The South in the History of the Nation A Reader, Volume Two: From Reconstruction

by Link, William A.; Spruill Wheeler, Marjorie

• ISBN13: 9780312157876
• ISBN10: 0312157878
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-02-15
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Summary

A new kind of primary source reader for the U.S. survey,The South in the History of the Nationenlivens American history for students in the South by placing it in familiar contexts. Fifteen chapters in each volume explore episodes and issues of national import with a broad swath of regional examples. More than 100 readings drawn from southern sources among them letters, speeches, diary entries, government records, newspaper articles, and interviews balance a variety of political and social topics. Because the organization and pace of the chapters parallel most major survey tests, instructors can easily incorporate the documents into the survey course without making extensive alternations to the syllabus. Generous editorial apparatus including chapter introductions that identify the relationship between the southern documents and the national history, headnotes, prereading questions, gloss notes, and bibliographies guides students through the documents and constantly emphasizes their role in the American history survey course.

Author Biography

WILLIAM A. LINK is department head and professor of history at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He is author of A Hard Country and Lonely Place: Schooling, Society, and Reform in Rural Virginia, 1870-1920 (1986); The Paradox of Southern Progressivism, 1880-1930 (1992); Power and Purpose in American Higher Education (1995); and The Rebuilding of Old Commonwealths and Other Documents of Social Reform in the Progressive Era South (Bedford Books, 1996)

MARJORIE SPRUILL WHEELER, professor of history at the University of Southern Mississippi, is a former president of the Southern Association for Women Historians. She is best known for her work on the woman suffrage movement, including New Women of the South: Leaders of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the Southern States (1993) and One Woman, One Vote: Rediscovering the Woman Suffrage Movement (1995), the companion volume to the PBS documentary One Woman, One Vote.

Table of Contents

  Preface
    
VOLUME I
    
  I. Cultures in Conflict: Indian-European Encounters in the American South
    1. The Spanish and the Indians in "La Florida"
       Garcilasso de la Vega, The Inca, On Hernando de Soto's Expedition, 1605
    2. Indians in Virginia
       Powhatan, Address to John Smith, 1608
    3. The English in Virginia
       John Smith, Description of Indian Life and Culture, 1612
    4. The French on the Gulf Coast
       Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur de d'Iberville, Journal Entries, 1699
    
  II. Colonization: Religion and the Founding of Maryland
    5. Catholic Intentions
       Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore, Instructions to His Colonists, 1633
    6. Jesuit Missionaries
       Father Edward Knott, S. J., From the "Annual Letter of the English Province of the Society of Jesus," 1638
    7. A Violent Confrontation
       Leonard Strong, Babylon's Fall, 1655
    
  III. The Crisis of the Late Seventeenth Century: Social Tensions and Rebellion in Virginia
    8. The Servant's Experience
       James Revel, "The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon's Sorrowful Account of His Fourteen Years Transportation at Virginia in America," c. 1680
    9. The Lawne's Creek Rising
       Evidence from the Surry County Deed Book and the Surry County Order Book, January 1673/74
    10. Two Women View the Frontier
       Elizabeth Bacon and Mary Horsmanden Byrd, Letters, 1676
    11. Bacon's Rebellion
       The Royal Commissioners, "A True Narrative of the Late Rebellion in Virginia," 1677
    
  IV. The Eighteenth Century: Prosperity and the Planter Elite
    12. A Life of Leisure
       William Byrd, Entries from His Secret Diary, 1709
    13. A Woman Planter in South Carolina
       Eliza Pinckney, Letters to her Children, to George Morly, and to Mrs. Evance, 1758 – 1760
    14. A Plantation Owner's Difficulties
       Landon Carter, Entries from His Diary, 1766
    
  V. Pre-Revolutionary America: The Regulators and the Carolina Backcountry in Turmoil
    15. Pre-Revolutionary Turmoil: THe North Carolina Regulators
       Edmund Fanning and Samuel Spencer, Letters to William Tryon, 1768
    16. The Regulator Critique
       Joshua Teague et al., Letter to Harmon Husbands, 1769
    17. A Regulator Perspective
       Harmon Husbands, Introduction to A Fan for Fanning and a Touch-Stone to Tryon, 1771
    18. The Hillsborough Riot
       Richard Henderson and the Virginia Gazette, Reports of the Riot, 1770
    
