The Spanish Language Today

by Stewart; Miranda

• ISBN13: 9780415142588
• ISBN10: 041514258X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-07-20
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

The Spanish Language Todaydescribes the varied and changing Spanish language at the end of the twentieth century. As conflicting forces work towards the unification and fragmentation of both Peninsular and Latin American Spanish, this book examines where Spanish is spoken on a global scale as well as the status of Spanish within the realms of politics, education and media, with particular reference to the English-only movement in the US. The book also examines the standardization of Spanish and the specific areas of linguistic variation and change, including the effects of language contact on Spanish which is spoken widely in contexts of bi- and multilingualism. Supported throughout by extracts from contemporary press and literary sources,The Spanish Language Todayprovides a comprehensive overview of the varieties of the Spanish language today and is essential for students of the modern Spanish language.

Author Biography

Miranda Stewart is Senior Lecturer in Spanish and Latin American Studies at the University of Strathclyde.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi	(4)
Acknowledgements	xv
PART I Spanish as a world language	1	(40)
1 The extent and status of Spanish in the world	3	(11)
1.0 Introduction	3	(1)
1.1 The extent of Spanish in the world	3	(7)
1.1.0 Spanish in Latin America	3	(2)
1.1.1 Spanish in Spain	5	(1)
1.1.2 Spanish as the second language in the United States	6	(1)
1.1.3 Spanish in the rest of the world	7	(3)
1.2 The status of Spanish as a world language	10	(3)
1.2.0 Economic and cultural potential	10	(1)
1.2.1 Supranational organizations	11	(1)
1.2.2 The promotion of the language	12	(1)
1.3 Conclusion	13	(1)
2 The standardization of Spanish	14	(27)
2.0 Language prescription: from the academy to the style guide	16	(20)
2.0.0 The rise and fall (and rise?) of the academies	16	(5)
2.0.1 Standardization and the media	21	(7)
2.0.2 Standardization in public administration	28	(3)
2.0.3 Guidelines for non-sexist language use	31	(4)
2.0.4 Standardization in science and technology	35	(1)
2.1 Language description: oral and written corpora	36	(3)
2.2 Conclusion	39	(2)
PART II Spanish: variation and change	41	(78)
3 The phonology, phonetics and orthography of Spanish	43	(18)
3.0 The phonology of Spanish	44	(1)
3.1 The phonetics and phonology of Spanish: variation and change	45	(9)
3.2 Orthography	54	(7)
4 Spanish lexis	61	(35)
4.0 Lexical change	61	(27)
4.0.0 Creation of neologisms from Spanish-language stock	62	(20)
4.0.1 Creation of neologisms through borrowing	82	(6)
4.1 Lexical variation	88	(7)
4.1.0 User variation: geography	89	(1)
4.1.1 User variation: age	90	(5)
4.2 Conclusion	95	(1)
5 Spanish morpho-syntax	96	(23)
5.0 The verbal group	96	(15)
5.0.0 Impersonal verbs (haber, hacer)	97	(1)
5.0.1 The passive	97	(1)
5.0.2 Pronominal verbs	98	(1)
5.0.3 Ser/estar	99	(1)
5.0.4 Tense	99	(2)
5.0.5 Modality	101	(4)
5.0.6 Proforms and clitics	105	(6)
5.1 The noun group	111	(2)
5.1.0 The noun	111	(1)
5.1.1 The adjective	112	(1)
5.2 The clause	113	(4)
5.2.0 Queismo/dequeismo	113	(1)
5.2.1 Prepositions	114	(1)
5.2.2 Relative pronouns	115	(1)
5.2.3 Word order	115	(2)
5.3 Conclusion	117	(2)
PART III The Spanish language in use	119	(60)
6 Tu, Vd. and forms of address	121	(14)
6.0 Pronominal paradigms	122	(4)
6.0.0 Spain	122	(1)
6.0.1 Latin America	122	(4)
6.1 The use of tu and Vd. in face-to-face interaction	126	(3)
6.2 Naming	129	(3)
6.3 Illustrative texts	132	(2)
6.4 Conclusion	134	(1)
7 Discourse and genre	135	(26)
7.0 Administrative Spanish	135	(5)
7.1 Legal Spanish	140	(4)
7.2 Political Spanish	144	(6)
7.3 Newspaper reporting	150	(5)
7.4 Taboo: euphemism and political correctness	155	(5)
7.5 Conclusion	160	(1)
8 Conversation, pragmatics and politeness	161	(18)
8.0 Planned and unplanned discourse	161	(3)
8.1 Conversational Spanish	164	(5)
8.1.0 Adjacency pairs	165	(1)
8.1.1 Preferred and dispreferred responses	165	(1)
8.1.2 Repairs	166	(1)
8.1.3 Allocation of turns, interruption and overlap	167	(1)
8.1.4 Closures	167	(1)
8.1.5 Pre-sequences	168	(1)
8.2 Pragmatics and politeness	169	(8)
8.2.0 Directives and requests	171	(5)
8.2.1 Telephone calls	176	(1)
8.3 Conclusion	177	(2)
PART IV Spanish in contact	179	(20)
9 Spanish in contact	181	(18)
9.0 Spanish-based creoles	182	(3)
9.0.0 Philippine creole Spanish (Zamboangueno), Papiamento Palenquero	183	(2)
9.1 Contact with other languages	185	(8)
9.1.0 Spanish/Catalan	185	(1)
9.1.1 Spanish/Portuguese	186	(1)
9.1.2 Spanish/Maya (Yucateca)	187	(1)
9.1.3 Spanish/Italian	188	(2)
9.1.4 Spanish/English	190	(3)
9.2 Borrowing and code-switching	193	(4)
9.3 Conclusion	197	(2)
Conclusion	199	(2)
Notes	201	(13)
Glossary	214	(6)
Selected bibliography and further reading	220	(9)
Other sources	228	(1)
Index	229