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Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions

by Flanagan; Ehleringer; Pataki; Mooney

ISBN13: 9780120884476
ISBN10: 012088447X
eBook ISBN(s): 9780080525280, 9780120884476
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 2004-12-29
Publisher: Elsevier Science

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Summary

The emerging multidisciplinary field of earth system science sets out to improve our understanding functioning ecosystems, at a global level across the entire planet. Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions looks to one of its most powerful tools - the application of stable isotope analyses - to understanding biosphere-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases, and synthesizes much of the recent progress in this work. Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions describes recent progress in understanding the mechanisms, processes and applications of new techniques. It makes a significant contribution to the emerging, multidisciplinary study of the Earth as an interacting system. This book will be an important reference for students and researchers in biology, ecology, biogeochemistry, meteorology, and atmospheric science and will be invaluable for anyone with any interest in the future of the planet. * Describes applications of new stable isotope techniques to the emerging fields of earth system science and global change * Illustrates advances in scaling of physiological processes from leaf/soil to the global scale * Contains state-of-the-art, critical reviews written by international researchers and experts

Contributors

Introduction: Stable Isotopes and Earth System Science

(8)

Lawrence B. Flanagan

Global Change and Earth System Science

(1)

Physiological Ecology and Global Gas Exchange

(1)

Historical Background and the Contents of this Book

(2)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(5)

Part I Stable Isotopes and Physiological Processes

Factors Affecting the Oxygen Isotope Ratio of Plant Organic Material

(20)

Margaret M. Barbour

Lucas A. Cernusak

Graham D. Farguhar

Factors Contributing to Variation in δ18Op

(10)

Modeling δ18O of Plant Material

(2)

Combined Measurement of Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Ratios

(1)

Potential Applications

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(4)

Stable Isotope Composition of Soil Organic Matter

(18)

Gerd Gleixner

Introduction

(2)

Origin of Carbon in Soils

(1)

Chemical Structure and Stable Isotopic Ratio of Plant Carbon Forming Soil Organic Matter

(4)

Distribution of Carbon and Nitrogen and their Stable Isotopes in Soil Profiles

(2)

Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter

(2)

Molecular Insight into Soil Organic Matter Formation

(3)

Summary

(1)

References

(4)

Factors Determining the 13C Abundance of Soil-Respired CO2 in Boreal Forests

(22)

Peter Hogberg

Aif Ekblad

Anders Nordgren

Agnetu H. Plamboeck

Anders Ohlsson

Bhupinderpal-Singh

Mona N. Hogberg

Introduction

(1)

CO2 Production in Soils

(13)

Variability in the C Isotopes in Plants, Soil, and Soil CO2 Efflux in Boreal Forest---A Case Study

(2)

Concluding Remarks

(1)

References

(5)

Factors that Control the Isotopic Composition of N2O from Soil Emissions

(16)

Tibisay Perez

Introduction

(1)

Factors that Control the Rate of Production and Emission of Soil N2O

(2)

Processes Controlling the Stable Isotope Composition of N2O

(9)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(4)

Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Effects in Microbial Methane from Terrestrial Environments

(24)

Jeffrey Chanton

Lia Chaser

Paul Glasser

Don Siegel

Isotopic Effects During Methane Oxidation

(2)

Isotopic Effects Associated with Methane Production Mechanisms

(4)

Supporting Field Data

(6)

Isotope Cross Plots

(1)

Summary, Speculation, and Recommendation

(2)

Acknowledgments

101

(1)

References

101

(8)

Part II Ecosystem Scale Processes

Theoretical Examination of Keeling-plot Relationships for Carbon Dioxide in a Temperate Broadleaved Forest with a Biophysical Model, Canisotope

109

(16)

Dennis D. Baldocchi

David R. Bowling

Introduction

109

(1)

Model Framework

110

(2)

Results and Discussion

112

(9)

Conclusions

121

(1)

Acknowledgments

122

(1)

References

123

(2)

Partitioning Ecosystem Respiration Using Stable Carbon Isotope Analyses of CO2

125

(29)

Kevin Tu

Todd Dawson

Introduction

125

(2)