  VI. The Revolution: A Proposal for Arming Slaves
    19. The British Call Slaves to Arms
       John Murray, Earl of Dunmore, Proclamation, 1775
    20. A Patriot's "Scheme"
       Henry Laurens and John Laurens, Correspondence between a Slaveholder and His Son, 1776-1779
    21. Extreme Measures for Difficult Times
       Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, Christopher Gadsen, John Laurens, and David Ramsay, Letters, 1779
    22. Defeated By a "Triple-Headed Monster"
       John Laurens and George Washington, Correspondence, 1782
    
  VII. The Creation of the American Republic: Slavery and the Constitution
    23. Slavery and Representation
       James Madison, Debates in the Federal Convention, June 11-July 12, 1787
    24. The African Slave Trade
       James Madison, Debates in the Federal Convention, August 21-25, 1787
    25. A Southerner Opposes the Three-Fifths Clause
       Luther Martin, "Genuine Information," 1788
    26. Ratification
       Debates in South Carolina, Virginia, and North Carolina, 1788
    
  VIII. The New Republic: The "Americanization" of New Orleans
    27. Explaining the French Decision
    Pierre Clément Laussat, Proclamation in the Name of the French Republic, to the Louisianians, 1803
    28. Establishing a Government for Orleans Territory
       Thomas Jefferson and William C. C. Claiborne, Correspondence, 1804
    29. Fears for the Church in a Secular Republic
       The Ursulines of New Orleans and Thomas Jefferson Correspondence, 1804
    30. Creoles Demand the Civil Law
       Legislative Council of the Territory of Orleans, Resolution, 1806
    31. Changes in New Orleans Society
       Benjamin Latrobe, Entries from His Diary, 1819
    
  IX. The Age of Jackson: The Removal of the Cherokee
    32. The Civilized State of the Cherokees
       John Ridge, Letter to Albert Gallatin, 1826
    33. Disputing Georgia's Claim
       Chief John Ross, Annual Message to the Cherokee Nation, 1828
    34. Justifying Removal
       Wilson Lumpkin and Andrew Jackson, Arguments for Removal, 1830
    35. The Trail of Tears
       Evan Jones, Letters, 1838
    
  X. Antebellum Reform: Religion and Morality in the Debate over Slavery
    36. A Minister Defends Slavery
       Richard Furman, The Biblical Justification for Slavery, 1822
    37. Slavery Defended as Moral and Beneficial
       George Fitzhugh, "Slavery Justified, by a Southerner," 1850
    38. An "Expatriate" Urges Women to Oppose Slavery
       Angelina Grimké, From "Appeal to the Christian Women of the South," 1836
    39. A Former Slave Exposes Hypocrisy
       Frederick Douglass, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" 1852
    
  XI. The Texas Frontier
    40. Texas and the Union
       Stephen F. Austin, Address Delivered at Louisville, Kentucky, 1836
    41. Going to Texas
       Ann Raney Thomas Coleman, A Frontier Marriage, 1830s
    42. Life in Texas
       Frederic Law Olmsted, "Route across Eastern Texas," 1857
    
  XII. The Slave South: The Case of Jordan Hatcher
    43. Trial and Conviction
       Trial Record from the Case of Jordan Hatcher, 1852
    44. Pleading for Justice
       Petitions for and against Commutation, 1852
    45. The Commutation
       Governor Joseph Johnson, Messages to the Legislature, 1852
    46. Virginians React
       Newspaper Articles, 1852
    
  XIII. The Sectional Crisis: John Brown's Raid, True Womanhood, and the Alienation of North and South
    47. A Plea from Massachusetts
       Lydia Maria Child, Letter to Governor Wise, 1859
    48. The Virginia Governor's Response
       Governor Wise, Letter to Lydia Maria Child, 1859
    49. What Is a True Woman to Do?
       Margaretta Mason and Lydia Maria Child, Correspondence, 1859
    
  XIV. The Civil War: The Minds and Hearts of the Southern People
    50. A Confederate Officer
       William L. Nugent, Letters to Eleanor Smith Nugent, 1861-1865
    51. A Confederate Soldier
       John Dooley, Journal Entries, 1862 and 1863
    52. A Young Woman in Occupied New Orleans
       Clara Soloman, From Her Diary, 1862
    53. A Unionist in Tennessee
       W. G. Brownlow, Explaining Union Support from the Border States, 1862
    54. Black Loyalists in Louisiana
       Letters and Petition, 1862, 1864
    
