Sports Nutrition

by Driskell; Judy A.

• ISBN13: 9780849381973
• ISBN10: 0849381975
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-09-17
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Discover the healing and restorative powers of nutrition and exerciseEssential nutrients do more than sustain life; they support the body's ability to withstand deteriorating illness, ailments, and accidents. Medical and athletic professionals understand the relationship between nutrition, exercise, and physical well-being. Now, Judy A. Driskell, Ph.D., R.D., one of the pioneers in the rapidly growing field of sports nutrition, examines and assesses the chemistry, biology and physics of good health.Sports Nutrition is a vital reference for medical professionals, and a unique and valuable resource for coaches, teachers, trainers and athletes.

Table of Contents

Introduction
The Nutrients	5	(4)
Nutritional Habits	5	(1)
Nutrients	6	(1)
Classes of Nutrients	6	(1)
Disease Relationships	7	(2)
Digestion, Absorption, and Circulation of Nutrients	9	(10)
GI Tract Function	9	(3)
Absorption	12	(1)
Absorptive Mechanisms	12	(1)
Absorption of the Nutrients	13	(1)
Intestinal Microflora	14	(1)
Lymphatic System	14	(1)
Circulatory System	14	(5)
The Most Important Nutrient
Water	19	(10)
Body Distribution	19	(1)
Functions	19	(2)
Water Balance	21	(1)
Dietary Recommendations	22	(7)
The Energy-Yielding Nutrients
Carbohydrates	29	(6)
Classification	29	(1)
Digestion	30	(1)
Functions	30	(1)
Blood Glucose Homeostasis	31	(1)
Recommended Intakes	31	(1)
Carbohydrate and Fiber Consumption Habits	32	(1)
Glycogen Loading	32	(1)
Endurance Capacity	32	(3)
Lipids	35	(4)
Classification	35	(1)
Digestion	35	(1)
Lipid Transport	36	(1)
Functions	36	(1)
Recommended Intakes	37	(1)
Lipid Consumption Habits	37	(1)
Health Effects of Fats	38	(1)
Fat Substitutes	38	(1)
Proteins	39	(10)
Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Protein	39	(1)
Protein Structure	39	(1)
Classification of Amino Acids by Function	40	(1)
Protein Quality	41	(1)
Digestion	41	(1)
Protein Status	41	(1)
Functions of Proteins in the Body	42	(1)
Protein Catabolism	42	(1)
Protein-Energy Malnutrition	43	(1)
Recommended Intakes	43	(1)
Protein Consumption Habits	44	(1)
Excessive Protein Intakes	44	(1)
Processed Proteins	44	(5)
Micronutrients: The Catalysts
Vitamins	49	(36)
Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Vitamins	49	(1)
Vitamin A	50	(3)
Vitamin D	53	(3)
Vitamin E	56	(3)
Vitamin K	59	(2)
Vitamin C	61	(2)
Thiamin	63	(2)
Riboflavin	65	(2)
Niacin	67	(2)
Vitamin B6	69	(3)
Folic Acid	72	(3)
Vitamin B12	75	(2)
Biotin	77	(2)
Pantothenic Acid	79	(2)
Choline	81	(4)
Minerals	85	(34)
Calcium	87	(4)
Phosphorus	91	(2)
Magnesium	93	(2)
Sulfur	95	(1)
Potassium	95	(2)
Sodium	97	(2)
Chloride	99	(1)
Iron	100	(4)
Copper	104	(2)
Zinc	106	(2)
Iodine	108	(1)
Selenium	109	(2)
Fluoride	111	(2)
Manganese	113	(1)
Chromium	114	(2)
Molybdenum	116	(3)
Other Substances in Foods and Exercise	119	(14)
Nutrients Essential for Some Higher Animals That May Be Related to Athletic Performance in Humans	119	(1)
Taurine	119	(1)
Carnitine	120	(1)
Myo-inositol	120	(1)
Arsenic	121	(1)
Nickel	121	(1)
Silicon	122	(1)
Boron	122	(1)
Other Trace Elements	123	(1)
Coenzymes, Growth Factors, Amino Acids, and Buffers That May be Related to Athletic Performance in Humans	123	(1)
Coenzyme Q10	123	(1)
Creatine	124	(1)
Arginine, Ornithine, and Citrulline	124	(1)
Aspartate and Asparagine	124	(1)
Branched-Chain Amino Acids	125	(1)
Inosine	125	(1)
Bicarbonate, Phosphate, and Citrate Salts (Buffers)	125	(1)
Substances Not Determined Essential for Animals or Humans That May Be Related to Athletic Performance in Humans	125	(1)
Dimethylglycine	126	(1)
Lecithin	126	(1)
Oryzanoles and Ferulic Acid	126	(1)
Octacosanol	126	(1)
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate and Hydroxymethylbutyrate	126	(1)
