Spatial Information for Land Use Management

by Hill; Michael J.

• ISBN13: 9789056993153
• ISBN10: 9056993151
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-11-17
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing, and environmental modelling are increasingly being used to address land use and land use management issues although much of the development in these applications is based in specific case studies that are not readily accessible to a wide audience. Spatial Information for Land Use Management is designed as a reference that provides a description and discussion of the issues involved in the use of spatial information for land use management. The chapters include detailed examples of the use of spatial information in land use management. The book begins with the technological methods, examines applications in a variety of environments, and describes the ways in which issues of scale, uncertainty, linkage of models and GIS, and problem solution have been addressed.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	xv
List of Colour Plates	xix
Preface	xxi
List of Contributors	xxiii
Acknowledgements	xxvii
Introduction: Spatial Information for Land Use Management	1	(10)
Richard J. Aspinall
Michael J. Hill
Introduction	1	(1)
Context For Developing Use of Spatial Information in Land Use Management And Decision-Making	1	(3)
Description of Land Resources	2	(1)
Uncertainty and Error	2	(1)
Scale and Processes in Space and Time	3	(1)
Information Needs in Decision Processes	3	(1)
Structure of the Book	4	(5)
Issues and Methods in the Application of Spatial Information	4	(2)
Applications for Spatial Information in Resource Management	6	(1)
Analysis and Management of Land Use	7	(2)
References	9	(2)
SECTION 1. ISSUES AND METHODS IN THE APPLICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATION	11	(72)
The Patterns and Characteristics of Global Land Cover	13	(12)
Thomas R. Loveland
Introduction	13	(1)
Global Land Cover Characterization Strategies	14	(1)
The Discover Global Land Cover Initiative	15	(2)
Land Cover Composition of the Earth	17	(2)
Land Cover Characteristics of Major Biomes	19	(4)
Summary and Conclusions	23	(1)
References	23	(2)
Land Surface Characterization Using Lidar Remote Sensing	25	(14)
Ralph Dubayah
Robert Knox
Michelle Hofton
J. Bryan Blair
Jason Drake
Introduction	25	(1)
Background	25	(4)
Lidar Remote Sensing	25	(2)
The Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor	27	(1)
The VCL Mission	28	(1)
Previous Lidar Studies of Forest Structure	28	(1)
Forest Structure From Lidar	29	(7)
Direct Retrievals	30	(1)
Vegetation height	30	(1)
Vertical distribution of canopy material	30	(1)
Crown volume	30	(2)
Subcanopy topography	32	(1)
Modelling and Inference	32	(1)
Biomass	32	(1)
Vertical foliage diversity and multiple layers	32	(1)
Height to live crown	33	(1)
Large tree density	33	(1)
Fusion	33	(1)
Canopy cover and LAI	34	(1)
Physiognomic or life form diversity	34	(1)
Spatial regionalization	34	(2)
The Path Ahead	36	(1)
Acknowledgements	37	(1)
References	37	(2)
Spatial Analysis: Methods and Problems in Land Use Management	39	(14)
Michael F. Goodchild
Introduction	39	(2)
Gis and Spatial Analysis	41	(1)
The Value of Spatial Analysis	42	(1)
Four Problems	43	(3)
Spatial Dependence	43	(2)
Spatial Heterogeneity	45	(1)
Effects of Scale	45	(1)
Selective Testing	46	(1)
Trends in Spatial Analysis	46	(2)
Local Area Analysis	46	(1)
Visual Methods	47	(1)
Multiscale Methods	48	(1)
The Internet	48	(1)
Conclusion	49	(1)
References	50	(3)
Uncertainty and Interpretation of Spatial Information: The Case of Precision Agriculture	53	(16)
Simon E. Cook
Matthew L. Adams
Introduction	53	(1)
Precision Agriculture	53	(2)
Sources of Uncertainty	55	(2)
Spatial and Temporal Variability	55	(1)
Uncertainty, Variability and Ignorance	56	(1)
Reducing Uncertainty Using Spatial Information	57	(4)
Deciding on an Overall Strategy to Cope with Uncertainty	57	(1)
Deciding How Much Variation is Manageable	58	(1)
Significant, controllable, predictable?	58	(1)
Is variation significant?	58	(1)
Is variation controllable?	59	(1)
Is variation predictable?	59	(1)
Selecting the Tools to Handle Information: Models, Diagnosis and Prediction	60	(1)
Determining the Value of Information	60	(1)
A Simple Example of the Application of Spatial Information	61	(3)
Observing Yield Variation	61	(1)
Interpreting Variation (1) Informal Approach	61	(2)
Interpreting Variation (2) Formal Methods	63	(1)
