Special Distillation Processes

by Lei; Chen; Ding

• ISBN13: 9780444516480
• ISBN10: 0444516484
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-03-24
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Special distillation processes are required for separation of mixtures close to boiling point or for forming azeotrope mixtures into their pure components. In Special Distillation Processes, the authors focus on latest developments in the field, such as separation methods that may prove useful for solving problems encountered during research. Topics include extraction, membrane and adsorption distillation involving the separation principle, process design and experimental techniques. The relationship between the processes and the techniques are also presented. Comprehensive and easy-to-read, this book provides key information needed to understand the processes and is a valuable reference source for chemical engineers as well as students wishing to branch out in chemical engineering.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Thermodynamic fundamentals	1	(58)
1. Vapor-liquid phase equilibrium	1	(28)
1.1. The equilibrium ratio	1	(13)
1.2. Liquid-phase Activity coefficient in binary and multi-component mixtures	14	(15)
2. Vapor-liquid-liquid phase equilibrium	29	(1)
3. Salt effect	30	(8)
4. Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic analysis	38	(6)
5. Multi-component mass transfer	44	(11)
References	55	(4)
Chapter 2. Extractive distillation	59	(86)
1. Introduction	59	(4)
2. Process of extractive distillation	63	(12)
2.1. Column sequence	63	(6)
2.2. Combination with other separation processes	69	(1)
2.3. Tray configuration	70	(2)
2.4. Operation policy	72	(3)
3. Solvent of extractive distillation	75	(17)
3.1. Extractive distillation with solid salt	75	(4)
3.2. Extractive distillation with liquid solvent	79	(7)
3.3. Extractive distillation with the combination of liquid solvent and solid salt	86	(3)
3.4. Extractive distillation with ionic liquid	89	(3)
4. Experimental techniques of extractive distillation	92	(9)
4.1. Direct method	93	(3)
4.2. Gas-liquid chromatography method	96	(1)
4.3. Ebulliometric method	97	(1)
4.4. Inert gas stripping and gas chromatography method	98	(3)
5. CAMD of extractive distillation	101	(17)
5.1. CAMD for screening solvents	101	(15)
5.2. Other methods for screening solvents	116	(2)
6. Theory of extractive distillation	118	(8)
6.1. Prausnitz and Anderson theory	119	(3)
6.2. Scaled particle theory	122	(4)
7. Mathematical models of extractive distillation	126	(14)
7.1. EQ stage model	127	(6)
7.2. NEQ stage model	133	(7)
References	140	(5)
Chapter 3. Azeotropic distillation	145	(33)
1. Introduction	145	(4)
2. Entrainer selection	149	(5)
3. Mathematical models	154	(21)
3.1. Graphical method	154	(11)
3.2. EQ and NEQ stage models	165	(7)
3.3. Multiple steady-state analysis	172	(3)
References	175	(3)
Chapter 4. Catalytic distillation	178	(44)
1. Fixed-bed catalytic distillation	178	(11)
1.1. FCD Advantages	178	(3)
1.2. Hardware structure	181	(6)
1.3. Mathematical models	187	(2)
2. Suspension catalytic distillation	189	(29)
2.1. Tray efficiency and hydrodynamics of SCD	189	(10)
2.2. Alkylation of benzene and propylene	199	(11)
2.3. Alkylation of benzene and 1-dodecene	210	(8)
References	218	(4)
Chapter 5. Adsorption distillation	222	(19)
1. Fixed-bed adsorption distillation	222	(8)
1.1. Introduction	222	(1)
1.2. Thermodynamic interpretation	223	(1)
1.3. Comparison of FAD and extractive distillation	224	(6)
2. Suspension adsorption distillation	230	(9)
2.1. Introduction	230	(1)
2.2. Thermodynamic interpretation	231	(8)
References	239	(2)
Chapter 6. Membrane distillation	241	(79)
1. Introduction	241	(1)
2. Separation principle	242	(8)
2.1. MD phenomenon	242	(1)
2.2. Definition of MD process	243	(1)
2.3. Membrane characteristics	243	(2)
2.4. Membrane wetting	245	(1)
2.5. The advantages of MD	246	(1)
2.6. MD configurations	247	(3)
3. Transport process	250	(7)
3.1. Heat transfer	250	(2)
3.2. Mass transfer	252	(2)
3.3. Mechanism of gas transport in porous medium	254	(2)
3.4. Characteristics of porous membrane	256	(1)
4. Mathematical model	257	(28)
4.1. Mathematical model of DCMD	259	(3)
4.2. Performance of DCMD	262	(10)
4.3. Mathematical model of VMD	272	(4)
4.4. Performance of VMD	276	(4)
4.5. Mathematical model of AGMD	280	(2)
4.6. Performance of AGMD	282	(3)
5. Module performance	285	(25)
5.1. Performance of flat sheet membrane module	285	(11)
5.2. Performance of hollow fibre membrane module	296	(14)
6. Applications of MD	310	(7)
6.1. Desalination	310	(3)
6.2. Concentration of aqueous solution	313	(3)
6.3. Separation of volatile component	316	(1)
References	317	(3)
Chapter 7. Pressure-swing distillation	320	(8)
1. Introduction	320	(2)
1.1. Separation principle	320	(1)
1.2. Operation modes	320	(2)
2. Design of PSD	322	(5)
2.1. Column sequence	322	(2)
2.2. Column number	324	(3)
References	327	(1)
Chapter 8. Other distillation techniques	328	(26)
1. High viscosity material distillation	328	(5)
1.1. Introduction	328	(1)
1.2. Design of high-efficiency flow-guided sieve tray	329	(3)
1.3. Industrial application of high-efficiency flow-guided sieve tray	332	(1)
2. Thermally coupled distillation	333	(16)
2.1. Introduction	333	(4)
2.2. Design and synthesis of TCD	337	(10)
2.3. Application of TCD in special distillation processes	347	(2)
3. Heat pump and multi-effect distillations	349	(1)
4. Molecular distillation	350	(1)
References	351	(3)
Index	354