With an ever-expanding array of biomaterials and implant devices appearing in the field, this source helps surgeons assess and utilize the latest developments to improve the reconstruction of the spine and enhance the reconstitution of diseased spinal segments. With illustrative descriptions of specific clinical scenarios, this guide helps surgeons select the best devices and materials for reconstructive procedures and considers issues in biocompatibility, biostability, and structure/function relationships for enhanced patient outcomes and mobility.

Preface	p. iii
Contributors	p. ix
Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery
The Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Instrumented Lumbar Fusion	p. 1
Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion	p. 9
Nonendoscopic Percutaneous Disc Decompression as Treatment of Discogenic Radiculopathy	p. 17
Endoscopic Decompression for Lumbar Spondylolysis: Clinical and Biomechanical Observations	p. 51
Improving the Outcome of Discectomy with Specific Attention to the Annulus Fibrosus	p. 59
The Lumbar Alligator Spinal System -Simple and Less Invasive Device for Posterior Lumbar Fixation	p. 81
Adjacent Level Disease
Functional Spinal Stability: The Role of the Back Muscles	p. 91
Influence of Injury or Fusion of a Single Motion Segment on Other Motion Segments in the Spine	p. 109
Degenerative Disease Adjacent to Spinal Fusion	p. 119
Adjacent Segment Degeneration	p. 125
Quantifying the Surgical Risk Factors for Adjacent Level Degeneration in the Lumbar Spine: A Meta-Analysis of the Published Literature	p. 131
Transition Zone Failure in Patients Undergoing Instrumented Lumbar Fusions from L1 or L2 to the Sacrum	p. 139
Adjacent Intervertebral Disc Lesions Following Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion: A Minimum 10-Year Follow-up	p. 149
Emerging Technologies/Biologics
The Role of Biologics in Lumbar Interbody Fusions	p. 155
Current Perspectives on Biologic Strategies for the Therapy of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration	p. 161
Intervertebral Disc Growth Factors	p. 169
Biological Manipulation for Degenerative Disc Disease Utilizing Intradiscal Osteogenic Protein-1 (OP-1/BMP-7) Injection-An Animal Study	p. 179
Clinical Strategies for Delivery of Osteoinductive Growth Factors	p. 191
New Adjunct in Spine Interbody Fusion: Designed Bioabsorbable Cage with Cell-Based Gene Therapy	p. 197
Scientific Basis of Interventional Therapies for Discogenic Pain: Neural Mechanisms of Discogenic Pain	p. 219
Molecular Diagnosis of Spinal Infection	p. 237
Review of the Effect of COX-II Agents on the Healing of a Lumbar Spine Arthrodesis	p. 247
Motion-Preservation/Disc Replacement
Motion Preservation Instead of Spinal Fusion	p. 255
Intervertebral Disc Arthroplasty as an Alternative to Spinal Fusion: Rationale and Biomechanical and Design Considerations	p. 263
Biomechanical Aspects of the Spine Motion Preservation Systems	p. 279
The Ideal Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc	p. 295
Artificial Discs and Their Clinical Track Records	p. 303
Dynesys Spinal Instrumentation System	p. 325
Image Guidance/Navigation
Clinical Application of Computer Image Guidance Systems	p. 333
Image-Guided Angled Rongeur for Posterior Lumbar Discectomy	p. 345
Radioscopic Methods for Introduction of Pedicular Screws: Is a Navigator Necessary?	p. 351
Biophysics, Biomaterials/Biodegradable
Bone Graft Materials Used to Augment Spinal Arthrodesis	p. 369
Current Concepts in Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty	p. 381
Opportunities and Challenges for Bioabsorbable Polymers in Spinal Reconstruction	p. 395
Biomechanical Properties of a Newly Designed Bioabsorbable Anterior Cervical Plate	p. 409
Emerging Technologies and Procedures
The Role of Electrical Stimulation in Enhancing Fusions with Autograft, Allograft, and Bone Graft Substitutes	p. 419
An Analysis of Physical Factors Promoting Bone Healing or Formation with Special Reference to the Spine	p. 425
Results of Extended Corpectomy, Stabilization, and Fusion of the Cervical and Cervico-Thoracic Spine	p. 433
Reconstruction of the Cervical Spine Using Artificial Pedicle Screws	p. 449
Posterior Fixation for Atlantoaxial Instability: Various Surgical Techniques with Wire and Screw Fixation	p. 457
Index	p. 469
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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