Implementing Change	63	(1)
Conclusion	64	(1)
References	65	(4)
Integrating Simulation Models and Geographic Information for Environmental Problem Solving	69	(14)
David A. Bennett
Raja Sengupta
Jeffrey R. Beaulieu
Steven E. Kraft
Introduction	69	(1)
The Integration of Analytical Models with GIS and SDSS	70	(3)
The Need to Integrate Socio-economic and Physical Process Models	71	(1)
The Need for a Multi-scale Approach	71	(1)
The Need for New Geographical Data Models	72	(1)
Tightly Integrated Systems: A Case Study	73	(5)
Evaluating Impacts of Agricultural Policy on Non-point Source Pollution	74	(1)
A representative farm model and the GEOLP system	74	(2)
AGNPS/ArcView interface	76	(1)
Simulation results	76	(2)
An Alternative Approach: Genetic Algorithms	78	(2)
Conclusions	80	(1)
References	80	(3)
SECTION 2. APPLICATIONS FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION IN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT	83	(60)
Commercializing Remote Sensing for Crop Monitoring: The Potential for Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture	85	(12)
David J. Major
Introduction	85	(1)
Current Knowledge	85	(2)
Visible-Infrared	86	(1)
Thermal Infrared	86	(1)
Resolution	87	(1)
Spatial	87	(1)
Radiometric	87	(1)
Temporal	87	(1)
Satellite Systems	87	(2)
A Commercial Agricultural Satellite System	89	(6)
Technical Challenges	89	(1)
Crop spectral signatures	89	(1)
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function	90	(1)
Atmospheric effects	90	(1)
Commercialization Challenges	90	(1)
Clouds	90	(1)
Processing	91	(1)
Teams	91	(1)
Marketing	91	(1)
Training	92	(1)
Trades and Compromises	92	(1)
Band number and selection	92	(1)
Field of view versus number of satellites	93	(1)
Products	93	(1)
Soil	93	(1)
Canopy vigor	94	(1)
Leaf chlorophyll	94	(1)
Crop moisture	94	(1)
Yield	94	(1)
Crop damage	95	(1)
Conclusions	95	(1)
References	95	(2)
Multispectral Remote Sensing Over Semi-arid Landscapes for Resource Management	97	(16)
Susan L. Ustin
Larry A. Costick
Introduction	97	(4)
Land Management Problems in Semi-arid Regions	97	(1)
The Use of Information Technologies in Resource Management	97	(1)
Characteristics of Satellite and Airborne Sensors	98	(1)
Multispectral remote sensing systems	98	(2)
Hyperspectral imaging systems	100	(1)
Hyperspatial imaging sensors	100	(1)
Applications of Multispectral, Hyperspectral and Hyperspatial Sensor Data for Resource Management	101	(8)
Multispectral Mapping of Mine Locations and Natural Hazards	101	(1)
Hyperspectral Biogeochemical Detection and Land Cover Mapping	102	(1)
Mapping California's oak woodland savannas	102	(2)
Locating hazardous mine wastes	104	(1)
Hyperspatial Mapping of Landscape Structure	104	(1)
Soil salinity and soil quality	104	(3)
Vegetation management and encroachment on economic resources	107	(1)
Predicting Future Landscape Conditions Using Ecosystem Models	107	(2)
Conclusions	109	(1)
References	109	(4)
Applications for Spaital Data in Grassland Monitoring and Management	113	(16)
Michael J. Hill
Introduction	113	(2)
Pastures and Grassland in Southern Australia	113	(2)
Framework for Approach	115	(1)
Some Critical Technologies for the Development of Grassland Applications	115	(3)
Repeatable Classification of Grassland Condition with Remote Sensing	115	(1)
Spatial Interpolation of Sparse Climate and Related Data	116	(1)
Time Series Analysis with NDVI	117	(1)
Probabilistic Approach to Heterogeneity and Uncertainty --- Bayesian Inference	117	(1)
Synthetic Aperture Radar	117	(1)
Case Studies Integrating Some of the Critical Technologies	118	(7)
Mapping Potential Distribution of Pasture Species	118	(1)
Land Cover Classification of Grassland Types	119	(1)
Regional Patterns of Pasture Growth	120	(1)
Estimation of Biophysical Properties of Pasture	121	(1)
Estimation from spectral properties	121	(2)
Estimation from structural properties	123	(1)
Coupling Spatial Data with a Grazing System Model	123	(1)
Analysis of the Pastoral Potential of a Large Property	124	(1)
Some Lessons for Spatial Data Handling for Grasslands	125	(1)
Conclusions	125	(1)
Acknowledgements	126	(1)
References	126	(3)
An Intelligent System for Monitoring Forests	129	(14)
David G. Goodenough
A. (Pal) S. Bhogal
Daniel Charlebois
Andrew Dyk
Richard J. Aspinall
Introduction	129	(1)
System of Experts for Intelligent Data Management: Seidam	130	(9)
SEIDAM Structure	131	(2)
Case-based Reasoning	133	(1)
SEIDAM Use	133	(1)
