Special Edition Using HTML and XHTML

by Holzschlag, Molly E.

• ISBN13: 9780789727312
• ISBN10: 0789727315
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Que Pub

Summary

Special Edition Using HTML & XHTML is a comprehensive Web publishing reference, providing practical solutions to real-world Web development problems. Author Molly Holzschlag starts by explaining how XHTML differs from HTML and why it's necessary, but quickly moves beyond a mere comparison of the differences. The reader learns which tools are best, how to code HTML & XHTML, and the basic principles of Web publishing and graphic design. The book also shows how to integrate graphics, stylesheets, frames and multimedia into XHTML Web pages. Later chapters cover XHTML's relationship to XML and creating content for alternative devices including pagers, cell phones, and hand held devices.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(6)
I Web Markup for Professionals
Working with Specifications	7	(24)
A Markup Roadmap for Professionals	8	(16)
SGML and HTML	9	(12)
Enter XML	21	(1)
Redefining HTML as an XML Application	22	(2)
The W3C	24	(1)
HTML and XHTML: Common Ideologies	25	(3)
HTML 4.0 and 4.01: Concepts	26	(1)
XHTML 1.0 and 1.1: Ideologies and New Directions	27	(1)
Case by Case: Web Standards Project	28	(3)
Writing Conforming Documents	31	(30)
Document Conformance	32	(3)
Conformance Definitions in HTML and XHTML	32	(3)
Conformance Requirements and Recommendations in HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0, and XHTML 1.1	35	(10)
HTML 4.01	36	(1)
XHTML 1.0	37	(6)
XHTML 1.1	43	(2)
Special Characters	45	(9)
Encoding Documents	46	(2)
Clearly Labeling Encoded Documents	48	(3)
Labeling Alternate Character Sets	51	(3)
Validation	54	(4)
What Validation Does	54	(2)
Validating a Document	56	(2)
Case by Case: Working with Templates	58	(3)
Dealing with Data Types	61	(20)
Dealing with Data Types	62	(1)
About URIs	62	(1)
Representing Colors in HTML and XHTML	63	(2)
Length Values	65	(1)
MIME Types	66	(1)
Managing Language Codes	66	(2)
Character Encodings	68	(10)
Media Descriptors	78	(1)
Script and Style Data	78	(1)
Target Names	79	(1)
Case by Case: Working with Character Entities	79	(2)
Choosing the Right DTD	81	(14)
DTDs: An Overview	82	(1)
Which Is the Right DTD to Use?	82	(4)
Dealing with Client Concerns	83	(1)
Adding New Documents to Older Web Sites	84	(1)
Determining DTDs During Site Redesigns	85	(1)
Working with Visual Editors and CMS	85	(1)
DOCTYPE Declarations and DTDs	86	(4)
New Developments	87	(1)
DOCTYPE Switching in Detail	88	(1)
Differences in Rendering Modes	89	(1)
Case by Case: Transitional Design for the New York Public Library	90	(5)
II Structuring and Formatting Documents
Global Structure and Syntax of Documents	95	(16)
About Document Structure	96	(1)
Declarations and Document Types	96	(2)
The html Element	98	(1)
The head Element	98	(2)
The body Element	100	(1)
Syntax of Documents	101	(4)
Elements	101	(2)
Attributes	103	(1)
Values	104	(1)
Case Sensitivity	105	(2)
In HTML	106	(1)
In XML	106	(1)
In XHTML	107	(1)
Attribute Quoting	107	(1)
In HTML	107	(1)
In XML and XHTML	108	(1)
Case by Case: Troubleshooting Errors with Structure and Syntax	108	(3)
Managing Text and Lists	111	(44)
Working with Text	112	(1)
Structuring Text	112	(3)
Phrase Elements	112	(1)
Quotation Elements	113	(1)
Subscripts and Superscripts	114	(1)