Partitioning Approach

127

(1)

Variation in Respiration Signatures Among Ecosystem Components

128

(2)

Causes of Variation in Respiration Signatures

130

(4)

Implications of Variation in Respiration Signatures on Soil C-Dynamics

134

(4)

Determining Source Signatures

138

(7)

Using Variation in Respiration Signatures to Partition Ecosystem Respiration

145

(1)

Conclusions

146

(2)

Acknowledgments

148

(1)

References

148

(6)

Simulation of Ecosystem C18OO Isotope Fluxes in a Tallgrass Prairie: Biological and Physical Controls

154

(17)

Christopher Still

William J. Riley

Brent R. Helliker

Joseph A. Berry

Introduction

154

(1)

Background

155

(2)

Ecosystem Model Simulations

157

(4)

Ecosystem Isofluxes

161

(5)

Summary and Conclusions

166

(2)

References

168

(3)

Ecosystem CO2 Exchange and Variation in the δ18O of Atmospheric CO2

171

(11)

Lawrence B. Flanagan

Introduction

171

(3)

Oxygen Isotope Effects during Ecosystem CO2 Exchange

174

(2)

Variation in Environmental Conditions and Associated Changes in Ecosystem Isofluxes

176

(2)

Implications for the Declining Trend in δ18O of Atmospheric CO2

178

(2)

References

180

(2)

Stable Isotope Constraints on Net Ecosystem Production Under Elevated CO2

182

(17)

Elise Pendall

Jennifer Y. King

Arvin R. Moser

Jack Morgan

Daniel Milchunas

Introduction: Approaches for Estimating Net Ecosystem Production

182

(3)

Experimental Approach

185

(6)

Constructing the Ecosystem Carbon Balance: NEP

191

(5)

Conclusions

196

(1)

Acknowledgments

196

(1)

References

196

(3)

Stable Isotopes as a Tool in Urban Ecology

199

(18)

Diane E. Pataki

Susan E. Bush

James R. Ehleringer

Introduction

199

(1)

The Isotopic Composition of Urban CO2 Sources

200

(3)

Partitioning Urban CO2 Sources

203

(4)

The Isotopic Composition of Urban Plant Biomass

207

(4)

Conclusions

211

(1)

References

211

(6)

Part III Global Scale Processes

Terrestrial Ecosystems and Interannual Variability in the Global Atmospheric Budgets of 13CO2 and 12CO2

217

(18)

James T. Randerson

Introduction

217

(2)

A Graphical Means to Understanding the Global Atmospheric Budget: Robin Hood Diagrams

219

(8)

Mechanisms Contributing to Interannual Variability in Atmospheric δ13C

227

(3)

Unresolved Questions

230

(1)

Conclusions

231

(1)

Acknowledgments

231

(1)

References

232

(3)

Remarks on the Use of 13C and 18O Isotopes in Atmospheric CO2 to Quantify Biospheric Carbon Fluxes

235

(33)

Philippe Ciais

Matthias Cuntz

Mark Scholze

Florent Mouillot

Philippe Peylin

Vincent Gitz

Introduction

235

(1)

Formulation of Global Budgets

236

(1)

Understanding δ13C in Atmospheric CO2

237

(11)

Understanding δ18O in Atmospheric CO2

248

(7)

Concluding Remarks

255

(3)

Notations

258

(4)

References

262

(6)

Factors Influencing the Stable Isotopic Content of Atmospheric N2O

268

(20)

Thom Rahn

Introduction

268

(1)

Isotopic Considerations

269

(2)

Isotopomers and Isotopologues

271

(2)

N2O from the Terrestrial Biosphere

273

(1)

N2O from the Oceans and Other Aquatic Regions

274

(2)

Other N2O Sources

276

(1)

N2O Loss Processes

277

(3)

The N2O Global Isotopic Budget

280

(2)

References

282

(6)

The Carbon Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane and its Constraint on the Global Methane Budget

288

(23)

John B. Miller

Introduction

288

(5)

δ13CH4 Observations

293

(13)

References

306

(5)

Series List

311

(2)

Index

313

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Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Rewards Program