Data Types	134	(1)
Management and Integration of Multi-temporal and Multi-source Data	134	(2)
Data Volume and Storage	136	(1)
Metadata	137	(1)
Scientific Visualization and Generalization	137	(1)
Machine Learning and User Interaction	138	(1)
User Interface	139	(1)
Example	139	(1)
Conclusions	140	(1)
Acknowledgements	140	(1)
References	140	(3)
SECTION 3. ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND USE	143	(74)
Mapping Biodiversity for Conservation and Land Use Decisions	145	(14)
Michael J. Conroy
Introduction	145	(1)
Steps in the Decision Making Process	145	(3)
Goals and Objectives	145	(1)
Decision Alternatives	146	(1)
Knowledge Base and Models	146	(1)
Optimal Decision Making Under Uncertainty	147	(1)
The Role of Science in Decision Making	148	(1)
Case Study: Forest Management at Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge	148	(9)
Goals and Objectives	149	(1)
Decision Alternatives	150	(1)
Knowledge Base	150	(1)
Forest growth models	150	(1)
Animal population models	151	(1)
Survey and Monitoring Data	152	(1)
Effects of Structural Uncertainty on Decision Making	152	(4)
Adaptation	156	(1)
Spatial structure	156	(1)
Summary	157	(1)
References	157	(2)
Contribution of Spatial Information and Models to Management of Rare and Declining Species	159	(14)
Virginia H. Dale
Anthony W. King
Linda K. Mann
Tom L. Ashwood
Introduction	159	(1)
Habitat Modelling Using Soil Classifications and Other Spatial Information in Geographic Information Systems	160	(4)
Modelling Habitat of Rare Plants	161	(1)
Background	161	(1)
Approach	161	(1)
Results	162	(1)
Habitat Modelling of Lupine Which Serves as a Host for a Rare Butterfly	163	(1)
Background	163	(1)
Approach	163	(1)
Results	163	(1)
Population Models - Managing Natural Resources at A Single Site	164	(4)
Spatially-Explicit Population Model of Henslow's Sparrow	165	(1)
Background	165	(1)
Approach	165	(1)
Results	166	(1)
Karner Blue Butterfly Population Model	167	(1)
Background	167	(1)
Approach	167	(1)
Results	168	(1)
Transition Matrix Model - Predicting The Results of Land Management Actions	168	(1)
Land Uses at Fort McCoy	168	(1)
Background	168	(1)
Approach	169	(1)
Results	169	(1)
Regional Models - Managing Natural Resources Across Sites	169	(2)
Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Model for Southeastern United States	169	(1)
Background	170	(1)
Approach	171	(1)
Results	171	(1)
Conclusions	171	(1)
Acknowledgements	172	(1)
References	172	(1)
Predicting Land Use Change in and Around a Rural Community	173	(16)
Bruce Maxwell
Jerry Johnson
Clifford Montagne
Introduction	173	(1)
Population Growth and Land Use Change in the Rocky Mountain West	173	(2)
Case Study	175	(2)
Case Study Objectives	177	(1)
Case Study Methods and Tools	177	(5)
The Land Use/Land Cover Change Prediction System	179	(2)
Ecosystem Integrity Index	181	(1)
Socio-economic Variables	182	(1)
Case Study Results	182	(3)
Conclusions	185	(1)
References	185	(4)
Modelling Land Use Change with Linked Cellular Automata and Socio-economic Models: A Tool for Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on the Island of St Lucia	189	(16)
Roger White
Guy Engelen
Inge Uljee
Introduction	189	(1)
Integrated Multi-Scale Modelling	189	(3)
Cellular Automata Based Modelling of Land Use Dynamics	192	(5)
Introduction to Cellular Automata	192	(1)
A Cellular Automata Model for St Lucia	193	(1)
The cell space	193	(1)
The neighborhood	194	(1)
The cell states	194	(1)
The transition rules	194	(3)
Driving the Cellular Automation: Linked Macro-Scale Models	197	(5)
The Natural Sub-System: Specifying Hypotheses	197	(1)
The Demographic Model	198	(1)
The Economic Model: An Input-Output Approach	199	(2)
Land Productivity Calculations: The Link to the Cellular Model	201	(1)
Discussion and Conclusions	202	(1)
Software	203	(1)
Acknowledgements	203	(1)
References	203	(2)
A Framework for Use of Spatial Information in Analysis and Modelling for Land Use Management and Planning	205	(12)
Richard J. Aspinall
Introduction	205	(3)
Issues in Land Use Management	208	(1)
Technological and Methodological Developments	208	(5)
Description of Land Resources	209	(1)
GIS and Modelling	210	(2)
Scale and Processes in Space and Time	212	(1)
Uncertainty and Error	212	(1)
Decision Making	213	(1)
Information Needs in Decision Processes	213	(1)
Evaluation	214	(1)
Monitoring and Feedback Systems	214	(1)
Development in Real World Land Use Applications	214	(1)
References	215	(2)
Index	217