The State of the State Institutional Transformation, Capacity and Political Change in South Africa

by Picard, Louis A.

• ISBN13: 9781868144198
• ISBN10: 1868144194
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-04-30
• Publisher: Wits University Press

Summary

"The State of the State breaks new ground by exploring political and socio-economic issues about the nature of the South African state from the 1990s through the early 21st century. Picard argues that the structural legacies of the apartheid state, embedded in governmental planning, bureaucratic and educational systems, have a continuing impact on the new democratic government in South Africa. The author argues that political and bureaucratic institutions are both important and limiting." "This book will appeal to a wide readership ranging from students of history, politics and policy at undergraduate and postgraduate level to professionals studying public administration and management. It should also appeal to practitioners in the field and to people interested more broadly in the history of the state in South Africa and the nature of the transition which took place in the 1990s."--BOOK JACKET.

Author Biography

Louis A Picard is Professor in the Division of International Development, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh in the United States.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
1. The Institutional State in South Africa: A Framework for Analysis	1	(23)
Authoritarian Underpinnings of a Democratic State?	1	(12)
The Nature of the Problem	1	(2)
The Country	3	(2)
Development Administration and the Non-Development	5	(5)
State in Africa The Civil Service Burden and the Challenge of Bureaucracy in South Africa	10	(3)
The Institutional State	13	(5)
An Analytical Framework	13	(2)
The Colonial Legacy	15	(3)
Conclusion	18	(6)
2. 'Baantjies vir Boeties': Patronage, Politics and the Rise of the National Party	24	(67)
From an Imperial Bureaucracy to an Ethnic Sub-System: The Union of South Africa Prior to 1948	24	(11)
The Colonial Interregnum (1899-1910) and the Imperial Vision	24	(4)
The Establishment of the Union Government: Botha, Smuts and Hertzog	28	(4)
The Intellectual Roots of Apartheid: The Broederbond and the Making of an Interest Group	32	(3)
Apartheid and the Bureaucracy	35	(17)
Afrikaner Affirmative Action: Public and Private Sector Contrasts	35	(6)
Racial Inequity as a Constant Factor	41	(3)
The Bloated State and the Need for Reform	44	(3)
Modest Reforms and Right-Wing Resistance	47	(3)
Still Jobs for Pals	50	(2)
The Civil Service Organisational Culture	52	(13)
Values	52	(6)
The Commission for Administration as a Control Mechanism	58	(5)
Affirmative Action and the National Party	63	(2)
Skills Shortages and Continuing Racial Inequality	65	(9)
A Public Service Profile	65	(4)
The Origins of the Skills Crisis	69	(2)
The Reality of Skills Shortages	71	(3)
Conclusion	74	(17)
3. Africanism Versus Non-Racialism, Affirmative Action and the Debate over Post-Apartheid South Africa	91	(85)
The Debate about Race	91	(10)
Africanism vs Non-Racialism	93	(4)
The Pan Africanist Congress and Black Consciousness	97	(2)
The ANC and the Africanist Position	99	(2)
Affirmative Action and the New South Africa	101	(9)
The ANC Forms an Opinion	101	(3)
The ANC and the Commonwealth Report	104	(3)
The Affirmative Action Debate	107	(3)
The Public Sector and the Negotiated Transition	110	(15)
Negotiation and the Bureaucracy, 1990-94	110	(5)
The Challenge in 1994	115	(2)
The ANC Frames a Policy	117	(3)
The Civil Service Debate During the Government of National Unity	120	(5)
Representative Bureaucracy During the Government of National Unity	125	(10)
'Jobs for South Africa'	125	(2)
Affirmative Action as Policy	127	(4)
New Rules for Defining Indigenous	131	(4)
Criticism of the Affirmative Action Policy	135	(20)
The Liberal Opposition	135	(4)
The Paper Trail	139	(2)
The New Public Service Commission (PSC)	141	(2)
Rescuing the Commission	143	(4)
Lip Service to Reform	147	(5)
The Strange Case of the Presidential Commission	152	(3)
Conclusion	155	(21)
4. Transition Without Transformation: The Limits of Capacity in the 'New' South Africa	176	(69)
The Need for Capacity	176	(17)
Playing the Numbers	177	(6)
Human Resource Development: The Solution?	183	(2)
The Need for Human Resource Development	185	(4)
Training as the Challenge	189	(4)
Training and Education Strategies	193	(20)
Origins: Training Native Administrators	193	(2)
Theories of Professional Development	195	(2)
The Generic Approach	197	(3)
Mount Grace and the New Public Administration Initiative	200	(7)
The Limits of Training Institutions	207	(6)
The Debate about Education and Training	213	(17)
The Appeal of Bridging	213	(3)
The Challenge of Higher Education	216	(7)
Donors and the Institutional Problem in South Africa	223	(7)
Conclusion	230	(15)
5. Patronage, Salaries and Corruption: A Continuity of Interests	245	(47)
Bureaucratic Interests: Continuity in the Institutional State	245	(20)
Salaries, Pensions and Politics under Apartheid	246	(4)
Salaries and the Negotiations	250	(6)
Salaries in the 'New South Africa'	256	(6)
Continued Dissatisfaction within the Public Sector	262	(3)
Patronage and Corruption in the Not So New South Africa	265	(13)
Vested Interests, Patronage and the Public Sector	265	(3)
A Legacy of Corruption	268	(4)
Low Crimes and Misdemeanours	272	(6)
Conclusion	278	(14)
6. The Institutional Legacy and Failure in the Provinces	292	(62)
The Legacy of Apartheid	292	(19)
Vested Interests during Apartheid	292	(4)
Bureaucratic Legacies and the Futility of Reform	296	(5)
The Homeland Bureaucratic Conundrum	301	(2)
The Provincial Transition	303	(4)
Capacity Limitations and Provincial Failure	307	(4)
Three Tales	311	(10)
A Province Without Homelands	312	(3)
New Iron Curtains?	315	(4)
The Province That Couldn't	319	(2)
The Special Problem of Provincial Corruption	321	(19)
Patronage and Corruption in the Homelands	321	(5)
Provincial Corruption in the New South Africa	326	(5)
Ghosts	331	(1)
Failing to Grasp the Nettle	332	(8)
Conclusion	340	(14)
7. The End of the Beginning	354	(18)
Thabo Mbeki and the Institutional State	356	(12)
Non-Racialism vs Representation	358	(3)
The Importance of Group Corporate Interests	361	(2)
Patronage and Corruption	363	(2)
Institutional Continuities and the Capacity Challenge	365	(3)
Conclusion	368	(4)
Select Bibliography	372	(6)
Glossary	378	(5)
Timeline	383	(1)
Index	384