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9780534602468

Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (with InfoTrac)

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780534602468

  • ISBN10:

    0534602460

  • Edition: 6th
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2003-07-28
  • Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Gravetter and Wallnau's proven best-seller offers the straightforward instruction, accuracy, built-in learning aids, and wealth of real-world examples that professors AND students have come to appreciate. The authors integrate applications to ensure that even students with a weak background in mathematics can achieve mastery of statistical concepts. They skillfully demonstrate that having an understanding of statistical procedures will help them not only understand published findings, but also become savvy consumers of information. Known for its exceptional accuracy and examples, this text also has a complete supplements package to support instructors with class preparation and testing.

Table of Contents

PART I INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
1(136)
Introduction to Statistics
2(32)
Statistics, Science, and Observations
4(1)
Populations and Samples
4(6)
The Scientific Method and the Design of Research Studies
10(7)
Variables and Measurement
17(6)
Statistical Notation
23(11)
Summary
27(1)
Focus on Problem Solving
28(1)
Demonstrations 1.1 and 1.2
29(2)
Problems
31(3)
Frequency Distributions
34(36)
Overview
36(1)
Frequency Distribution Tables
36(7)
Frequency Distribution Graphs
43(7)
The Shape of a Frequency Distribution
50(2)
Percentiles, Percentile Ranks, and Interpolation
52(6)
Stem and Leaf Displays
58(12)
Summary
61(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
63(1)
Demonstrations 2.1 and 2.2
64(2)
Problems
66(4)
Central Tendency
70(33)
Overview
71(2)
The Mean
73(9)
The Median
82(5)
The Mode
87(2)
Selecting a Measure of Central Tendency
89(6)
Central Tendency and the Shape of the Distribution
95(8)
Summary
97(1)
Focus on Problem Solving
98(1)
Demonstrations 3.1 and 3.2
99(1)
Problems
100(3)
Variability
103(33)
Overview
104(2)
The Range
106(1)
The Interquartile Range and Semi-Interquartile Range
107(2)
Standard Deviation and Variance for a Population
109(7)
Standard Deviation and Variance for Samples
116(8)
More About Variance and Standard Deviation
124(4)
Comparing Measures of Variability
128(8)
Summary
129(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
131(1)
Demonstration 4.1
132(1)
Problems
133(3)
PART II FOUNDATIONS OF INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
136(93)
z-Scores: Location of Scores and Standardized Distributions
137(23)
Introduction to z-Scores
138(2)
z-Scores and Location in a Distribution
140(4)
Using z-Scores to Standardize a Distribution
144(5)
Other Standardized Distributions Based on z-Scores
149(3)
Looking Ahead to Inferential Statistics
152(8)
Summary
154(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
156(1)
Demonstrations 5.1 and 5.2
156(2)
Problems
158(2)
Probability
160(39)
Overview
161(1)
Introduction to Probability
162(5)
Probability and the Normal Distribution
167(7)
Probabilities and Proportions for Scores From a Normal Distribution
174(6)
Percentiles and Percentile Ranks
180(5)
Probability and the Binomial Distribution
185(5)
Looking Ahead to Inferential Statistics
190(9)
Summary
192(1)
Focus on Problem Solving
193(1)
Demonstrations 6.1 and 6.2
194(3)
Problems
197(2)
Probability and Samples: The Distribution of Sample Means
199(30)
Overview
200(1)
The Distribution of Sample Means
201(8)
Probability and the Distribution of Sample Means
209(4)
More About Standard Error
213(5)
Looking Ahead to Inferential Statistics
218(11)
Summary
222(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
224(1)
Demonstration 7.1
224(2)
Problems
226(3)
PART III INFERENCES ABOUT MEANS AND MEAN DIFFERENCES
229(291)
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
230(49)
The Logic of Hypothesis Testing
231(11)
Uncertainty and Errors in Hypothesis Testing
242(4)
An Example of a Hypothesis Test
246(6)
Directional (One-Tailed) Hypothesis Tests
252(5)
The General Elements of Hypothesis Testing: A Review
257(2)
Concerns About Hypothesis Testing: Measuring Effect Size
259(4)
Statistical Power
263(16)
Summary
269(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
271(1)
Demonstrations 8.1 and 8.2
272(2)
Problems
274(5)
Introduction to the t Statistic
279(29)
Overview
280(1)
The t Statistic---An Alternative to z
