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| Preface | |
| List of Figures | |
| List of Tables | |
| Introduction | |
| Statistics, forensic science and the law | |
| The use of statistics in forensic DNA | |
| Genetic basis of DNA profiling and typing technology | |
| Genetic basis | |
| Typing technology | |
| About the book | |
| Probability and statistics | |
| Probability | |
| Dependent events and conditional probability | |
| Law of total probability | |
| BayesÆ Theorem | |
| Binomial probability distribution | |
| Multinomial distribution | |
| Poisson distribution | |
| Normal distribution | |
| Likelihood ratio | |
| 0 Statistical inference | |
| 0.1 Test of hypothesis | |
| 0.2 Estimation and testing | |
| 1 Problems | |
| Population genetics | |
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | |
| Test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | |
| Observed and expected heterozygosities | |
| Chi-square test | |
| FisherÆs exact test | |
| Computer software | |
| Other statistics for analysis of a population database | |
| Linkage equilibrium | |
| Power of discrimination | |
| DNA profiling | |
| Subpopulation models | |
| Relatives | |
| Problems | |
| Parentage testing | |
| Standard trio | |
| Paternity index | |
| An example | |
| Posterior odds and probability of paternity | |
| Paternity computer software | |
| Steps in running the software | |
| The software to deal with an incest case | |
| A relative of the alleged father is the true father | |
| Alleged father unavailable but his relative is | |
| Motherless case | |
| Paternity index | |
| Computer software and example | |
| Motherless case: relatives involved | |
| A relative of the alleged father is the true father | |
| Alleged father unavailable but his relative is | |
| Computer software and example | |
| Determination of both parents | |
| Probability of excluding a random man from paternity | |
| Power of exclusion | |
| A random man case | |
| A relative case | |
| An elder brother case: mother available | |
| 0 Other issues | |
| 0.1 Reverse parentage | |
| 0.2 Mutation | |
| 1 Problems | |
| Testing for kinship | |
| Kinship testing of any two persons: HWE | |
| Computer software | |
| Kinship testing of two persons: subdivided populations | |
| Joint genotype probability | |
| Relatives involved | |
| Examples with software | |
| Three persons situation: HWE | |
| Computer software and example | |
| Three persons situation: subdivided populations | |
| Standard trio | |
| A relative of the alleged father is the true father | |
| Alleged father unavailable but his relative is | |
| Example | |
| General method and computer software | |
| Complex kinship determinations: method and software | |
| EasyPA_In_1_Minute software and the method | |
| EasyPAnt_In_1_Minute | |
| EasyIN_In_1_Minute | |
| EasyMISS_In_1_Minute | |
| Other considerations: probability of paternity and mutation | |
| Problems | |
| Interpreting mixtures | |
| An illustrative example | |
| Some common cases and a case example | |
| One victim, one suspect and one unknown | |
| One suspect and two unknowns | |
| Two suspects and two unknowns | |
| Case example | |
| Exclusion probability | |
| A general approach | |
| Population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | |
| Population with multiple ethnic groups | |
| Subdivided population | |
| Single ethnic group: simple cases | |
| Single ethnic group: general situations | |
| Multiple ethnic groups | |
| Computer software and example | |
| NRC II Recommendation 4.1 | |
| Single ethnic group | |
| Multiple ethnic groups | |
| Proofs | |
| The proof of Equation (6.6 | |
| The proof of Equation (6.8 | |
| The proof of Equation (6.9 | |
| The proofs of Equations (6.11) and (6.12 | |
| The proofs of Equations (6.14) and (6.15 | |
| 0 Problems | |
| Interpreting mixtures in the presence of relatives | |
| One pair of relatives: HWE | |
| Motivating example | |
| A probability formula | |
| Tested suspect with an unknown relative | |
| Unknown suspect with a tested relative | |
| Two related persons were unknown contributors | |
| An application | |
| Two pairs of relatives: HWE | |
| Two unknowns related respectively to two typed persons | |
| One unknown is related to a typed person and two other | |
| unknowns are related | |
| Two pairs of related unknowns | |
| Examples | |
| Extension | |
| Related people from the same subdivided population | |
| Introductory example | |
| A simple case with one victim, one suspect and one relative | |
| General formulas | |
| An example analyzed by the software | |
| Proofs | |
| Preliminary | |
| The proof of Equation (7.5 | |
| The proof of Equation (7.7 | |
| The proof of Equation (7.9 | |
| The proof of Equation (7.11 | |
| The proof of Equation (7.13 | |
| The proofs of Equations (7.18) and (7.20 | |
| Problems | |
| Other issues | |
| Lineage markers | |
| Haplotypic genetic markers for mixture | |
| Bayesian network | |
| Peak information | |
| Mass disaster | |
| Database search | |
| Solutions to Problems | |
| The standard normal distribution | |
| Upper 1% and 5% points of w2 distributions | |
| Bibliography | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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