Sources of Japanese Tradition

by De Bary, William Theodore

• ISBN13: 9780231086059
• ISBN10: 0231086059
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1964-06-01
• Publisher: Columbia Univ Pr

Summary

Since it was first published more than forty years ago, Sources of Japanese Tradition, Volume 2, has been considered the authoritative sourcebook for readers and scholars interested in Japan from the eighteenth century to the post-World War II period. Now greatly expanded to include the entire twentieth century, and beginning in 1600, Sources of Japanese Tradition presents writings by modern Japan's most important philosophers, religious figures, writers and political leaders. The volume also offers extensive introductory essays and commentary to assist in understanding the documents' historical settings and significance. Wonderfully varied in its selections, this eagerly anticipated expanded edition has revised many of the texts from the original edition and added a great many not included or translated before. New additions include documents on the postwar era, the importance of education in the process of modernization, and women's issues.Beginning with documents from the founding of the Tokugawa shogunate, the collection's essays, manifestos, religious tracts, political documents, and memoirs reflect major Japanese religious, philosophical, social and political movements. Subjects covered include the spread of neo-Confucian and Buddhist teachings, Japanese poetry and aesthetics, and the Meiji Restoration. Other documents reflect the major political trends and events of the period: the abolition of feudalism, agrarian reform, the emergence of poltical parties and liberalism, and the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars. The collection also includes Western and Japanese impressions of each other through Western religious missions and commercial and cultural exchanges. These selections underscore Japanese and Western apprehension of and fascination with each other.As Japan entered the twentieth century, new political and social movements -- Marxism, anarchism, socialism, nationalism, and feminism -- entered the national consciousness. Later readings in the collection look at the buildup to war with the United States, military defeat and American occupation. Documents from the postwar period echo Japan's struggle with its own history and its development as a capitalist democracy.

