State and Local Government With Infotrac

by Cox, George H.; Rosenfeld, Raymomd

• ISBN13: 9780534555399
• ISBN10: 053455539X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-10-31
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This lively book is intended to show what state and local governments actually do and especially how their role in American public life has grown over the past twenty years. Such chapters as "Capitol City Players: Everyday Politics in the States" make this material, which often appears dull in competing books, interesting and important. This text is briefer than many texts in this market and is also a paperback.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xi
Introduction	xiii
The Power of Place: Society, Culture, and Popular Government	1	(26)
Constitutions and Sovereignty	3	(2)
The Power and Sense of Place	5	(3)
Regional Cultures	5	(1)
Urbanization and Mass Culture	6	(1)
Place as Personal Property	7	(1)
The People Called ``Americans''	8	(8)
Race and Racial Consciousness	9	(4)
Diversity's Policy Implications	13	(1)
Immigration and Migration	13	(3)
Political Culture	16	(3)
Technology and Civic Culture	19	(4)
Technology and Generational Change	20	(1)
Technology and the Individual	21	(1)
Enjoying Leisure Life	22	(1)
Technology's Effect on Place, Time, and Culture	22	(1)
Chapter Conclusion	23	(4)
Power Sharing in a Federal System: Theoretical and Practical Balance	27	(26)
Constitutional Federalism	28	(10)
A Confederation of States	28	(1)
A More Perfect National Union	28	(2)
Judicial Interpretation	30	(3)
Citizenship and Voting Rights	33	(5)
National Supremacy More Generally	38	(1)
Conclusions About Constitutional Federalism	38	(1)
Programmatic Federalism	38	(9)
Policy and Program Development	39	(3)
Policy or Program Implementation	42	(2)
Policy or Program Evaluation	44	(3)
Issues in Federalism	47	(1)
Revenue Sharing	47	(1)
Unfunded Mandates	47	(1)
Policy Preemption	47	(1)
Local Government Home Rule	48	(1)
Chapter Conclusion	49	(4)
Capital City Players: Everyday Politics in the States	53	(22)
State-Level Political Parties	54	(8)
State Party Organization	54	(2)
Parties' Organizational Effectiveness	56	(1)
Party Organization and Discipline	56	(1)
The Character of State Political Parties	57	(1)
State Partisan Elections	58	(1)
Regulation of Campaign Finances	59	(2)
State Parties in the Government	61	(1)
State-Level Interest Groups	62	(2)
Interest Group Activities	64	(1)
Regulating Interest Groups	64	(1)
Media in the State Capital	64	(3)
News Services	65	(1)
Capital City Newspapers	65	(1)
Broadcast Media	66	(1)
State Political Systems	67	(5)
Chapter Conclusion	72	(3)
State Legislatures: Policy Roles and Procedural Rules	75	(26)
Public Policy Decision Making	76	(1)
Direct Democracy	77	(3)
Representative Democracy	80	(6)
Public Expectations	80	(1)
Representation in State Legislatures	81	(2)
Election Campaigns	83	(1)
Legislative Sessions	84	(1)
Legislator Profile	84	(2)
Legislative Life in the State Capital	86	(2)
Legislatures and Political Players	87	(1)
Legislative Leadership	88	(1)
Chamber Leadership	88	(1)
Party Leadership	89	(1)
Passing State Laws	89	(4)
State Legislation	93	(1)
Public Education	93	(1)
Crime Control	94	(1)
Welfare Reform	94	(1)
Legislative Oversight	94	(4)
Program Review	95	(1)
Budgetary Oversight	96	(1)
Regulatory Oversight	97	(1)
Chapter Conclusion	98	(3)
State Executives: Leadership and Accountability	101	(20)
State Governors	102	(10)
Gubernatorial Elections	103	(2)
Results of Recent Gubernatorial Elections	105	(2)
Governors Taking Office	107	(1)
The Governor as Legislative Leader	108	(1)
The Governor's Immediate Staff	109	(1)
The Governor as Budgetary Leader	110	(2)
The Governor's Appointment Powers	112	(1)
Lieutenant Governors	112	(4)
Appointed Agency Heads	114	(2)
State Managers	116	(1)
Reforming Executive Branch Government	117	(2)
Chapter Conclusion	119	(2)
Bureaucrats and Regulators: Delivering Services and Protecting Consumers	121	(20)
The Bureaucracy of Service Delivery	123	(6)
Specialization and Professionalism	125	(1)
Civil-Service Protection	126	(1)
Hierarchy and Communications	127	(2)
Evaluating State Government Professionalism	129	(2)
Bureaucracy Conclusion	130	(1)
Regulators and Consumer Protection	131	(4)
Selecting the Regulators	132	(1)
Corporate Regulation	132	(1)
Professional Licensing	133	(2)
State Public Service Commissions	135	(3)
Organization and Powers	135	(2)
Public-Service Issues	137	(1)
The Future of Public Service Commissions	138	(1)
Regulation: Some Answers	138	(1)
Chapter Conclusion	139	(2)
State Courts: The Rules and Boundaries of the Game	141	(20)
American Justice	142	(2)
Criminal Trials	142	(1)
Civil Trials	143	(1)
Court Structure in the States	144	(1)
State Trial Courts	144	(1)
State Appeals Courts	144	(1)
Serving as a State Judge	145	(2)
The Administration of Justice	147	(2)
Issues Before the State Courts	149	(9)
Crime-Control Concerns	150	(1)