Adding Paragraphs and Breaks	115	(4)
Working with Headers	119	(2)
Working with Preformatted Text	121	(2)
Using Text Styles	123	(2)
Aligning Text	125	(1)
Using Lists Effectively	126	(8)
Bulleted (Unordered) Lists	126	(4)
Numbered (Ordered) Lists	130	(1)
Definition Lists	131	(3)
Dealing Effectively with Lists	134	(7)
Working with List Attributes	140	(1)
Adding Color, Size, and Typefaces to Text	141	(11)
Managing Color for Backgrounds, Text, and Links	142	(1)
Working with the font Element	143	(9)
Adding Horizontal Rules	152	(1)
Case by Case: Dealing with Text	153	(2)
Adding Hypertext and Independent Links	155	(22)
The Web's Very Essence: Linking	156	(1)
The Anchor Element	156	(15)
Absolute Linking	158	(1)
Relative Linking	158	(6)
Linking Images	164	(1)
Intrapage Linking	165	(4)
Mail Links	169	(2)
Link Relationships with the link Element	171	(4)
Linking to a Style Sheet	172	(1)
Using the link Element for Navigation	173	(1)
Using link to Point to an Alternate Document	174	(1)
Case by Case: Aiding and Abetting Search Engines	175	(2)
Working with Tables	177	(42)
The Importance of Tables	178	(1)
Table Elements	178	(9)
The Basic Table	179	(3)
Captions and Table Headers	182	(2)
Column Grouping	184	(2)
Table Head, Table Foot, and Table Body	186	(1)
Table Attributes	187	(15)
Borders	188	(1)
Table Width	188	(2)
Creating a Fixed-Width Table	190	(2)
Padding	192	(3)
Column Span	195	(3)
Row Span	198	(4)
Table and Table Cell Alignment	202	(4)
Horizontal Alignment	202	(1)
Vertical Alignment	203	(3)
Using Fixed and Dynamic Design	206	(7)
Applying a Fixed Table Design	206	(4)
Working with Dynamic Table Design	210	(1)
Combination Fixed and Dynamic Table Design	211	(2)
Nesting and Stacking Tables	213	(3)
Case by Case: Design First, Then Plan the Table	216	(3)
Creating Framesets and Frame Documents	219	(28)
To Frame or Not to Frame	220	(2)
Understanding Frame Structure	222	(1)
The Frameset Document	223	(1)
Building a Framed Page	224	(2)
Setting frameset and frame Attributes	226	(1)
Exploring a Frame with Margin, Resize, and Scroll Controls	227	(1)
Targeting Windows	228	(5)
Creating a Frame Using target and name Attributes	229	(1)
Magic Target Names	230	(3)
Working with Borderless Frames	233	(3)
Advanced Frame Concepts	236	(5)
Appropriate Use of Frames	236	(2)
Fixed and Dynamic Frame Design	238	(2)
Combining Rows and Columns	240	(1)
Working with Inline Frames (I-Frames)	241	(1)
The noframes Element and Accessibility	242	(2)
Building Accessible Framed Pages	243	(1)
Case by Case: Special Issues with Frames	244	(3)
Building Forms	247	(28)
About Forms	248	(1)
Using Proper Form Syntax	248	(5)
Form Elements and Attributes	249	(1)
Controls	250	(1)
Other Elements Used with Forms	251	(2)
Building a Form	253	(17)
Adding a Text Field	254	(2)
Making a Checkbox	256	(2)
Adding a Radio Button	258	(2)
Making a Menu List	260	(4)
Creating a Text Area	264	(3)
Providing Reset and Submit Buttons	267	(3)
Case by Case: Method, Action, and Hidden Fields	270	(5)
III Images, Multimedia, and Embedded Objects
Adding Images	275	(26)
Working with Web Graphics	276	(4)
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)	276	(2)
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)	278	(1)
Portable Network Graphics (PNG)	279	(1)
Graphic Optimization	280	(2)
Adding Images to Web Pages	282	(3)
The img Element	282	(2)
Image Attributes	284	(1)
