Spinal Cord Monitoring

by Stalberg, Erik; Sharma, H. S.; Olsson, Yngve

• ISBN13: 9783211829233
• ISBN10: 3211829237
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-12-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

During the last decades, research on spinal cord has attracted a great deal of attention because of problems such as sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions associated with traumatic and other injuries. Recording of spinal cord evoked potentials is one of the most promising approaches to understand the spinal cord function. However, the details of the evoked potentials and their significance in various pathological conditions are not yet fully characterized. This book summarizes new findings in the field of electrophysiology and relates this knowledge to pathology and regeneration research. It is the first one which deals in great detail with various ways to monitor spinal cord function in experimental and clinical situations. It provides an up-to-date knowledge regarding spinal cord bioelectrical activity and its modification with pharmacological agents and covers new aspects of regeneration studies, particularly the role of myelin associated inhibitory molecules. A section is devoted to clinical studies dealing with electrical activity, pathology, and current therapeutic measures.This volume will be useful both to basic and clinical neuroscientists engaged in the field of neurology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neurosurgery, neuropathology, and related disciplines in order to understand basic functions of the spinal cord and to stimulate further research in this rapidly advancing field.

Table of Contents

List of contributors	xiii
Section I: Spinal cord blood flow, neurochemistry and sensory function	1	(126)
M. Marsala
1. Spinal cord blood flow and metabolism in transient spinal ischemia	3	(24)
K. Ren
M.A. Ruda
2. Calcium binding proteins in the spinal cord: physiological significance	27	(28)
J.L. Henry
3. Substance P Transmitter or regulator in spinal sensory mechanisms?	55	(20)
R.K. Simpson Jr.
C.S. Robertson
J.C. Goodman
4. The role of glycine in pain and spasticity	75	(32)
K. Matsumura
H.S. Sharma
C. Cao
Y. Watanabe
K. Yamagata
M. Ozaki
K. Takeuchi
T. Gordh
J. Westman
Y. Watanabe
5. Prostaglandin system in the pathophysiology of the spinal cord. A neuroanatomical study	107	(20)
Section II: Spinal cord regeneration and repair	127	(84)
T. Hagg
M. Oudega
6. Neurotrophic factors and CNS regeneration	129	(28)
G. Pallidini
B. Caronti
7. Regeneration in the axotomised cord: influence of cyclosporin A and neonatal immune desensitization in mammals	157	(24)
H.S. Sharma
F. Nyberg
T. Gordh
P. Alm
J. Westman
8. Neurotrophic factors attenuate neuronal nitric oxide synthase upregulation, microvascular permeability disturbances, edema formation and cell injury in the spinal cord following trauma	181	(30)
Section III: Spinal cord electrophysiology: methods and various techniques	211	(70)
R.J. Hurlbert
9. A Cerebellar evoked potential for spinal cord monitoring	213	(14)
H. Kitagawa
Y. Kawaguchi
H. Nakamura
S. Nakatoh
H. Tsuji
10. Generation of magnetic evoked spinal cord potentials	227	(14)
S. Tsuji
11. Magnetic stimulation of spinal nerve roots and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials	241	(16)
D. Liu
12. A combination of microdialysis, electrophysiology and histology for exploring secondary damage upon spinal cord injury	257	(24)
Section IV: Spinal cord evoked potentials: pathophysiology and pharmacological aspects	281	(112)
T. Winkler
H.S. Sharma
E. Stalberg
J. Westman
13. Spinal cord bioelectrical activity, edema and cell injury following a focal trauma to the rat spinal cord	283	(82)
S. Li
C. Tator
14. Spinal cord blood flow and evoked potentials as outcome measures for experimental spinal cord injury	365	(28)
Section V: Spinal cord monitoring in clinic: pathology and diseases processes	393	(70)
B.A. Kakulas
R.L. Lorimer
A.D. Gubbay
15. White matter changes in human spinal cord injury	395	(14)
M. Dimitrijevic
16. Motor control in human spinal cord injury	409	(12)
V. Deletis
K. Kothbauer
17. Intraoperative neurophysiology of the corticospinal tract	421	(24)
D. Burke
R. Hicks
18. Corticospinal volleys evoked by transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation	445	(18)
Section VI: Spinal cord monitoring in clinic: pharmacology, therapy and outcome measures	463	(58)
W.F. Young
D. Dominique
U.S. Vasthare
R.F. Tuma
19. Novel approaches to the treatment of post compressive spinal cord injury	465	(14)
M.R. Nuwer
20. The multicentre outcome survey of spinal cord monitoring: monitoring reduces neurologic deficits	479	(12)
T. Andoh
F. Okumura
21. Effect of anaesthetics on somatosensory and motor evoked potentials in humans	491	(18)
Tamaki M
22. Intraoperative spinal cord monitoring: clinical overview	509	(12)
Subject index	521	(6)
Author index	527