Spoken and Written Language, Exploring Orality and Literacy

by Tannen, Deborah

• ISBN13: 9780893910945
• ISBN10: 0893910945
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1982-01-01
• Publisher: Praeger Pub Text

Table of Contents

Preface to the Series	vii
Preface to Volume IX	ix
Acknowledgements	xi
Introduction	xiii
The Oral/Literate Continuum in Discourse	1	(16)
Deborah Tannen
Oral vs. Literate Tradition	1	(3)
Greek and American Narratives	4	(1)
Formulaic Language	5	(1)
What to Say: Commonplaces, Personalizing, Philosophizing	6	(1)
Storytelling in Conversation	7	(7)
Spoken vs. Written Language	14	(1)
Conclusion	14	(1)
References	15	(2)
PART I. EXAMINING DIFFERENCES IN SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE	17	(72)
On the Comprehension and Memory of Oral vs. Written Discourse	19	(16)
Angela Hildyard
David R. Olson
Introduction	19	(2)
The Experiment	21	(11)
References	32	(3)
Integration and Involvement In Speaking, Writing, and Oral Literature	35	(20)
Wallace L. Chafe
Speaking is Faster than Writing (And Slower than Reading)	36	(2)
Fragmentation	38	(1)
Integration	39	(5)
Summary	44	(1)
Speakers Interact with Their Audiences, Writers Do Not	45	(1)
Detachment	45	(1)
Involvement	46	(2)
Summary	48	(1)
Oral Literature	49	(3)
Conclusion	52	(1)
References	52	(3)
Written and Spoken Style in Japanese Narratives	55	(22)
Patricia M. Clancy
Verb Morphology	57	(4)
Particles	61	(2)
Reference	63	(4)
Word Order	67	(3)
Linguistic Integration	70	(5)
Summary and Conclusions	75	(1)
References	76	(1)
The Gulf Between Spoken and Written Language: A Case Study in Chinese	77	(12)
Charles N. Li
Sandra A. Thompson
Introduction	77	(1)
Classical Chinese	78	(6)
Classical Chinese and Modern Chinese	84	(4)
References	88	(1)
PART II. TRAVELING ALONG ORAL AND WRITTEN CONTINUUA	89	(110)
Protean Shapes in Literacy Events: Ever-shifting Oral and Literate Traditions	91	(28)
Shirley Brice Heath
The Literacy Event	93	(1)
The Community Context	94	(16)
Conclusions	110	(6)
References	116	(3)
Colloquial and Literary Uses of Inversions	119	(36)
Georgia M. Green
Scope of the Discussion	120	(1)
Previous Research	121	(1)
Sources	122	(1)
Positively Literary Inversions	123	(5)
Perfectly Colloquial Inversions	128	(5)
Literary Speech and Colloquial Writing	133	(12)
Explanations for the Colloquial and Literary Character of Inversions	145	(6)
Conclusion	151	(1)
References	152	(3)
Literary Complexity in Everyday Storytelling	155	(16)
Livia Polanyi
Oral Storytelling and Verbal Art	155	(1)
Ambiguity and Indeterminacy Resulting From Unexpected Shifters	156	(3)
Free Indirect Speech in Oral Storytelling	159	(1)
Other Forms of Reported Speech	160	(4)
Manipulating the Conventions of Oral Storytelling	164	(3)
Ambiguity and Verbal Art in Oral Storytelling	167	(2)
Conclusion	169	(1)
References	169	(2)
Poetic Structure in Oral Narrative	171	(14)
William Bright
Introduction	171	(1)
Non-Metrical Poetry in Traditional Cultures	172	(2)
Poetic Structure in a Karok Myth	174	(9)
Conclusion	183	(1)
References	184	(1)
Context in Written Language: The Case of Imaginative Fiction	185	(14)
Margaret Rader
Toward a Notion of Context for Written Language	185	(4)
Expansion of ``Almost Home''	189	(8)
References	197	(2)
PART III. EXPERIENCING CHANGE IN TRADITIONS	199	(62)
Alternative Paths to Knowledge in Oral and Literate Cultures	201	(16)
Jack R. Goody
Traditional Knowledge Among the LoDagaa	202	(2)
Spiritual Knowledge	204	(2)
Two Paths to Knowledge	206	(1)
The Growth of Knowledge	207	(1)
Three Modes of Acquiring Knowledge	208	(1)
Literacy	209	(3)
Two Paths to Knowledge as Social Control	212	(2)
Conclusions	214	(1)
References	215	(2)
The Poetics and Noetics of a Javanese Poem	217	(22)
Alton Becker
Noetics Across Cultures	217	(3)
A Note on Javanese Poetics	220	(2)
A Grammatical Translation of a Sinom	222	(9)
The Contextualizing Functions of Aspect	231	(6)
Conclusion	237	(1)
References	237	(2)
Some of My Favorite Writers are Literate: The Mingling of Oral and Literate Strategies in Written Communication	239	(22)
Robin Tolmach Lakoff
Introduction	239	(2)
Spontaneity vs. Forethought	241	(3)
Transferring Spoken Discourse to Writing	244	(1)
Quotation Marks	245	(2)
Italics	247	(1)
Capitalization	248	(1)
Nonfluencies	249	(3)
The Comic Strip	252	(4)
The Primacy of Oral Modes	256	(3)
Conclusion: A New Nonliteracy	259	(1)
References	260	(1)
Author Index	261	(4)
Subject Index	265