Statistical Analysis of Geological Data

by Koch, George S., Jr.; Link, Richard F.

• ISBN13: 9780486495125
• ISBN10: 0486495124
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-05-01
• Publisher: Dover Publications
• More Book Details
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Summary

Extensive discussions cover the distribution, sampling, inference, analysis of variances; transformations of univariate statistical methods; analyses of geological trends and multivariate data; ratios and variables of constant sum; exploration for natural resources; and evaluation of computers and geology. No previous knowledge of statistics necessary.

Table of Contents

PART I. INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Scope and arrangement of the book	4	(2)
Problem solving	6	(2)
The nature of geological data	8	(3)
Sources of data for examples of analyses	11	(7)
Models	18	(11)
PART II. UNIVARIATE STATISTICAL METHODS
Distributions
Observations	29	(1)
Empirical frequency distributions	30	(1)
Histograms	31	(2)
Theoretical frequency distributions	33	(3)
Probability	36	(7)
Sampling
Populations and samples	43	(1)
Target and sampled populations	44	(4)
Mean, variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation	48	(7)
Random samples	55	(6)
Sampling distributions	61	(4)
Distribution of the sample mean	65	(6)
Distribution of the sample variance and the chi-square distribution	71	(8)
Inference
Estimation of population parameters	79	(3)
Point and interval estimates	82	(3)
Student's t-distribution	85	(4)
Confidence intervals for the population mean	89	(10)
Example estimation of ore grade with confidence intervals	99	(5)
Confidence intervals for the population variance	104	(1)
Hypothesis tests	105	(16)
Bayesian statistics	121	(5)
Indications	126	(6)
Analysis of Variance
Comparison of more than two means	132	(5)
The F-distribution	137	(2)
One-way analysis of variance	139	(5)
Examples of one-way analysis of variance	144	(4)
Analysis of variance of nested data	148	(2)
An example of nested analysis of variance	150	(3)
Randomized blocks	153	(8)
Linear combinations	161	(2)
Single degree of freedom	163	(12)
Examples of analysis with single degree of freedom	175	(5)
Linear models	180	(12)
Multiple comparisons	192	(6)
Relationships among basic statistical distributions	198	(4)
Distributions and Transformations
Some discrete distributions	202	(11)
The lognormal distribution	213	(18)
Transformations	231	(4)
Graphical representation of data	235	(8)
Mixed-frequency distributions	243	(14)
PART III. SAMPLING AND VARIABILITY IN GEOLOGY
Geological Sampling
Introduction	257	(5)
Geological factors that affect sampling	262	(8)
Hand-specimen sampling of outcrops	270	(6)
Drill sampling	276	(11)
Channel and chip sampling	287	(4)
Modal analysis	291	(3)
Other sampling methods	294	(1)
Range of geological variability	294	(9)
Variability in Geological Data
Problems of geological variability	303	(1)
Natural variability	304	(2)
Sampling bias and variability	306	(1)
Preparation bias and variability	307	(10)
Analytical bias and variability	317	(8)
Experimental designs	325	(38)
Index	363