State And Local Government

by Bowman, Ann O’M.; Kearney, Richard C.

• ISBN13: 9780618429479
• ISBN10: 0618429476
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-12-23
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

The Sixth Edition of this best-selling text continues to provide the comprehensive and current coverage of institutions, political behavior, and policy-making at the state and local level. The strong policy orientation of the text, as well as its unifying theme of the increased capacity and responsibility of state and local governments have established this text as the standard for this course. Web resources in every chapter foster student interest in state and local politics and policy. An enhanced text-specific web site provides additional resources for instructors and students. Chapter 18, Environmental Policy, covers a broad range of issues to address the tension between economic and environmental interests. Overall revisions address the latest challenges facing the states as they try to overcome budget shortfalls and incorporate federal mandates. Breaking New Ground and Debating Politics boxes facilitate critical thinking and class discussion by presenting policy innovations and controversial issues. Updated coverage of e-government and the Internet explores the impact of technology on government and citizen participation.

Table of Contents

PREFACE	xi
Part One: The Context for State and Local Politics and Government
1 New Directions for State and Local Government	1	(23)
Studying State and Local Government in the Twenty-First Century	2	(3)
The Capacity of States and Localities	5	(10)
The People: Designers and Consumers of Government	15	(6)
Linking Capacity to Results	21	(1)
Chapter Recap	22
Breaking New Ground: Creating an Image	13	(11)
2 Federalism and the States	24	(31)
The Concept of Federalism	25	(3)
The History of U.S. Federalism	28	(10)
Models of Federalism	38	(3)
Intergovernmental Relations	41	(5)
Federal Purse Strings	46	(4)
The Future of Federalism	50	(3)
Chapter Recap	53
Debating Politics: Decriminalizing Medical Marijuana	52	(3)
3 State Constitutions	55	(25)
The Evolution of State Constitutions	57	(4)
Weaknesses of Constitutions	61	(4)
Constitutional Reform	65	(6)
Methods for Constitutional Change	71	(6)
State Responsiveness and Constitutional Reform	77	(1)
Chapter Recap	78
Debating Politics: The Unicameral Legislature	69	(11)
4 Citizen Participation and Elections	80	(31)
Participation	81	(7)
Elections	88	(5)
Election-Day Lawmaking	93	(8)
Citizen Access to Government	101	(5)
Volunteerism as Participation	106	(2)
The Effects of Citizen Participation	108	(1)
Chapter Recap	109
Debating Politics: Voting: It's Not Just for Old People	86	(19)
Breaking New Ground: E-Z Access to Government...and the Ballot Box	105	(6)
5 Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Campaigns	111	(30)
Political Parties	111	(10)
Interest Groups	121	(9)
Political Campaigns	130	(9)
Chapter Recap	139
Debating Politics: Third Parties: Also-Rans or Real Contenders?	119	(18)
Breaking New Ground: Rethinking Campaign Finance	137	(4)
Part Two: The Institutions of State Government
6 State Legislatures	141	(31)
The Essence of Legislatures	142	(2)
Legislative Dynamics	144	(11)
Legislative Behavior	155	(2)
How a Bill Becomes Law	157	(3)
Legislative Reform and Capacity	160	(5)
Relationship with the Executive Branch	165	(5)
Legislatures and Capacity	170	(1)
Chapter Recap	170
Debating Politics: Redistricting Politics in Texas: The Democrats Head for the Border	150	(3)
Breaking New Ground: Women Legislative Leaders	153	(19)
7 Governors	172	(35)
The Office of Governor	173	(5)
Being Governor: Duties and Responsibilities	178	(8)
Formal Powers of the Governor	186	(11)
Informal Powers	197	(4)
Removal from Office	201	(1)
Other Executive Branch Officials	202	(3)
The Capability of U.S. Governors	205	(1)
Chapter Recap	206
Breaking New Ground: A Vision Shared	185	(2)
Debating Politics: What Should the Governor Do?	187	(20)
8 Public Administration: Budgeting and Service Delivery	207	(36)
Public Employees in State and Local Government:
Who They Are, What They Do	209	(3)
Budgeting in State and Local Government	212	(8)
Human Resource Management Policy in State and Local Government: From Patronage to Merit	220	(10)
The Politics of Bureaucracy	230	(3)
Reinventing Government	233	(5)
