Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 2: From 1600 Through the Twentieth Century

by Lufrano, Richard John

• ISBN13: 9780231112710
• ISBN10: 0231112718
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-03-01
• Publisher: INGRAM

Summary

-- Yingshih Yü, Gordon Wu 1958 Professor of Chinese Studies and professor of history, Princeton University

Author Biography

Wm. Theodore de Bary is John Mitchell Mason Professor Emeritus and Provost Emeritus at Columbia University, and Director of the Heyman Center for the Humanities. He has written extensively on Confucianism in East Asia, and is coeditor of the first edition of Sources of Chinese Tradition, as well as Sources of Japanese Tradition and Sources of Korean Tradition. Richard Lufrano is associate professor of Chinese history at the College of Staten Island and the author of Honorable Merchants: Commerce and Self-Cultivation in Late Imperial China.

Table of Contents

Explanatory Note	xvii
PART FIVE The Maturation of Chinese Civilization and New Challenges to Chinese Tradition	1	(230)
The Chinese Tradition in Retrospect	3	(70)
Huang Zongxi's Critique of the Chinese Dynastic System	4	(14)
Waiting for the Dawn: A Plan for the Prince	6	(12)
Lu Liuliang's Radical Orthodoxy	18	(8)
Commentaries on the Four Books	19	(7)
Late Confucian Scholarship: Wang Fuzhi	26	(9)
Ian MacMorran
Cosmological Foundations	28	(1)
Wang's ``Revision'' of Orthodox Neo-Confucianism	29	(1)
Historical Trends	30	(2)
The Justification of Social and Cultural Divisions	32	(2)
The Preservation of Chinese Political and Cultural Integrity	34	(1)
Gu Yanwu, Beacon of Qing Scholarship	35	(6)
Tru Learning: Broad Knowledge and a Sense of Shame	36	(2)
Preface to Record of the Search for Antiquities	38	(1)
On the Concentration of Authority at Court	38	(1)
On Bureaucratic Local Administration, ca. 1660	39	(2)
William Rowe
The Han Learning and Text Criticism	41	(25)
Dai Zhen and Zhang Xuecheng	44	(1)
Lynn Struve
Dai Zhen's Text-Critical Moral Philosophy	44	(2)
L. Struve
Letter in Shi Zhongming Concerning Scholarship	46	(2)
L. Struve
Letter in Reply to Advanced Scholar Peng Yunchu	48	(4)
John Ewell
Zhang Xuecheng's Philosophy of History	52	(1)
L. Struve
``Virtue in the Historian''	53	(2)
``Virtue in the Writer''	55	(2)
Women's Learning	57	(3)
Susan Mann
Cui Shu and the Critical Spirit	60	(1)
Foreword to the Essentials of the Record of Beliefs Investigated	61	(2)
Han Learning and Western Learning	63	(3)
The Qing Version of Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy	66	(7)
Village Lectures and the Sacred Edict	70	(1)
The Sacred Edict	71	(2)
Popular Values and Beliefs	73	(69)
David Johnson
Ensemble Performance	74	(44)
Ritual	75	(1)
A Procession on the Birthday of the Sanzong God	76	(3)
The Great Sai Ritual of Zhangzi County, Shanxi	79	(2)
The Refining Fire Ritual of Shenze Village, Zhejiang	81	(5)
The Attack on Hell, a Popular Funeral Ritual	86	(6)
John Lagerwey
Opera	92	(3)
Mulian Rescues His Mother	95	(10)
Guo Ju Buries His Son	105	(13)
Solo Performance	118	(15)
Verse	118	(1)
``Woman Huang Explicates the Diamond Sutra''	118	(4)
``Song of Guo Mountain''	122	(2)
Prose	124	(1)
Sacred Edict Lecturing	125	(1)
Chantefable	126	(1)
The Precious Scroll [Baojuan] on the Lord of the Stove	126	(7)
Written Texts	133	(9)
Scriptures	134	(1)
The True Scripture of the Great Emperor	135	(3)
