Statistics for Management

by Levin, Richard I.; Rubin, David S.

• ISBN13: 9780134762920
• ISBN10: 0134762924
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-06-03
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

WithStatistics for Management, Levin and Rubin have provided a non-intimidating business statistics book that users can easily read and understand. Like its predecessors, the seventh edition includes the absolute minimum of mathematical/statistical notation necessary to teach the material. Concepts are fully explained in simple, easy-to-understand language as they are presented, making the book an excellent source from which to learn and teach. After each discussion, readers are guided through real-world examples to show how book principles work in professional practice.Includes easy-to-understand explanations of difficult statistical topics, such as sampling distributions, relationship between confidence level and confidence interval, interpreting r-square. A complete package of teaching/learning aids is provided in every chapter, including chapter review exercises, chapter concepts tests,"Statistics at Work" conceptual cases, "Computer Database Exercises", "From the Textbook to the Real-World Examples."

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction	1	(6)
1.1 Why Should I Take This Course and Who Uses Statistics Anyhow?	2	(1)
1.2 History	3	(1)
1.3 Subdivisions within Statistics	3	(1)
1.4 A Simple any Easy-to-Understand Approach	4	(1)
1.5 Features That Make Learning Easier	5	(2)
Chapter 2 Grouping and Displaying Data to Convey Meaning: Tables and Graphs	7	(62)
2.1 How Can We Arrange Data?	8	(3)
2.2 Examples of Raw Data	11	(2)
2.3 Arranging Data Using the Data Array and the Frequency Distribution	13	(8)
2.4 Constructing a Frequency Distribution	21	(12)
2.5 Graphing Frequency Distributions	33	(14)
Statistics at Work	47	(2)
Computer Database Exercise	49	(2)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 2	51	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 2	51	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	52	(12)
Chapter Concepts Test	64	(4)
Flow Chart: Arranging Data to Convey Meaning	68	(1)
Chapter 3 Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion in Frequency Distributions	69	(90)
3.1 Summary Statistics	70	(3)
3.2 A Measure of Central Tendency: The Arithmetic Mean	73	(10)
3.3 A Second Measure of Central Tendency: The Weighted Mean	83	(4)
3.4 A Third Measure of Central Tendency: The Geometric Mean	87	(4)
3.5 A Fourth Measure of Central Tendency: The Median	91	(8)
3.6 A Final Measure of Central Tendency: The Mode	99	(6)
3.7 Dispersion: Why It Is Important	105	(3)
3.8 Ranges: Useful Measures of Dispersion	108	(5)
3.9 Dispersion: Average Deviation Measures	113	(13)
3.10 Relative Dispersion: The Coefficient of Variation	126	(6)
3.11 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)	132	(4)
Statistics at Work	136	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	136	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 3	137	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 3	138	(4)
Review and Application Exercises	142	(6)
Chapter Concepts Test	148	(6)
Flow Charts: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion	154	(5)
Chapter 4 Probability I: Introductory Ideas	159	(62)
4.1 Probability: The Study of Odds and Ends	160	(1)
4.2 Basic Terminology in Probability	161	(3)
4.3 Three Types of Probability	164	(6)
4.4 Probability Rules	170	(6)
4.5 Probabilities under Conditions of Statistical Independence	176	(9)
4.6 Probabilities under Conditions of Statistical Dependence	185	(8)
4.7 Revising Prior Estimates of Probabilities: Bayes' Theorem	193	(7)
Statistics at Work	200	(2)
Computer Database Exercise	202	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 4	203	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 4	204	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	205	(9)
Chapter Concepts Test	214	(5)
Flow Chart: Probability I: Introductory Ideas	219	(2)
Chapter 5 Probability Distributions	221	(74)
5.1 What Is a Probability Distribution?	222	(4)
5.2 Random Variables	226	(6)
5.3 Use of Expected Value in Decision Making	232	(5)
5.4 The Binomial Distribution	237	(12)
5.5 The Poisson Distribution	249	(8)
5.6 The Normal Distribution: A Distribution of a Continuous Random Variable	257	(16)
5.7 Choosing the Correct Probability Distribution	273	(1)
Statistics at Work	274	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	275	(2)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 5	277	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 5	277	(2)
Review and Application Exercises	279	(8)