Presentational Attributes in Transitional HTML and XHTML	285	(7)
width and height	285	(1)
Image Borders	286	(1)
Alignment	286	(2)
The alt Attribute	288	(2)
Horizontal and Vertical Space	290	(2)
Floating Images	292	(3)
Aligning Multiple Images	295	(4)
Linking Images	299	(1)
Case by Case: Exhibiting Your Work	299	(2)
Working with Multimedia	301	(24)
Action and Interaction	302	(1)
Audio and Video on the Web	303	(1)
Creating Audio and Video Files	303	(3)
Audio Files	303	(2)
Video Files	305	(1)
Downloadable Audio and Video File Formats	306	(2)
Audio Formats	306	(2)
Video Formats	308	(1)
Adding Audio and Video to a Web Page	308	(1)
Audio and Video Plug-Ins	309	(2)
Streaming Media Concepts	311	(2)
Streaming Audio	312	(1)
Streaming Video	312	(1)
Producing Streaming Media	313	(2)
Creating a Streaming Audio File	313	(2)
Working with Streaming Video	315	(1)
Incorporating Streaming Media into Your Page	315	(4)
Adding Streaming Media Using RealServer G2	316	(1)
Adding Streaming Media to a Page with HTTP	316	(3)
Multimedia Software: Macromedia Director, Shockwave, and Flash	319	(1)
Exploring Flash in Detail	320	(2)
Case by Case: Exploring Streaming Media Options	322	(3)
Embedding Objects	325	(20)
About Embedded Objects	326	(2)
The object Element in Detail	328	(3)
Using object to add an Image	329	(1)
Using object to add an Applet to Your Page	330	(1)
Working with the applet Element	331	(5)
Adding a Java Applet Using the applet Element	332	(3)
Workarounds for Cross-Browser Support	335	(1)
Imagemaps	336	(5)
Case by Case: Ensuring Accessibility for Embedded Objects	341	(4)
IV Style and Scripting
Using CSS with HTML and XHTML	345	(24)
Style Sheets and Web Markup	346	(1)
Style Sheet Fundamentals	346	(4)
Separation of Presentation from Structure	347	(1)
Cascade and Inheritance	347	(3)
Style Sheet Methods	350	(8)
Inline Style	351	(2)
Embedded Style	353	(2)
Linked Style Sheets	355	(3)
Style Sheet Syntax	358	(2)
Selectors in Detail	359	(1)
Exploring Class and Grouping	360	(8)
Working with Class	361	(3)
Using Grouping	364	(4)
Case by Case: Anatomy of Style	368	(1)
CSS in Depth: Applying Style and Positioning	369	(32)
Applying Style to Text	370	(16)
Style Sheet Font Families	371	(2)
Type Properties and Values	373	(13)
Using CSS for Layout	386	(8)
Creating a Three-Column Layout	387	(5)
Exploring a Two-Column Layout Using float	392	(2)
Gracefully Degrading CSS Layouts	394	(2)
Case by Case: css/edge: Visual and Dynamic Effects with CSS	396	(5)
Adding Scripting to HTML and XHTML Documents	401	(18)
Scripting and Markup	402	(6)
Adding Scripts to a Page Using the script Element	403	(4)
Intrinsic Events	407	(1)
JavaScript Overview	408	(1)
Using JavaScript	409	(4)
Drop-Down Menu Navigation	410	(1)
Pop-Up Window	411	(2)
Case by Case: Merging Scripting, Style, and Intrinsic Events	413	(6)
V Accessibility and Internationalization
Creating Accessible Sites	419	(16)
Rules and Laws Governing Accessibility	420	(2)
Historical Policies Leading to Accessibility Initiatives	420	(1)
Section 508	421	(1)
Foreign Rules and Laws on Accessibility	421	(1)
Web Accessibility Initiative	422	(2)
Techniques for Working with HTML 4.0 Accessibility	424	(8)
Making Links Understandable with the title Attribute	424	(2)
Adding Tab Order to Links	426	(2)
Making Tables Accessible Using a Summary	428	(2)
Clarifying Abbreviations with the acronym Element and title Attribute	430	(2)