Tracts	138	(1)
Selections from The Twenty-four Exemplars of Filial Piety	138	(4)
Chinese Responses to Early Christian Contacts	142	(13)
David Mungello
Li Zhizao: Preface to The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven	144	(3)
Xu Guangqi: A Memorial in Defense of the [Western] Teaching	147	(3)
Yang Guangxian's Critique of Christianity	150	(2)
Yang Guangxian: I Cannot Do Otherwise (Budeyi)	150	(2)
John D. Young
Zhang Xingyao and the Inculturation of Christianity	152	(3)
An Examination of the Similarities and Differences Between the Lord of Heaven Teaching [Christianity] and the Teaching of the Confucian Scholars	153	(2)
Chinese Statecraft and the Opening of China to the West	155	(58)
Chen Hongmou and Mid-Qing Statecraft	156	(12)
William Rowe
On Substantive Learning	157	(3)
On Universal Education	160	(1)
On Women's Education	161	(1)
On the Duties of an Official	162	(5)
On Governance by Local Elites	167	(1)
Statecraft in the Grain Trade and Government-Controlled Brokerages	168	(4)
Pierre-Etienne Will
A Memorial on Grain Prices, the Grain Trade, and Government-Controlled Brokerages	169	(3)
Hong Liangji: On Imperial Malfeasance and China's Population Problem	172	(7)
K.C. Liu
Letter to Prince Cheng Earnestly Discussing the Political Affairs of the Time, 1799	172	(2)
China's Population Problem	174	(2)
The Deterioration of Local Government	176	(2)
The Roots of Rebellion	178	(1)
Gong Zizhen's Reformist Vision	179	(5)
K.C. Liu
On the Lack of Moral Fiber Among Scholar-Officials	180	(1)
Institutional Paralysis and the Need for Reform	181	(2)
The Scholar-Teacher and Service to a Dynasty	183	(1)
Respect for the Guest	183	(1)
Wei Yuan and Confucian Practicality	184	(14)
K.C. Liu
The Learning of Statecraft	184	(1)
Wei Yuan: Preface to Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings	185	(1)
Huangchao Jingshi Wenbian
Criteria for Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings	186	(2)
Learning and the Role of Scholar-Officials	188	(1)
On Governance	188	(4)
Philip Kuhn
The Pursuit of Profit	192	(2)
On Institutional Progress in History	194	(2)
On Merchants and Reform	196	(1)
On Taxation and the Merchants	196	(1)
On Reform of the Tribute-Rice Transport System, 1825	197	(1)
On Reform of the Salt Monopoly	197	(1)
The Western Intrusion Into China	198	(8)
The Lesson of Lin Zexu	201	(1)
Letter to the English Ruler	202	(3)
Letter to Wu Zixu on the Need for Western Guns and Ships	205	(1)
Wei Yuan and the West	206	(7)
Preface to Military History of the Qing Dynasty	207	(2)
Shengwu Jixu
K.C. Liu
Preface to Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Countries	209	(4)
Haiguo Tuzhi
The Heavenly Kingdom of the Taipings	213	(18)
The Book of Heavenly Commandments	218	(3)
Tiantiao Shu
A Primer in Verse	221	(2)
Youxue Shi
The Taiping Economic Program	223	(8)
The Principles of the Heavenly Nature	226	(5)
Tianqing Daolishu
PART SIX Reform and Revolution	231	(252)
Moderate Reform and the Self-Strengthening Movement	233	(17)
K.C. Liu
Feng Guifen: On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons	235	(2)
On the Adoption of Western Learning	237	(3)
Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang: On Sending Young Men Abroad to Study	240	(2)
Xue Fucheng: On Reform	242	(2)
Zhang Zhidong: Exhortation to Learn	244	(6)
Radical Reform at the End of the Qing	250	(64)
