Mass balance calculations	p. 497
References	p. 511
The selection of solid-liquid separation equipment	p. 512
Introduction	p. 512
Sedimentation or filtration?	p. 512
Sedimentation equipment	p. 514
Filtration equipment	p. 517
A note from the editor	p. 524
References	p. 524
Particle-fluid interaction, thermodynamics of solid-liquid separation	p. 526
Particle-fluid interaction	p. 526
Nomenclature	p. 526
Introduction	p. 527
Motion of particles in fluids	p. 527
Flow through packed beds	p. 534
Particles in non-Newtonian liquids	p. 537
References	p. 539
Thermodynamics of solid-liquid separation	p. 541
Nomenclature	p. 541
Introduction	p. 542
Some notes on entropy	p. 542
Entropy index	p. 543
Criterion of separation	p. 545
Estimates of sediment porosity	p. 547
Conclusions	p. 547
References	p. 548
Index	p. 549
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