Case by Case: Testing for Accessibility	432	(3)
Designing International Documents	435	(16)
Globalization, Internationalization, and Localization	436	(2)
Character Encoding	438	(1)
Expressing Encoding via MIME	439	(2)
Identifying Language	441	(3)
Dealing with Text Presentation	444	(3)
Setting Direction	444	(2)
Joining Control	446	(1)
Case by Case: Fonts and Font Utilities	447	(4)
VI Advanced Concepts
XHTML Modularization	451	(16)
The Need for Modularization	452	(2)
Devices Affected by XHTML Modularization	452	(1)
Modularization: A Closer Look	453	(1)
What Is Modularization?	454	(1)
The Modules	455	(3)
Abstract Modules	455	(3)
XHTML DTD Modules	458	(1)
Extending XHTML	458	(1)
XHTML Basic	459	(4)
Features in Use Across Appliances	460	(1)
What's Supported and Why	460	(1)
What's Not Supported and Why	461	(1)
Specific Modules Included in XHTML Basic	462	(1)
XHTML Basic Document Structure	463	(1)
Case by Case: Creating and Deploying an XHTML Basic Document	464	(3)
Customizing DTDs	467	(18)
Understanding DTDs	468	(8)
What Is a DTD?	468	(1)
The DOCTYPE Declaration	468	(2)
DTD Syntax	470	(6)
Reading the XHTML DTDs	476	(3)
Downloading the XHTML DTDs	477	(1)
Structure of the Transitional XHTML DTD	477	(2)
Structure Versus Semantics	479	(1)
Case by Case: Defining Your Own DTD	479	(6)
Extending an XHTML DTD	480	(1)
Defining the <embed> tag	480	(3)
Using Your New DTD	483	(2)
Transforming Documents with XSLT	485	(26)
Understanding XSL	486	(5)
Formatting Objects	486	(2)
Transformations	488	(1)
XSLT Parsers	489	(2)
Creating XSL Style Sheets	491	(7)
Exploring XSLT Syntax	491	(1)
Structure of an XSL Document	491	(6)
Understanding XPath References	497	(1)
Transforming XHTML with XSLT	498	(11)
Using CSS and XSLT with XHTML	498	(7)
Creating Alternate Content Views	505	(4)
Case by Case: Adapting Web Pages for Specific Audiences	509	(2)
Moving Toward XML	511	(152)
Making All Things Possible with XML	512	(1)
Understanding the Relationship Between SGML, XML, and XHTML	513	(2)
SGML	514	(1)
XHTML	515	(1)
XML in Theory and Practice	515	(1)
Practical Examples of XML	515	(3)
Understanding XML Structure	518	(1)
Describing New Vocabularies with XML	518	(3)
Understanding Document Type Definition Advantages	519	(1)
Coping with Document Type Definition Disadvantages	520	(1)
Is XML Just HTML All Over Again?	521	(1)
HTML and XML	521	(1)
Element Name Guidelines	522	(1)
Defining the XML Document	522	(4)
Document Production	523	(2)
Understanding Well-Formedness Constraints	525	(1)
The Prolog: The XML Declaration	526	(1)
Constructing the XML Document Prolog: The Document Type Declaration	527	(1)
Constructing the Document Body	528	(1)
Character Data	529	(1)
Markup	529	(1)
Understanding How XML Forms Logical Structures	529	(7)
How XML Forms Physical Structures	530	(1)
Normalization	531	(1)
Element Types	532	(2)
Attribute Lists and Types	534	(1)
Unparsed Entities	535	(1)
Case by Case: Real-World Applications of XML	536	(5)
VII Appendixes
A Site Publishing, Maintenance, and Marketing Guide	541	(22)
You've Built Your Web Site, What Now?	542	(1)
Transferring Files Using FTP	542	(1)
FTP Software	543	(1)
Macintosh and UNIX FTP Software	543	(1)
Visual Applications	543	(1)
Testing Files Live	544	(1)
Managing Links	545	(1)
Manual Management	546	(1)
Link Management Programs	546	(1)
Copyright Guidelines	547	(1)
The Web as a Commercial Venue	548	(1)
Search Engines and Directories As Marketing Tools	549	(1)