Wang Tao on Reform	251	(3)
Yan Fu on Evolution and Progress	254	(6)
Don Price
``On Strength''	256	(4)
Kang Youwei and the Reform Movement	260	(13)
Confucius As a Reformer	266	(1)
The Three Ages	267	(2)
The Need for Reforming Institutions	269	(1)
The Grand Commonality	270	(3)
Conservative Reactions	273	(7)
Chester Tan
Chu Chengbo: Reforming Men's Minds Comes Before Reforming Institutions	275	(1)
Zhu Yixin: Fourth Letter in Reply to Kang Youwei	276	(2)
Ye Dehui: The Superiority of China and Confucianism	278	(2)
Tan Sitong	280	(4)
The Study of Humanity	281	(3)
Reform Edict of January 29, 1901	284	(3)
Douglas Reynolds
Liang Qichao	287	(15)
Renewing the People	288	(5)
``The Consciousness of Rights''	293	(2)
Peter Zarrow
``The Concept of the Nation''	295	(3)
P. Zarrow
Liang Qichao and the New Press	298	(2)
Joan Judge
Inaugural Statement for the Eastern Times	300	(2)
Shibao
J. Judge
Advocates of Script Reform	302	(6)
Victor Mair
Song Shu: Illiteracy in China	303	(1)
Lu Zhuangzhang's Attempt at Romanization	304	(1)
Shen Xue's Universal Script	305	(2)
Wang Zhao's ``Mandarin Letters''	307	(1)
Zhang Binglin's Revolutionary Nationalism	308	(6)
P. Zarrow
Letter Opposing Kang Youwei's Views on Revolution	309	(5)
The Nationalist Revolution	314	(37)
Sun Yat-sen and the Nationalist Revolution	314	(2)
Hu Hanmin	316	(4)
``The Six Principles of the People's Report''	316	(4)
Sun Yat-sen	320	(10)
The Three People's Principles	320	(3)
The Principles of Democracy	323	(3)
The People's Livelihood	326	(2)
The Three Stages of Revolution	328	(2)
Democracy and Absolutism: The Debate Over Political Tutelage	330	(7)
Luo Longji: What Kind of Political System Do We Want?	331	(3)
Jiang Tingfu: ``Revolution and Absolutism''	334	(2)
Hu Shi: ``National Reconstruction and Absolutism''	336	(1)
Chiang Kai-shek: Nationalism and Traditionalism	337	(10)
Chiang Kai-shek: Essentials of the New Life Movement	340	(4)
China's Destiny	344	(3)
Jiang Jingguo (Chiang Ching-kuo): The Republic of China in Taiwan	347	(4)
The Evolution of Constitutional Democracy in Taiwan	348	(1)
Implementing ``The Three People's Principles''	349	(2)
The New Culture Movement	351	(45)
Wing-Tsit Chan
The Attack on Confucianism	352	(4)
Chen Duxiu: ``The Way of Confucius and Modern Life''	353	(3)
The Literary Revolution	356	(8)
Hu Shi: ``A Preliminary Discussion of Literary Reform''	357	(3)
Chen Duxiu: ``On Literary Revolution''	360	(1)
Hu Shi: ``Constructive Literary Revolution -- A Literature of National Speech''	361	(3)
The Doubting of Antiquity	364	(2)
Gu Jiegang: Preface to Debates on Ancient History (1926)	364	(2)
A New Philosophy of Life	366	(4)
Chen Duxiu: The True Meaning of Life	366	(2)
Hu Shi: ``Pragmatism''	368	(2)
The Debate on Science and the Philosophy of Life	370	(7)
Zhang Junmai: ``The Philosophy of Life''	370	(2)
Ding Wenjiang: ``Metaphysics and Science''	372	(2)
Wu Zhihui: ``A New Concept of the Universe and Life Based on a New Belief''	374	(1)
Hu Shi: Science and Philosophy of Life	375	(2)
The Controversy Over Chinese and Western Cultures	377	(12)
Liang Qichao: ``Travel Impressions from Europe''	378	(1)
Liang Shuming: Chinese Civilization vis-a-vis Eastern and Western Philosophies	379	(3)
Reconstructing the Community	382	(4)
Hu Shi: Our Attitude Toward Modern Western Civilization	386	(1)
Sa Mengwu, He Bingsong, and Others: ``Declaration for Cultural Construction on a Chinese Basis''	387	(1)