Crime Control and the Courts	151	(1)
Correctional Supervision and Incapacitation	152	(3)
Juvenile Crime	155	(1)
Criminal Justice	155	(1)
Civil Justice	156	(2)
Chapter Conclusion	158	(3)
Local Communities: Politics Where We Live	161	(30)
A Community of Neighborhoods	163	(7)
Neighborhood and Tenants' Associations	165	(1)
Neighborhood Issues	165	(3)
Neighborhood Politics	168	(2)
Business and Labor Organizations	170	(6)
Local Business Issues	173	(1)
Business's Political Power	174	(1)
Labor's Political Power	175	(1)
Civic Clubs	176	(3)
Civic Issues	177	(2)
Civic Clubs and Politics	179	(1)
Religious Congregations	179	(4)
Religious Issues	180	(2)
Faith-Based Organizations and Politics	182	(1)
Special Issue Organizations	183	(1)
Typical Special Interest Organizations	183	(1)
Special Interests and Politics	183	(1)
Interpreting Community Groups	184	(4)
Elite Theory	185	(1)
Pluralist Theory	186	(1)
Regime Theory	187	(1)
Chapter Conclusion	188	(3)
Taking the Next Step: Local Political Participation	191	(20)
Local Elections	193	(8)
Popular Votes on the Issues	194	(1)
Electing City Officials	194	(4)
Mayoral Elections	198	(2)
Local Judicial Elections	200	(1)
Variations on the Representative Government Theme	201	(1)
Voter Turnout	202	(3)
Other Forms of Participation	205	(1)
Interpreting Local Participation	206	(3)
Chapter Conclusion	209	(2)
Navigating City Hall: How Local Government Is Structured	211	(30)
The Big Picture of Local Government Structure	212	(2)
Historical Background of Local Government Structure	214	(6)
Political Machines	215	(2)
Progressive Reform Movement	217	(3)
Conclusion to History of Local Government Structures	220	(1)
Municipal Government Structure	220	(6)
Strong Mayor Form	221	(1)
Council-Manager Form	222	(2)
Commission Form	224	(1)
The Choice of Form	225	(1)
Townships	226	(1)
Duties of City Officials	227	(10)
City Councils	227	(1)
City Mayors	228	(5)
City Managers	233	(2)
Mayoral Leadership	235	(2)
Local Government Bureaucrats	237	(1)
Chapter Conclusion	237	(4)
Counties, Special Districts, and School Systems: Politics Beyond City Hall	241	(26)
States and Their Counties	242	(9)
County Geography	242	(1)
County Demographics	243	(1)
County Authority	243	(1)
The Commission Form of Government	244	(1)
County Administrators	245	(1)
Other Elected County Officials	245	(1)
County Executive	246	(1)
County Courts	247	(1)
County Services	248	(1)
Consolidated Services	248	(1)
County Government Capacity Building	249	(2)
Special Service Districts	251	(4)
Governmental Powers of Special Districts	252	(1)
Chicago's Special Districts	253	(1)
Water-Quality Districts	253	(1)
Concerns About Special District Government	254	(1)
Independent School Districts	255	(8)
State Educational Policy	255	(1)
Local School Policies	255	(1)
School District Politics	256	(1)
Confidence in Public Schools	257	(3)
Education Policy Innovation	260	(2)
Local Education Policy Making	262	(1)
Chapter Conclusion	263	(4)
Metropolitan Government: Accommodation and Reform	267	(14)
The Growth of the Metropolis	268	(3)
Technical Change	268	(1)
Governmental Factors	269	(1)
Cultural Forces	270	(1)
The Debate over Metropolitan Government	271	(7)
Advantages of Multiple Local Governments	272	(1)
Disadvantages of Fragmented Local Governments	273	(5)
From Fragmentation to Coordination	278	(6)
Councils of Government	278	(1)
Informal Cooperative Agreements	279	(1)
Interlocal Service Agreements	279	(1)
The Lakewood Plan	279	(1)
Tax-Base Sharing	279	(1)
Two-Tier Systems	280	(1)
City-County Consolidation	281	(1)
Other Options	282	(2)
Transportation Policy and Metropolitan Areas	284	(3)
The Local Government View of Transportation	284	(2)
The National Government View of Transportation	286	(1)
Transportation Policy Issues for State and Local Governments	286	(1)
Chapter Conclusion	287
Local Government Policy: Decision Making Close to Home	281	(38)
Local Ordinances	292	(1)
Code Enforcement	293	(1)
Mandated Programs	294	(1)
Raising Public Revenues	295	(1)
Land-Use Regulation	296	(3)
Land-Use Plans	297	(1)
Zoning Ordinances	297	(1)
Subdivision Regulations	297	(1)
Building Codes	298	(1)
Housing Codes	298	(1)
Eminent Domain	299	(1)
Conclusions about Local Policy Making	299	(1)
Balancing Priorities and Making Trade-Offs	300	(1)
Development and Preservation	301	(6)
Economic-Development Strategies	301	(3)
Community-Preservation Strategies	304	(2)
Balancing Development and Preservation	306	(1)
Public Safety and Social Justice	307	(4)
Public Safety Strategies	307	(2)
Ensuring Social Justice	309	(2)
Mobility and Sprawl	311	(2)
Personal Mobility	311	(1)
Urban, Suburban, and Exurban Sprawl	312	(1)
Balancing Mobility and Sprawl	312	(1)
Excellent Services and Modest Taxes	313	(2)
Quality Public-Service Strategies	313	(1)
Keeping Taxes Modest	314	(1)
Balancing Service and Taxation	315	(1)
Chapter Conclusion	315	(4)
Appendix Neighborhood Survey	319	(4)
Glossary	323	(14)
Name Index	337	(4)
Subject Index	341