Stable Isotope Forensics : An... | Buy

When are two chemically identical compounds not the same? Is it possible to determine the geographic point of origin of seized cocaine? Can one unravel recent geographic movement of a terrorist suspect? Do matchsticks match and are all white paints just that? These are just some of the questions forensic scientists are increasingly confronted with to support intelligence led policing and to help achieve secure convictions. Stable Isotope Forensics shows how stable isotope signatures may be able to answer these questions and will be essential reading for students of forensic science and analytical chemistry as well as forensic scientists, police officers, defence and prosecution practitioners and the judiciary.

Series Foreword: Developments in Forensic Science Niamh Nic Daéid	p. ix
Foreword	p. xi
List of Figures	p. xiii
List of Tables	p. xix
Introduction: Stable Isotope 'Fingerprinting' or Chemical 'DNA': A New Dawn for Forensic Chemistry?	p. xxi
How It Works	p. 1
What are Stable Isotopes?	p. 3
Natural Abundance Variation of Stable Isotopes	p. 5
Chemically Identical and Yet Not the Same	p. 8
Isotope Effects, Mass Discrimination and Isotopic Fractionation	p. 10
Physical Chemistry Background	p. 10
Fractionation Factor ¿ and Enrichment Factor ¿	p. 11
Isotopic Fractionation in Rayleigh Processes	p. 13
Isotopic Fractionation Summary	p. 14
Stable Isotopic Distribution and Isotopic Fractionation of Light Elements in Nature	p. 16
Hydrogen	p. 16
Oxygen	p. 19
¹⁸0 in Bone Bio-apatite and Source Water	p. 20
Bone Remodelling	p. 23
Bone Diagenesis	p. 24
Diagenetic Changes of Bio-apatite	p. 24
Carbon	p. 25
Nitrogen	p. 27
Food Chain and Trophic Level Shift	p. 29
Diagenetic Changes of Structural Proteins	p. 32
Sulfur	p. 33
Stable Isotope Forensics in Everyday Life	p. 36
'Food Forensics'	p. 37
Authenticity and Provenance of Single-Seed Vegetable Oils	p. 38
Authenticity and Provenance of Beverage?	p. 39
Authenticity and Provenance of other Premium Foods	p. 41
Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals	p. 42
Environmental Forensics	p. 43
Wildlife Forensics	p. 46
Anti-Doping Control	p. 47
Summary of Part I	p. 49
Set problems	p. 50
References	p. 51
Instrumentation and Analytical Techniques	p. 65
Mass Spectrometry versus Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry	p. 67
Instrumentation and ¿ Notation	p. 72
Dual-Inlet Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry	p. 74
Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry	p. 74
Bulk Material Stable Isotope Analysis	p. 77
Compound Specific Stable Isotope Analysis	p. 78
CSIA and Compound Identification	p. 79
Position-Specific Isotope Analysis	p. 81
CSIA of Polar, Non-Volatile Organic Compounds	p. 83
Isotopic Calibration and Quality Control in Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry	p. 85
Two-Point or End-member Scale Correction	p. 86
Scale Correction of Measured ¿²H Values	p. 87
Scale Correction of Measured ¿¹³C Values	p. 88
Statistical Analysis of Stable Isotope Data within a Forensic Context	p. 91
Chemometric Analysis	p. 91
Bayesian Analysis	p. 94
Forensic Stable Isotope Analytical Procedures	p. 100
FIRMS Network	p. 101
Generic Considerations for Stable Isotope Analysis	p. 102
Generic Considerations for Sample Preparation	p. 102
Generic Considerations for BSIA	p. 104
Isobaric Interference	p. 104
Particular Considerations for ²H-BSIA	p. 105
Keeping Your Powder Dry	p. 106
Total ¿²H versus True ¿²H Values	p. 106
²H Isotope Analysis of Human Hair	p. 108
Ionization Quench Effect	p. 113
Generic Considerations for CSIA	p. 116
Isotopic Calibration during GC/C-IRMS	p. 116
Isotope Effects in GC/C-IRMS during Sample Injection	p. 117
Chromatographic Isotope Effect in GC/C-IRMS	p. 118
Summary of Part II	p. 121
Set Problems	p. 122
How to Set up a Laboratory Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry	p. 123
Pre-Instatlation Requirements	p. 124
Laboratory Location	p. 124
Temperature Control	p. 125
Power Supply	p. 125
Gas Supply	p. 126
Forensic Laboratory Considerations	p. 129
Finishing Toucnes	p. 130
References	p. 136
Stable Isotope Forensics: Case Studies and Current Research	p. 143
Forensic Context	p. 145
Distinguishing Drugs	p. 149
Natural and Semisynthetic Drugs	p. 149
Marijuana	p. 149
Morphine and Heroin	p. 150
Cocaine	p. 152
Synthetic Drugs	p. 154
Amphetamines	p. 154
MDMA: Synthesis and Isotopic Signature	p. 157
Three Different Synthetic Routes - Controlled Conditions	p. 157
One Synthetic Route - Variable Conditions	p. 164
Methamphetamine: Synthesis and Isotopic Signature	p. 164
Conclusions	p. 167
Elucidating Explosives	p. 169
Bulk Isotope Analysis of Explosives and Precursors	p. 170
Ammonium Nitrate	p. 171
Hexamine, RDX and Semtex	p. 172
Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxides	p. 176
Isotopic Product/Precursor Relationship	p. 179
Potential Pitfalls	p. 182
Conclusions	p. 183
Matching Matchsticks	p. 184
¹³C-Bulk Isotope Analysis	p. 185
¹⁸C-Bulk Isotope Analysis	p. 186
²H-Bulk Isotope Analysis	p. 187
Matching Matches from Fire Scenes	p. 188
Conclusions	p. 189
Provenancing People	p. 190
Stable Isotope Abundance Variation in Human Tissue	p. 191
The Skull from the Sea	p. 194
A Human Life Recorded in Hair	p. 197
Found in Newfoundland	p. 201
The Case of The Scissor Sisters'	p. 207
Conclusions	p. 211
Stable Isotope Forensics of other Physical Evidence	p. 214
Microbial Isotope Forensics	p. 214
Paper, Plastic (Bags) and Parcel Tape	p. 215
Paper	p. 215
Plastic and Plastic Bags	p. 216
Parcel Tape	p. 218
Conclusions	p. 221
Summary	p. 222
'Play True?': Stable Isotopes in Anti-doping Control or Quis custodiet ipsos custodes	p. 224
Testosterone Metabolism and ¹³C Isotopic Composition	p. 226
Analytical Methodology: Gas Chromatography and Peak Identification	p. 230
Sample Preparation Procedures	p. 236
Preparing Silver Phosphate from Bio-apatite for ¹⁸0 Isotope Analysis	p. 236
Acid Digest of Carbonate from Bio-apatite for ¹³C and ¹⁸0 Isotope Analysis	p. 238
Standard Protocol for Preparing Hair Samples for ²H Isotope Analysis	p. 240
References	p. 242
Government Agencies and Institutes with Dedicated Stable Isotope Laboratories	p. 253
Acknowledgements	p. 255
Recommended Reading	p. 257
Author's Biography	p. 261
Index	p. 263
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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