Although interest in Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) continues to grow rapidly in a wide range of disciplines, students, planners, managers, and the research community have lacked a book that covers the fundamentals of SDSS along with the advanced design concepts required for building SDSS.

Foreword	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Authors	p. xix
Abbreviations	p. xxi
Introduction	p. 1
Learning Objectives	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Spatial Decision Making	p. 2
What Are Spatial Decisions?	p. 2
Types of Spatial Decisions	p. 5
Spatial Decision-Making Problems	p. 6
Spatial Decision-Making Process	p. 8
Need for Decision Support Systems	p. 11
Definition of SDSS	p. 14
SDSS Characteristics	p. 14
Types or Flavors of SDSS	p. 16
Content of This Book	p. 17
References	p. 20
Evolution and Trends in SDSS	p. 23
Learning Objectives	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
Origins of SDSS	p. 23
Core Drivers for the Development of Spatial Decision Support Technology	p. 25
Information and Communication Technology	p. 25
Spatial Data Availability	p. 26
Applications	p. 28
Users, Developers, and User Interfaces	p. 29
Spatially Explicit Modeling	p. 30
Expert Domain Knowledge	p. 30
DSS-Based Evolution	p. 31
DSS to SDSS	p. 33
GIS-Based Evolution	p. 34
GIS to SDSS	p. 36
SDSS Progression	p. 37
Introduction Phase (1976-1989)	p. 40
Integration Phase (1990-2000)	p. 42
Implementation Phase (2000s)	p. 48
Related and Important Literature	p. 51
Important Contributors to SDSS Development	p. 53
Summary	p. 54
Suggested Readings	p. 55
DSS	p. 55
GIS	p. 55
SDSS	p. 56
References	p. 56
Components of SDSS I: Geographic Information Systems	p. 65
Learning Objectives	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Components of Traditional DSS and GIS	p. 66
Components of SDSS	p. 67
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Overview	p. 68
History of Spatial Information and Data Use	p. 68
Definitions of GIS	p. 70
Coordinate Systems	p. 71
Data Models	p. 72
Vector Data Model	p. 74
Raster Data Model	p. 82
Raster versus Vector	p. 89
Spatial Data Collection	p. 89
Database Management	p. 93
Data Considerations	p. 97
Spatial Data Exploration, Processing, and Analysis	p. 97
Map Data Exploration	p. 98
Data Identification, Examination, and Query	p. 99
Vector Processing and Analysis	p. 105
Buffering	p. 105
Spatial Overlay	p. 108
Pattern Analysis and Spatial Statistics	p. 112
Routing and Network Analysis	p. 113
Raster Data Analysis	p. 115
Local Operations	p. 115
Neighborhood Operations	p. 119
Zonal Operations	p. 119
Data Visualization and Cartography	p. 121
GIS Software	p. 133
Summary	p. 137
References	p. 138
Spatial Data Sources for the United States	p. 140
Global Spatial Data Sources	p. 143
Links for Lists of Commercial and Open Source GIS Software	p. 143
Components of SDSS II	p. 145
Learning Objectives	p. 145
Introduction	p. 145
Model Management Component	p. 145
Modeling Techniques in SDSS	p. 146
Generic Models	p. 148
Boolean Overlays	p. 149
Weighted Linear Combination	p. 149
Analytical Hierarchy Process	p. 152
Ordered Weighted Approach	p. 154
Artificial Neural Networks	p. 154
Cellular Automata	p. 156
Genetic Algorithms	p. 157
Agent-Based Models	p. 157
Fuzzy Modeling Techniques	p. 158
Application-Specific Models	p. 159
Dialog Management Component	p. 166
Stakeholders Component (SC)	p. 175
Knowledge Management Component	p. 178
Summary	p. 180
References	p. 182
SDSS Software	p. 191
Learning Objectives	p. 191
Introduction	p. 191
Existing SDSS Software	p. 194
GIS Software Used in SDSS	p. 194
Problem-Specific SDSS	p. 195
Domain-Level SDSS	p. 200
Generic SDSS	p. 207
IDRISI Macro Modeler	p. 208
ArcGIS ModelBuilder	p. 209
ERDAS IMAGINE	p. 213
Open Source Software	p. 216
Open-SDSS	p. 218
Summary	p. 219
References	p. 220
Building SDSS Software	p. 225
Learning Objectives	p. 225
Introduction	p. 225
SDSS Software Components	p. 227
Common Software for Utilization in SDSS Development	p. 227
Spatial Data Collection, Management, Analysis, and Visualization Software	p. 227
Relational Database Management Software	p. 229
Modeling Software	p. 229
Knowledge Management Software	p. 232
SDSS Development by Software Integration	p. 232
Integration Technologies	p. 233
Integration Strategies	p. 234
Integration Issues	p. 247
Design and Development of SDSS from Scratch	p. 249
Enabling Technologies for the Development of Desktop SDSS	p. 250
Programming Languages	p. 250
Application Development Environments	p. 252
Spatial Libraries	p. 253
SDSS Generator-Geonamica	p. 253
Web-Based SDSS Development and Architecture	p. 254
Cloud Computing	p. 257
Summary	p. 258
References	p. 259
Building Desktop SDSS	p. 267
Learning Objectives	p. 267
Introduction	p. 267
SDSS Development Considerations	p. 268
SDSS Development Process	p. 270
SDSS Development Examples	p. 274
Spreadsheet-Based AHP SDSS (Microsoft Excel)	p. 275
SpreadsheetSDSS Plug-in	p. 298
Customizing Existing Desktop GIS (ArcGIS)	p. 300
Creation of a New Generic SDSS Program	p. 319
Summary	p. 324
References	p. 326
Building Web-Based SDSS	p. 329
Learning Objectives	p. 329
Introduction	p. 329
Web-Based SDSS Developed with ArcGIS Server	p. 331
Web-Based SDSS for Environmentally Sensitive Areas	p. 331
Web-Based SDSS Development with Open Source Software	p. 360
Software Installation	p. 362
Software Used	p. 362
Architecture Used and Implementation	p. 364
Open Source SDSS Download and Execution	p. 364
Detailed Explanation and Code	p. 367
Python Modules	p. 368
View Templates	p. 381
Summary	p. 385
References	p. 385
SDSS Applications	p. 387
Learning Objectives	p. 387
Introduction	p. 387
Reference Collection, Database Creation, and Web-Portal Development	p. 388
Literature Compilation	p. 388
SDSS Database Development	p. 389
Web Portal Development	p. 390
Publication Sources	p. 390
SDSS Application Domains	p. 395
Natural Resources Management	p. 396
Environmental	p. 404
Urban	p. 407
Agriculture	p. 411
Utility/Communication/Energy and Transportation	p. 413
Business	p. 416
Other Major Application Domains	p. 422
Summary	p. 426
References	p. 427
SDSS Challenges and Future Directions	p. 439
Learning Objectives	p. 439
Introduction	p. 439
Technical Challenges	p. 441
Spatial Data Management Component Challenges	p. 441
Model Management Component	p. 444
Model Selection or Development	p. 444
Model Integration	p. 445
Model Usability and Interpretation of Results	p. 446
Dialog Management Component Challenges	p. 447
User Interfaces	p. 447
Output Presentation and Evaluation	p. 448
Technological Challenges	p. 449
Social, Policy, and Organizational Challenges	p. 453
Educational Challenges	p. 455
Future Trends and Directions	p. 457
Summary	p. 459
References	p. 460
Index	p. 463
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