The Quality of Public Administration	238	(2)
Chapter Recap	240
Debating Politics: Damned If You Do	211	(15)
Debating Politics: Is This Sexual Harassment?	226	(11)
Breaking New Ground: Re-engineering Government with Geographic Information Systems	237	(6)
9 The Judiciary	243
The Structure of State Court Systems	245	(4)
How Judges Are Selected	249	(9)
Judicial Decisionmaking	258	(6)
New Judicial Federalism	264	(2)
Administrative and Organizational Improvements in State Courts	266	(4)
Chapter Recap	270
Breaking New Ground: Cyberjuror	260	(8)
Debating Politics: Tort Reform	268	(4)
Part Three: Local Governments...and the States
10 The Structure of Local Government	272	(31)
Orientations to Communities	273	(3)
County Government	276	(4)
Municipal Government	280	(12)
Towns and Townships	292	(2)
Special Districts	294	(2)
School Districts	296	(2)
Communities and Governance	298	(2)
Chapter Recap	300
Debating Politics: Running Miami Like a Business	286	(2)
Breaking New Ground: Wal-Mart Versus Inglewood: Score 1 for the City	288	(15)
11 Local Leadership and Governance	303	(25)
Community Power	304	(6)
Local Executives	310	(8)
Local Legislatures	318	(7)
Leadership and Capacity	325	(1)
Chapter Recap	326
Debating Politics: Who's Got the Power?	309	(7)
Breaking New Ground: Strong Mayor + Strong Manager = Strong City?	316	(12)
12 State-Local Relations	328	(27)
The Distribution of Authority	330	(5)
State-Local Organizations	335	(2)
Metropolitics: A New Challenge for State Government	337	(10)
States and Urban Policy	347	(4)
States and Their Rural Communities	351	(1)
The Interaction of State and Local Governments	352	(1)
Chapter Recap	353
Debating Politics: Massachusetts Says "Adios" to Its Counties	329	(16)
Breaking New Ground: Killington, Vermont, Explores Its Options...in New Hampshire	345	(10)
13 State and Local Finance	355	(36)
The Principles of Finance	357	(3)
Revenues	360	(14)
The Political Economy of Taxation	374	(6)
Managing Money	380	(4)
State and Local Financial Relations	384	(4)
State and Local Finance in the 2000's	388	(1)
Chapter Recap	389	(2)
Part Four: Public Policy in States and Localities
14 Economic Development	391	(25)
Regional Differences in Economic Prosperity	392	(2)
Approaches to Economic Development	394	(2)
The Politics of Economic Development	396	(4)
Current Initiatives	400	(8)
Persistent Questions in Economic Development	408	(3)
The Implications of Economic Development Policy	411	(3)
Chapter Recap	414
Breaking New Ground: The Creative Class and Cool Cities	393	(6)
Debating Politics: Offshore Outsourcing: Globalization Grabs Some U.S. Jobs	399	(17)
15 Education Policy	416	(35)
The Crisis in Education	418	(6)
Intergovernmental Roles in Education	424	(8)
Actors in Education Policy	432	(6)
Educational Innovation in the States	438	(10)
The Continuing Challenge of Public Education	448	(1)
Chapter Recap	449
Breaking New Ground: SAGE Students	435	(5)
Debating Politics: Standardized Testing	440	(11)
16 Criminal Justice	451	(30)
How Much Crime Is There?	453	(4)
Intergovernmental Roles in Criminal Justice	457	(1)
The Ongoing Challenge of Crime Fighting	458	(1)
Actors in Criminal Justice Policy	459	(3)
How Policy Participants Interact: Two Policy Areas	462	(5)
Correctional Policy	467	(5)
Policy Alternatives for States and Localities	472	(6)
The Continuing Challenge in Crime and Corrections	478	(1)
Chapter Recap	479
Debating Politics: Concealed Weapons Permits...Or, Will There Be Shootouts Over the Last Mustard Packet at Burger King?	456	(25)
17 Social Welfare and Health Care Policy	481	(25)
The Meaning of Poverty	482	(2)
Social Welfare and Ideology	484	(2)
Current Social Welfare Policy	486	(1)
Types of Social Welfare Programs	487	(4)
State Innovations in Social Welfare	491	(3)
Turning Welfare Checks into Paychecks	494	(4)
Health Care	498	(7)
Chapter Recap	505
Breaking New Ground: From Welfare Checks to Paychecks	496	(6)
Debating Politics: Prescription Drugs and the Uninsured	502	(4)
18 Environmental Policy	506
The Political Economy of Environmental Protection	507	(4)
Intergovernmental Relationships in Environmental Policy	511	(9)
Dealing with Waste	520	(6)
Two Challenges for Policymakers	526	(2)
Chapter Recap	528
Debating Politics: Environmental Self-Audits: Industry Takes on a New Role	511	(5)
Breaking New Ground: Driving Green: Environmentally Friendly Alternative Fuels	516
REFERENCES	R-1
INDEX	I-1