Hu Shi: Criticism of the ``Declaration for Cultural Construction on a Chinese Basis''	388	(1)
Radical Critiques of Traditional Society	389	(7)
Peter Zarrow
He Zhen: ``What Women Should Know About Communism''	389	(3)
Women's Revenge	392	(2)
Han Yi: ``Destroying the Family''	394	(2)
The Communist Revolution	396	(30)
The Seedbed of the Communist Revolution: The Peasantry and the Anarcho-Communist Movement	399	(7)
Peter Zarrow
Liu Shipei: ``Anarchist Revolution and Peasant Revolution''	400	(4)
Li Dazhao: The Victory of Bolshevism	404	(2)
Mao's Revolutionary Doctrine	406	(20)
``Report on an Investigation of the Human Peasant Movement''	406	(5)
``The Question of Land Redistribution''	411	(1)
The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party	412	(5)
The Mass Line	417	(1)
On New Democracy	418
The Dictatorship of the People's Democracy	123	(303)
Chinese Communist Praxis	426	(24)
Liu Shaoqi: How to Be a Good Communist	427	(5)
Mao Zedong: The Rectification Campaign	432	(18)
Report of the Propaganda Bureau of the Central Committee on the Zhengfeng Reform Movement, April 1942	432	(2)
Wang Shiwei: ``Wild Lily''	434	(1)
Liu Shaoqi: ``On Inner-Party Struggle''	435	(4)
Mao Zedong: ``Combat Liberalism''	439	(2)
Mao Zedong: ``On Art and Literature''	441	(3)
Wang Shiwei: ``Political Leaders, Artists''	444	(2)
Ding Ling: ``Thoughts on March 8, 1942''	446	(4)
The Mao Regime	450	(33)
Establishment of the People's Republic	450	(8)
Mao Zedong: ``Learning to One Side''	452	(1)
Mao Zedong: ``Stalin Is Our Commander''	453	(1)
Guo Moruo: Ode to Stalin -- ``Long Live Stalin'' on His Seventieth Birthday, 1949	454	(1)
Chao-ying Fang
Ji Yun: ``How China Proceeds with the Task of Industrialization'' (1953)	455	(1)
Li Fuqun: ``Report on the First Five-Year Plan for Development of the National Economy of the People's Republic of China in 1953-1957, July 5 and 6, 1955''	456	(2)
Changes in Mid-Course	458	(16)
Mao Zedong: ``The Question of Agricultural Cooperation, ''July 31, 1955	458	(1)
Mao Zedong: ``On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People''	459	(5)
Liu Binyan: ``A Higher Kind of Loyalty''	464	(1)
Intellectual Opinions from the Hundred Flowers Period	465	(3)
Mao Zedong: Remarks at the Beidaihe Conference, August 1958	468	(1)
Peng Dehuai: ``Letter of Opinion'' to Mao Zedong on the Great Leap Forward, July 1959	469	(2)
Wu Han: ``Hai Rui Scolds the Emperor, ''June 19, 1959	471	(3)
The Cultural Revolution	474	(9)
The Sixteen Points: Guidelines for the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution	474	(1)
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong	475	(2)
``What Have Song Shuo, Lu Ping, and Peng Peiyun Done in the Cultural Revolution?''	477	(1)
Red Guard Memoirs	478	(1)
Wang Xizhe, Li Zhengtian, Chen Yiyang, Guo Hongzhi: ``The Li Yi Zhe Poster,'' November 1974	479	(4)
PART SEVEN The Return to Stability and Tradition	483	(102)
Deng's ``Modernization'' and Its Critics	485	(42)
R. Lufrano
The Turn to Stability and Modernization	487	(9)
Zhou Enlai: ``Report on the Work of the Government,'' delivered on January 13, 1975, at the First Session of the Fourth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China	487	(1)
Communique of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, December 22, 1978	488	(3)
Yu Qiuli: ``The Relationship Between Politics and Economics''	491	(1)