Table of Contents

Chronological Table	xiii
Chapter XXII: The Shinto Revival	1	(46)
KADA AZUMAMARO: Petition for the Establishment of a School of National Learning	5	(4)
KAMO MABUCHI: A Study of the Idea of the Nation	9	(6)
MOTOORI NORINAGA	15	(20)
The True Tradition of the Sun Goddness	15	(4)
Wonder	19	(3)
The Error of Rationalism	22	(2)
The Fact of Evil	24	(3)
Good and Evil in the Tale of Genji	27	(3)
Love and Poerty	30	(5)
HIRATA ATSUTANE	35	(12)
On Japanese Learning	37	(2)
The Land of the Gods	39	(1)
The Creator God	40	(1)
Dutch Learning	41	(1)
Ancient Japanese Ethics	42	(1)
The Art of Medicine	43	(1)
Life After Death	44	(3)
Chapter XXIII: Reformers of the Late Tokugawa Period	47	(37)
HONDA TOSHIAKI AND THE DISCOVERY OF EUROPE	48	(8)
Secret Plan for Managing the Country: Shipping	51	(2)
Colonization	53	(3)
SATO NOBUHIRO AND TOTALITARIAN NATIONALISM	56	(17)
Preface to the Essence of Economics	59	(6)
The Population Problem	65	(2)
Total Government	67	(2)
Creation and Cultivation	69	(1)
Confidential Plan of World Unification	70	(3)
NINOMIYA SONTOKU: AGRARIAN REFORM AND COOPERATIVE PLANNING	73	(11)
The Repayment of Virtue	77	(1)
The Practice of Repayment	78	(1)
The Way of Nature	78	(1)
The "Pill" of the Three Religions	79	(2)
The Society for the Repayment of Virtue	81	(3)
Chapter XXIV: The Debate Over Seclusion and Restoration	84	(47)
THE LATER MITO SCHOOL	85	(11)
AIZAWA SEISHISAI: Preface to the New Proposals	88	(2)
The National Policy	90	(3)
The Danger from the West	93	(2)
The Source of Western Unity and Strength	95	(1)
THE OPENING OF JAPAN FROM WITHIN	96	(1)
SAKUMA SHOZAN: EASTERN ETHICS AND WESTERN SCIENCE	96	(13)
Reflections on My Errors	101	(8)
YOSHIDA SHOIN AND THE VALUE OF DEATH	109	(7)
On Leadership	111	(1)
On Being Direct	112	(1)
Arms and Learning	112	(1)
Facing Death	113	(1)
Selfishness and Heroism	114	(2)
FUKUZAWA YUKICHI, PIONEER OF WESTERNIZATION	116	(15)
Excerpts from His Autobiography	118	(13)
Chapter XXV: The Meiji Era	131	(80)
LEADERS OF THE RESTORATION AND RENOVATION	132	(2)
THE ENLIGHTENED RULE OF EMPEROR MEIJI	134	(6)
The Charter Oath	136	(1)
The Constitution of 1868	137	(2)
The Imperial Rescript on Education	139	(1)
KIDO KOIN AND THE NEW REGIME	140	(7)
The Voluntary Surrender of the Feudal Domains	141	(1)
Observations on Returning from the West	142	(3)
The Need for News of the West	145	(2)
SAIGO TAKAMORI AND THE SAMURAI SPIRIT	147	(3)
Letters to Itagaki on the Korean Question	148	(2)
OKUBO TOSHIMICHI AND THE KOREAN QUESTION	150	(6)
Reasons for Opposing the Korean Expedition	151	(5)
ITO HIROBUMI AND THE CONSTITUTION	156	(16)
Memorandum of Okubo's Views on Constitutional Government	158	(1)
From an Address on the Constitution	159	(2)
On the Constitution of 1889	161	(3)
Reminiscences on the Drafting of the New Constitution	164	(5)
Speech on the Restoration and Constitutional Government	169	(3)
OKUMA AND POLITICAL DEMOCRACY	172	(4)
ITAGAKI TAISUKE: Memorial on the Establishment of a Representative Assembly	176	(2)
Address on Liberty	178	(4)
OZAKI YUKIO: Factions and Parties	182	(1)
OKUMA SHIGENOBU	183	(10)
Suggestions to the Emperor	183	(1)
On the Launching of the Progressive Party	184	(1)
To the Members of the Progressive Party	185	(2)
Party Politics and Public Opinion	187	(2)
Education--A Pluralistic View	189	(1)
Citizenship in the New World	189	(2)
Conclusion to Fifty Years of New Japan	191	(2)
YAMAGATA ARITOMO AND THE ARMY	193	(18)
Military Conscription Ordinance	196	(2)
Imperial Precepts to Soldiers and Sailors	198	(3)
Local Self-Government	201	(2)
On the Unity of the Cabinet	203	(1)
Yamagata's Political Faith	204	(2)
Racial Conflict and Japan's Foreign Policy	206	(3)
China and the Twenty-One Demands	209	(2)
Chapter XXVI: The High Tide of Prewar Liberalism	211	(41)
DEMOCRACY AT HOME	217	(29)
YOSHINO SAKUZO: On the Meaning of Constitutional Government	217	(22)
MINOBE TATSUKICHI: Defense of the "Organ" Theory	239	(7)
PEACEFUL COOPERATION ABROAD	246	(6)
SHIDEHARA KIJURO: A Rapprochement with China	247	(2)
International Cooperation and Arms Reduction	249	(1)
YAMAMURO SOBUN: Call for a Peaceful Japan	250	(2)
Chapter XXVII: The Rise of Revolutionary Nationalism	252	(47)
JAPAN AND ASIA	254	(5)
An Anniversary Statement by the Amur Society	255	(4)
AGITATION BY ASSASSINATION	259	(3)
ASAHI HEIGO: Call for a New "Restoration"	260	(2)
THE PLIGHT OF THE COUNTRYSIDE	262	(4)
GONDO SEIKEI: The Gap between the Privileged Classes and the Commoners	263	(3)
KITA IKKI AND THE REFORM WING OF ULTRANATIONALISM	266	(11)
Plan for the Reorganization of Japan	268	(9)
THE CONSERVATIVE REAFFIRMATION	277	(11)
Fundamentals of Our National Polity	278	(10)
THE JUSTIFICATION FOR WAR	288	(1)
OKAWA SHUMEI: The Way of Japan and the Japanese	288	(1)
HASHIMOTO KINGORO: The Need for Emigration and Expansion	289	(2)
THE DECLARATION OF WAR	291	(3)
TOKUTOMI IICHIRO: Comentary on the Imperial Declaration of War	291	(3)
THE WAR GOAL	294	(5)
Draft of Basic Plan for Establishment of Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: Outline of Construction	294	(5)
Chapter XXVIII: The Japanese Social Movement	299	(39)
A Summons to the Workers	300	(4)
KOTOKU SHUSUI: Renunciation of Parliamentary Tactics	304	(3)
Resolution of the Japan General Federation of Labor	307	(2)
ABE ISOO: The Second Restoration	309	(4)
KAWAKAMI HAJIME	313	(8)
A Letter from Prison	315	(1)
Concerning Marxism	316	(5)
A Change of Direction?--Statement of the Socialist Masses Party	321	(4)
KAWAI EIJIRO: Defense of Liberal Socialism	325	(5)
AKAMATSU KATSUMARO: The Japanese Social Movement in Retrospect	330	(2)
OYAMA IKUO: Japan's Future Course	332	(6)
Chapter XXIX: The Japanese Tradition in the Modern World	338	(63)
UCHIMURA KANZO	340	(10)
How I Became a Christian	341	(4)
The Case of Lese Majesty	345	(2)
The Non-Church Movement	347	(1)
Japanese Christianity	348	(1)
"Two J's"	349	(1)
NISHIDA KITARO: The Problem of Japanese Culture	350	(15)
KAW KAMI HAJIME: Religious Truth and Scientific Truth	365	(8)
TANAKA KOTARO: In Search of Truth and Peace	373	(11)
HASEGAWA NYOZEKAN: The Lost Japan and the New Japan	384	(9)
KAMEI KATSUICHIRO: Return to the East	393	(8)
Index	401
Map Japan in the Nineteenth Century	xv