  XV. Reconstruction: Black Freedom and the Ku Klux Klan
    55. The Rise of the Klan
       Alexander K. Davis and Lydia Anderson, Testimony for the Joint Select Committee in Macon, Mississippi, 1871
    56. A Northern View
    Harper's Weekly, "The Ku-Klux Conspiracy," 1872
    57. Missionary Women and Black Education
       Maria Waterbury, From Seven Years among the Freedmen, 1890
    58. The Legacy of the Klan
       Albion W. Tourgée, "The Causes, Character, and Consequences of the Ku-Klux Organization," 1880
    
VOLUME II
    
  I. Reconstruction: Black Freedom and the Ku Klux Klan
    1. The Rise of the Klan
       Alexander K. Davis and Lydia Anderson, Testimony for the Joint Select Committee of Macon, Mississippi, 1871
    2. A Northern View
       Harper's Weekly, "The Ku-Klux Conspiracy," 1872
    3. Missionary Women and Black Education
       Maria Waterbury, From Seven Years among the Freedmen, 1890
    4. The Legacy of the Klan
       Albion W. Tourgée, "The Causes, Character, and Consequences of the Ku-Klux Organization," 1880
    
  II. Westward Expansion: The Texas Border Wars
    5. Horse Thieves on the Mexican Border
       Mexican Commission, Report on the Northern Frontier Question, 1875
    6. "In the Country of the Bad Man"
       Luvenia Conway Roberts, From A Woman's Reminiscences of Six Years in Camp with the Texas Rangers, 1928
    7. Buffalo Soldiers on the Border
       Major J. F. Wade, Colonel Edward Hatch, Edwards Pierreport, and Stephen Powers, Reports on the Solis Affair, 1875
    
  III. The Gilded Age: The Farmers' Alliance and Populism
    8. What Did Farmers Want?
        "Little" Jennie Scott Wilson and Ben Terrell, Addresses to the Texas and Georgia Farmers' Alliances, 1888 and 1889
    9. An Economic Proposal
       Committee on the Monetary System, Report, 1889
    10. The St. Louis Demands
       The Farmer's Alliance and Industrial Union, Manifesto, 1889
    11. The Alliance and Southern Politics
       The National Economist, the Richmond Exchange Reporter, and the Virginia Sun, Newspaper Articles, 1890-1892
    12. The Populist Program
       The People's Party of America, Omaha Platform, 1892
    
  IV. The 1890s: The New South and the "Nadir" of American Race Relations
    13. The "Atlanta Compromise"
       Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition Address, 1895
    14. Voices of Protest
       Ida B. Wells and Alexander R. Manly, On Lynching, 1892 and 1898
    15. An Explosion of Violence
       Gunner Jesse Blake and Anonymous, On Racial Violence in Wilmington, North Carolina, 1898
    16. A Plea for Justice
       George H. White, Address to the United States House of Representatives, 1901
    
  V. The Age of Industrialism: From Farm to Mill
    17. Rural Life in Tennessee and Virginia
       Lizzie (Sallie Newman) Gibson, Robert Barnett, Catherine Fitch Stout, and Hattie Murphey McDade, Oral History Interviews, 1939
    18. Moving to the Mills
       August Kohn, "Why They Go to the Mills," 1907
    19. The Making of the Mill Community
       Mary Frederickson and Brent Glass, Interview with Flossie Moore Durham, 1976
    
  VI. The Progressive Era: Woman Suffrage and Progressivism in the South
    20. A Woman's Place Is in Politics
       Madeline McDowell Breckenridge, Adella Hunt Logan, and S. P. Brooks, Arguments for Woman Suffrage, 1912 and 1914
    21. Southern Arguments against Suffrage
       Antisuffrage Leaflets, 1915 and c. 1919
    22. "The Pulse of the South"
       The Southern Review, "How the South Really Feels about Woman Suffrage," 1920
    
  VII. World War I: The Debate about Intervention
    23. Public Opinion
       Literary Digest, "American Sympathies in the War," 1914
    24. The Case for Preparedness
       Lilian Pike Roome and John Sharp Williams, Arguments for Intervention, 1915 and 1916
    25. An Opponent of War
       Claude Kitchin, Speech before Congress, 1917
    