``Uphold the Four Basic Principles, '' Speech by Deng Xiaoping, March 30, 1979	492	(1)
``Building Socialist Spiritual Civilization, ''Letter From Li Chang, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to a Member of the Party Central Committee, December 1980	493	(1)
Office of the CCP Dehong Dai Nationality and Qingbo Autonomous Zhou Committee: ``Several Questions in Strengthening and Perfecting the Job Responsibility Systems of Agricultural Production,'' November 7, 1980	494	(2)
Early Critiques of the Deng Regime	496	(11)
Publication Statement, Beijing Spring Magazine, January 1979	496	(1)
Wei Jingsheng: The Fifth Modernization--Democracy, 1978	497	(3)
Kristina Torgeson
Democracy or New Dictatorship, Exploration, March 1979	500	(1)
Wall Poster from the April Fifth Forum	501	(1)
Hu Ping: ``On Freedom of Speech,'' Written for His Successful 1980 Campaign to Become Beijing University's Delegate to the Haidian District People's Assembly	502	(1)
Wang Ruoshui: ``Discussing the Question of Alienation''	503	(2)
Wang Ruoshui: ``In Defense of Humanism''	505	(2)
Assessing the New Policies	507	(5)
Deng Xiaoping: ``Build Socialism with Chinese Characteristics''	507	(3)
Chen Yun: Speech Given at the Chinese Communist National Representative Conference, September 23, 1985	510	(2)
New Demands for Change and Democracy	512	(8)
Fang Lizhi: Democracy, Reform, and Modernization	512	(4)
Fang Lizhi: ``Reform and Intellectuals,'' Talk Given in 1986	516	(1)
Fang Lizhi: ``The Social Responsibility of Today's Intellectuals,'' Speech Given at Beijing University, November 4,1985	516	(1)
Li Xiaojiang: ``Awakening of Women's Consciousness''	517	(3)
The New Authoritarianism	520	(7)
Wu Jiaziang: ``An Outline for Studying the New Authoritarianism,'' May 1989	520	(2)
Rong Jian: ``Does China Need an Authoritarian Political System in the Course of Modernization?,'' May 1989	522	(1)
Yan Jiaqi: ``How China Can Become Prosperous''	523	(4)
Twentieth-Century Christianity in China	527	(18)
Julia Ching
Ma Xiangbo	528	(5)
Religion and the State	530	(1)
Ruth Hayhoe
Religion and Culture	531	(2)
R. Hayhoe
Zhao Zichen	533	(3)
``Present-Day Religious Thought and Life in China''	534	(1)
Leadership and Citizenship Training	535	(1)
Wu Yaozong	536	(4)
``The Present-Day Tragedy of Christianity''	537	(2)
``The Reformation of Christianity''	539	(1)
The Christian Manifesto	539	(1)
Wang Mingdao	540	(1)
``We, Because of Faith''	540	(1)
Wu Jingxiong: Christianity and Chinese Tradition	541	(4)
``Beyond East and West''	542	(1)
``The Lotus and the Mud''	543	(2)
Reopening the Debate on Chinese Tradition	545	(40)
The New Confucians	545	(13)
Xiong Shili	547	(3)
Tu Weiming
Manifesto for a Reappraisal of Sinology and the Reconstruction of Chinese Culture	550	(8)
Mou Zongsan's Confucian Philosophy	558	(6)
John Berthrong
The Sensitivity and Steadfastness of Humaneness (ren)	558	(3)
Feng Youlan: ``China--An Ancient Nation with a New Mission''	561	(3)
The Continuing Critique of Tradition	564	(21)
Bo Yang: ``The Ugly Chinaman''	565	(3)
Sun Longji: ``The Deep Structure of Chinese Culture''	568	(2)
Su Xiaokang and Wang Luxiang: ``River Elegy,'' a Television Documentary	570	(4)
Li Zehou: ``A Revaluation of Confucianism''	574	(7)
Woei Lien Chong
Gu Mu: Confucianism as the Essence of Chinese Tradition	581	(4)
Bibliography	585	(10)
Index	595