How to Get Listed	550	(1)
Preparing Your Site for Submission	551	(2)
Submission Follow-Up	553	(1)
Banner Advertising	553	(1)
Pricing Structures for Banner Advertising	554	(1)
Common Design Guidelines	555	(1)
Banner Placement	556	(1)
Does Banner Advertising Really Work?	556	(1)
Other Online Marketing Techniques	557	(1)
E-mail Marketing	557	(1)
Newsgroups	558	(1)
Links	558	(1)
Awards	559	(1)
Web Rings	559	(1)
Offline Marketing Strategies	559	(2)
Case by Case: Legal Issues on the Net	561	(2)
B Annotatad Resources for Web Developers	563	(6)
Web Sites of Interest	564	(1)
Mailing Lists	565	(1)
Organizations	566	(1)
Education and Conferences	567	(2)
C XHTML Reference	569	(62)
Data Types: XHTML 1.0 Versions and Specifications	570	(1)
Alphabetical XHTML 1.0 Element Listing	570	(1)
<! - -...- - > Comments	570	(1)
<!DOCTYPE...>	571	(1)
<a>...</a>	571	(2)
<abbr>...</abbr>	573	(1)
<acronym>...</acronym>	574	(1)
<address>...</address>	574	(1)
<applet>...</applet>	574	(2)
<area />	576	(1)
<b>...</b>	577	(1)
<base />	577	(1)
<basefont />	578	(1)
<bdo>...</bdo>	578	(1)
<big>...</big>	579	(1)
<blockquote>...</blockquote>	579	(1)
<body>...</body>	580	(1)
<br />	581	(1)
<button>...</button>	581	(1)
<caption>...</caption>	582	(1)
<center>...</center>	583	(1)
<cite>...</cite>	584	(1)
<code>...</code>	584	(1)
<col>	584	(1)
<colgroup>...</colgroup>	585	(1)
<dd>...</dd>	586	(1)
<del>...</del>	587	(1)
<dfn>...</dfn>	587	(1)
<dir>...</dir>	588	(1)
<div>...</div>	588	(1)
<dl>...</dl>	589	(1)
<dt>...</dt>	589	(1)
<em>...</em>	590	(1)
<fieldset>...</fieldset>	590	(1)
<font>...</font>	591	(1)
<form>...</form>	591	(2)
<frame />	593	(1)
<frameset>...</frameset>	593	(1)
<h1>...</h1> Through <h6>...</h6>	594	(1)
<head>...</head>	594	(1)
<hr />	595	(1)
<html>...</html>	595	(1)
<i>...</i>	596	(1)
<iframe>...</iframe>	596	(1)
<img />	597	(1)
<input />	598	(2)
<ins></ins>	600	(1)
<isindex />	600	(1)
<kbd>...</kbd>	601	(1)
<label>...</label>	601	(1)
<legend>...</legend>	602	(1)
<li>...</li>	602	(1)
<link />	603	(1)
<map>...</map>	604	(1)
<menu>...</menu>	604	(1)
<meta />	605	(1)
<notrames>...</noframes>	605	(1)
<noscript>...</noscript>	606	(1)
<object>...</object>	607	(1)
<ol>...</ol>	608	(1)
<optgroup>...</optgroup>	609	(1)
<option>...</option>	609	(1)
<p>-</p>	610	(1)
<param />	610	(1)
<pre>...</pre>	611	(1)
<q>...</q>	611	(1)
<s>...</s>	612	(1)
<samp>...</samp>	612	(1)
<script>...</script>	613	(1)
<select>...</select>	613	(1)
<small>...</small>	614	(1)
<span>...</span>	615	(1)
<strike>...</strike>	615	(1)
<strong>...</strong>	615	(1)
<style>...</style>	616	(1)
<sub>...</sub>	616	(1)
<sup>...</sup>	617	(1)
<table>...</table>	617	(1)
<tbody>...</tbody>	618	(1)
<td>...</td>	619	(2)
<textarea>...</textarea>	621	(1)
<tfoot>...</tfoot>	621	(1)
<th>...</th>	622	(2)
<thead>...</thead>	624	(1)
<title>...</title>	624	(1)
<tr>...</tr>	625	(1)
<tt>...</tt>	625	(1)
<u>...</u>	626	(1)
<ul>...</ul>	626	(1)
<var>...</var>	627	(1)
Common Attributes	627	(1)
Intrinsic Events	627	(1)
Data Types	628	(3)
D CSS2 Reference	631	(32)
Style Sheet Properties	632	(1)
Selectors	632	(1)
Pseudo Classes	633	(1)
Rules	633	(1)
Properties	634	(1)
Text	634	(2)
Colors and Backgrounds	636	(2)
Fonts	638	(2)
Box Model	640	(5)
Visual Formatting and Positioning	645	(5)
Generated Content and Lists	650	(3)
Tables	653	(2)
Paged Media	655	(1)
Aural Style Sheets	656	(7)
Index	663