  VIII. The 1920s: Fundamentalism and The Scopes Trial
    26. The Fundamentalist Case
       T. T. Martin, From Hell and the High Schools, 1923
    27. The Scopes Trial
       Outlook, "Evolution in Tennessee," 1925
    28. Surveying the Scene
       John Porter Fort, "Behind the Scenes in Tennessee," 1925
    29. Fundamentalism's Legacy
       H. L. Mencken, Editorial, 1925
    
  IX. The Great Depression: The New Deal and the New South
    30. The Appeal of the Communist Party
       Angelo Herndon, From You Cannot Kill the Working Class, c. 1934
    31. Sharing the Wealth
       Huey P. Long, from "Every Man a King", 1934
    32. The Tennessee Valley Authority and Grass-Roots Democracy
       Odette Keun, From A Foreigner Looks at the TVA, 1937
    
  X. World War II: "The War that Brought Old Dixie Down"?
    33. Serving in a Jim Crow Army
       Charlie Mabrey Jr. and Clarence E. Adams, Letters to the Editor, 1943 and 1944
    34. A Liberating Experience for African Americans
       Myrlie Evers,On How the War's Impact on Medgar Evers, 1967
    35. The Impact on Women
        Marion Stegman, Polly Crow, Ernestine Slade, Peggy Terry, Audrey Ward Norman, Recollections of War jobs, 1943-on
    36. Structural Changes in the South
       John Dos Passos, "Gold Rush Down South," 1943
    
  XI. The McCarthy Era: Frank Porter Graham and the Ordeal of Southern Liberalism
    37. Dr. Frank Attacked
       A. W. Black, "Looking at Dr. Frank Graham's Record," 1948
    38. Frank Graham Defended
       Wayne Morse, "In Fairness to a Great American"
    39. The Fulton Lewis Broadcaset
       Fulton Lewis Jr. and Frank Graham, Accusation and Response, 1949
    40. HUAC and Southern Liberalism
       House Un-American Activities Committee , Report on Frank Graham, 1949
    
  XII. The Civil Rights Movement: Murder in Mississippi
    41. Opening the "Closed Society"
       Bob Moses, Hollis Watkins, Tom Hayden, Sandra Cason (Casey Hayden), Peter Orris, and Unita Blackwell, Interviews, 1970s
    42. "Big Ambitions"
       Rita Schwerner, Letter to Anne Braden, 1964
    43. The Sovereignty Commission Investigates
       A. L. Hopkins, Reports, 1964
    44. The Response of the White Community
       Florence Mars, From Witness in Philadelphia, 1977
    45. "Be Sick and Tired with Me"
       Dave Dennis, Eulogy for James Chaney, 1964
    
  XIII. The Vietnam War: The South Divided
    46. The War and Public Opinion
       William C. Westmoreland, Oral History, 1990
    47. Civil Rights and Foreign Policy
       Martin Luther King Jr., "A Time to Break Silence," 1967
    48. Race Relations in the Armed Services
       Douglas Anderson, Donald L. Whitfield, Don F. Browne, and Reginald Edwards, Oral Histories, 1981 and 1984
    49. Criticism of Protesters
       Spiro T. Agnew, Speeches in Louisiana and Alabama, 1969
    50. Student Protest and Community Response
        "Concerned Students for Peace" and Washington, North Carolina, Residents, Letters to the Editor, 1970
    
  XIV. The 1970s: The ERA and the Rise of the Pro-Family Movement
    51. The President Pledges His Support
       Jimmy Carter, Remarks on Signing Proclamation 4515, 1977
    52. ERA Supporters Speak Out
       Mary Bliss, Katie Morgan, Jessie Rae Scott, Marse Grant, and Elizabeth Koontz, Statements in Favor of Ratification, 1977
    53. Southern Conservatives Fight the ERA
       Sam Ervin, STOP ERA, and Jerry Falwell, Statements against Ratification, 1971, 1975, and 1980
    54. Failures and Successes
       Rosalyn Carter, Reflections on the Carter Administration's Record on Women's Rights, 1984
    
  XV. Contemporary America: The New Immigration in South Florida
    55. The Cuban Experience
       Business Week, "How the Immigrants Made It in Miami" and "South Florida's Melting Pot Is about to Boil," 1971 and 1985
    56. Haitian Boat People
       Alex Stepick and Jake C. Miller, Accounts of Haitian Refugees, 1982 and 1984
    57. Assimilation and Conflict
       Mireya Navarro, "Black and Cuban American: Bias in Two Worlds," 1977