Glandulars	126	(1)
Smilax Compounds	126	(1)
Yohimbine	127	(1)
Ginsengs	127	(1)
Bioflavonoid Derivatives	127	(1)
Glutathione	127	(1)
Carotenoids	127	(1)
Bee Pollen	128	(1)
Caffeine	128	(1)
Ethanol	128	(5)
Energy Requirements
Assessment of Energy Intake	133	(4)
Hunger, Appetite, and Satiety	133	(1)
Calories	133	(2)
Dietary Intakes	135	(1)
Caloric Density of Foods	136	(1)
Assessment of Energy Expenditure	137	(8)
Body Calorimetry	137	(1)
Components of Energy Expenditure	137	(1)
Basal and Resting Metabolism	138	(1)
Thermic Effect of Food	138	(1)
Thermic Effect of Exercise	138	(1)
Estimating Energy Expenditure	139	(6)
Energy Production in the Body	145	(26)
Energy Currency	145	(1)
Energy Reservoir	145	(1)
Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Release	146	(1)
Anaerobic and Aerobic Energy from Foods	146	(1)
Brief Description of Energy Pathways	147	(2)
Feasting	149	(1)
Fasting	149	(1)
Detailed Description of Energy Pathways	150	(1)
Catabolic Pathways of Carbohydrates	150	(11)
Catabolic Pathways of Lipids	161	(3)
Catabolic Pathways of Proteins	164	(1)
Elimination of Ammonia: The Urea Cycle	165	(3)
Energy, ATP, and the Catabolic Pathways	168	(3)
Weight Control	171	(12)
Healthy Body Weight	171	(4)
Energy Balance	175	(1)
Caloric Intake and Body Weight Changes	176	(1)
Weight Loss	177	(1)
Weight Gain	178	(1)
Behavior Modification	178	(5)
Body Composition
Assessment of Body Composition	183	(14)
Direct Assessment of Body Composition	183	(1)
Indirect Assessment of Body Composition	183	(1)
Hydrostatic Weighing	183	(1)
Other Methods for Evaluating Body Density	184	(1)
Skinfold Thickness Measurements	185	(8)
Girth Measurements	193	(1)
Breadth Measurements	194	(3)
Overweight and Obesity	197	(8)
Body Fat Distribution	200	(1)
Health Concerns of Overweight Individuals	200	(1)
Obesity as a Familial Trait	200	(1)
Determinants of Obesity	201	(2)
Obesity as a Lifestyle	203	(1)
Treatment of Obesity	203	(2)
Underweight and Eating Disorders	205	(4)
Health Concerns	205	(1)
Anorexia Nervosa	205	(1)
Bulimia	206	(1)
Exercise Dependency	206	(1)
Nutritional and Exercise Therapy	206	(3)
Conditioning	209	(10)
Fitness and Health	209	(1)
Muscle Contraction	210	(1)
Principles of Conditioning	210	(1)
Conditioning for Muscular Strength	211	(1)
Resistance Training Programs	211	(1)
Conditioning for Muscle Endurance	211	(1)
Cardiovascular Endurance Training	212	(1)
Training Programs	213	(6)
Diet and Exercise Recommendations
Nutritional Status of Athletes	219	(4)
Median Daily Nutrient Intakes of Adults	219	(1)
Use of Vitamin/Mineral Supplements by Athletes	219	(2)
Nutritional Status of Athletes	221	(2)
Nutrition and Exercise Recommendations	223	(20)
Dietary Recommendations	223	(1)
Recommended Dietary Allowances	223	(2)
Dietary Reference Intakes	225	(5)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans	230	(1)
Food Guide Pyramid	231	(3)
Nutritional Labeling	234	(3)
Dietary Supplements	237	(3)
Exercise Recommendations	240	(1)
Evolution of Physical Activity Guidelines	240	(1)
Physical Activity Guidelines	241	(2)
Recommendations for Individuals in the Various Stages of Their Life Cycles	243	(6)
Pregnancy	243	(1)
Lactation	243	(1)
Infancy	244	(1)
Childhood	245	(1)
Adolescence	245	(1)
Young and Middle Adulthood	245	(2)
Older Adulthood	247	(2)
Health Benefits of Exercise	249	(4)
Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Health and Disease	249	(2)
Adverse Effects of Exercise on Health	251	(1)
Improved Fitness	251	(2)
Exercise as Therapy for Degenerative Diseases	253	(6)
Coronary Artery Disease	253	(1)
Hypertension	254	(1)
Diabetes Mellitus	254	(1)
Osteoporosis	254	(1)
Neuromuscular Disease	255	(1)
Physical Effects	255	(4)
Summary
Interrelationships Between Nutrition and Exercise	259	(4)
Body Weight	259	(1)
Disease	259	(1)
Healthy People 2000	260	(1)
Nutrition and Exercise Guidelines	261	(2)
References	263	(4)
Index	267