281(6)
Hypothesis Tests With the t Statistic
287(21)
Summary
300(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
302(1)
Demonstrations 9.1 and 9.2
302(2)
Problems
304(4)
The t Test for Two Independent Samples
308(33)
Overview
309(2)
The t Statistic for an Independent-Measures Research Design
311(6)
Hypothesis Tests With the Independent-Measures t Statistic
317(9)
Factors Influencing the Independent-Measures t and Effect Size
326(4)
Assumptions Underlying the Independent-Measures t Formula
330(11)
Summary
332(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
334(1)
Demonstrations 10.1 and 10.2
334(3)
Problems
337(4)
The t Test for Two Related Samples
341(27)
Overview
342(2)
The t Statistic for Related Samples
344(4)
Hypothesis Tests for the Repeated-Measures Design
348(5)
Hypothesis Testing With a Matched-Subjects Design
353(2)
Uses and Assumptions for Related-Samples t Tests
355(13)
Summary
359(1)
Focus on Problem Solving
360(1)
Demonstrations 11.1 and 11.2
360(3)
Problems
363(5)
Estimation
368(27)
An Overview of Estimation
369(6)
Estimation With the t Statistic
375(8)
A Final Look at Estimation
383(12)
Summary
385(1)
Focus on Problem Solving
386(1)
Demonstrations 12.1 and 12.2
387(4)
Problems
391(4)
Introduction to Analysis of Variance
395(47)
Introduction
397(4)
The Logic of Analysis of Variance
401(4)
ANOVA Notation and Formulas
405(8)
The Distribution of F-Ratios
413(2)
Examples of Hypothesis Testing with ANOVA
415(10)
Post Hoc Tests
425(4)
The Relationship Between ANOVA and t Tests
429(13)
Summary
432(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
434(1)
Demonstrations 13.1 and 13.2
435(2)
Problems
437(5)
Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
442(35)
Overview
443(5)
Notation and Formulas for Repeated-Measures ANOVA
448(8)
Testing Hypothesis With the Repeated-Measures ANOVA
456(6)
Advantages of the Repeated-Measures Design
462(3)
Assumptions of the Repeated-Measures ANOVA
465(12)
Summary
466(1)
Focus on Problem Solving
467(1)
Demonstrations 14.1 and 14.2
468(3)
Problems
471(6)
Two-Factor Analysis of Variance (Independent Measures)
477(43)
Overview
478(2)
Main Effects and Interactions
480(8)
Notation and Formulas
488(7)
An Example of the Two-Factor ANOVA
495(9)
Assumptions for the Two-Factor ANOVA
504(16)
Summary
505(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
507(1)
Demonstrations 15.1 and 15.2
508(6)
Problems
514(6)
PART IV CORRELATIONS AND NONPARAMETRIC TESTS
520(145)
Correlation and Regression
521(56)
Overview
522(5)
The Pearson Correlation
527(5)
Understanding and Interpreting the Pearson Correlation
532(5)
Hypothesis Tests With the Pearson Correlation
537(4)
The Spearman Correlation
541(8)
Other Measures of Relationship
549(4)
Introduction to Regression
553(24)
Summary
565(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
567(1)
Demonstrations 16.1 and 16.2
568(4)
Problems
572(5)
The Chi-Square Statistic: Tests for Goodness of Fit and Independence
577(39)
Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Tests
578(1)
The Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit
579(11)
The Chi-Square Test for Independence
590(9)
Assumptions and Restrictions for Chi-Square Tests
599(1)
Special Applications of the Chi-Square Tests
600(5)
Measuring Effect Size for the Chi-Square Test for Independence
605(11)
Summary
606(3)
Focus on Problem Solving
609(1)
Demonstration 17.1
609(2)
Problems
611(5)
The Binomial Test
616(17)
Overview
617(4)
The Binomial Test
621(2)
The Relationship Between Chi-Square and the Binomial Test
623(1)
The Sign Test
624(9)
Summary
628(1)
Focus on Problem Solving
629(1)
Demonstration 18.1
629(1)
Problems
630(3)
Statistical Techniques for Ordinal Data: Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal-Wallis Tests
633(32)
Data From an Ordinal Scale
634(3)
The Mann-Whitney U-Test
637(8)
The Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test
645(5)
The Kruskal-Wallis Test
650(15)
Summary
654(2)
Focus on Problem Solving
656(1)
Demonstrations 19.1, 19.2, and 19.3
656(4)
Problems
660(5)
Appendix A Basic Mathematics Review
665(22)
A.1 Symbols and Notation
667(2)
A.2 Proportions: Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages
669(6)
A.3 Negative Numbers
675(2)
A.4 Basic Algebra: Solving Equations
677(3)
A.5 Exponents and Square Roots
680(7)
Appendix B Statistical Tables
687(16)
Appendix C Solutions for Odd-Numbered Problems
703(18)
Statistics Organizer 721(16)
References 737(2)
Index 739

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