Chapter Concepts Test	287	(5)
Flow Chart: Probability Distributions	292	(3)
Chapter 6 Sampling and Sampling Distributions	295	(50)
6.1 Introduction to Sampling	296	(2)
6.2 Random Sampling	298	(7)
6.3 Design of Experiments	305	(4)
6.4 Introduction to Sampling Distributions	309	(5)
6.5 Sampling Distributions in More Detail	313	(11)
6.6 An Operational Consideration in Sampling: The Relationship between Sample Size and Standard Error	324	(5)
Statistics at Work	329	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	330	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 6	331	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 6	332	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	333	(5)
Chapter Concepts Test	338	(4)
Flow Chart: Sampling and Sampling Distributions	342	(3)
Chapter 7 Estimation	345	(56)
7.1 Introduction	346	(3)
7.2 Point Estimates	349	(5)
7.3 Interval Estimates: Basic Concepts	354	(4)
7.4 Interval Estimates and Confidence Intervals	358	(3)
7.5 Calculating Interval Estimates of the Mean from Large Samples	361	(6)
7.6 Calculating Interval Estimates of the Proportion from Large Samples	367	(4)
7.7 Interval Estimates Using the t Distribution	371	(7)
7.8 Determining the Sample Size in Estimation	378	(6)
Statistics at Work	384	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	385	(1)
From the Textbook to the Real World	386	(2)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 7	388	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 7	388	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	389	(5)
Chapter Concepts Test	394	(4)
Flow Chart: Estimation	398	(3)
Chapter 8 Testing Hypotheses: One Sample Tests	401	(52)
8.1 Introduction	402	(1)
8.2 Concepts Basic to the Hypothesis-Testing Procedure	403	(4)
8.3 Testing Hypotheses	407	(9)
8.4 Hypothesis Testing of Means When the Population Standard Deviation Is Known	416	(8)
8.5 Measuring the Power of a Hypothesis Test	424	(3)
8.6 Hypothesis Testing of Proportions: Large Samples	427	(6)
8.7 Hypothesis Testing of Means When the Population Standard Deviation Is Not Known	433	(5)
Statistics at Work	438	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	439	(1)
From the Textbook to the Real World	440	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 8	441	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	441	(5)
Chapter Concepts Test	446	(5)
Flow Chart: One-Sample Tests of Hypotheses	451	(2)
Chapter 9 Testing Hypotheses: Two-Sample Tests	453	(58)
9.1 Hypothesis Testing for Differences between Means and Proportions	454	(2)
9.2 Tests for Differences between Means: Large Sample Sizes	456	(6)
9.3 Tests for Differences between Means: Small Sample Sizes	462	(6)
9.4 Testing Differences between Means with Dependent Samples	468	(8)
9.5 Tests for Differences between Proportions: Large Sample Sizes	476	(9)
9.6 Prob Values: Another Way to Look at Testing Hypotheses	485	(4)
9.7 Using the Computer to Test Hypotheses	489	(3)
Statistics at Work	492	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	493	(2)
From the Textbook to the Real World	495	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 9	496	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 9	496	(2)
Review and Application Exercises	498	(6)
Chapter Concepts Test	504	(5)
Flow Chart: Two-Sample Tests of Hypotheses	509	(2)
Chapter 10 Quality and Quality Control	511	(56)
10.1 Introduction	512	(2)
10.2 Statistical Process Control	514	(2)
10.3 x Charts: Control Charts for Process Means	516	(11)
10.4 R Charts: Control Charts for Process Variability	527	(5)
10.5 p Charts: Control Charts for Attributes	532	(7)
10.6 Total Quality Management	539	(5)
10.7 Acceptance Sampling	544	(8)
Statistics at Work	552	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	553	(2)
From the Textbook to the Real World	555	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 10	556	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 10	557	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	558	(4)
Chapter Concepts Test	562	(4)
Flow Chart: Quality Control	566	(1)
Chapter 11 Chi-Sqaure and Analysis of Variance	567	(80)
11.1 Introduction	568	(1)
11.2 Chi-Square as a Test of Independence	569	(15)
11.3 Chi-Square as a Test of Goodness of Fit: Testing the Appropriateness of a Distribution	584	(7)
11.4 Analysis of Variance	591	(17)
11.5 Inferences about a Population Variance	608	(7)
11.6 Inferences about Two Population Variances	615	(8)
Statistics at Work	623	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	624	(1)
From the Textbook to the Real World	625	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 11	626	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 11	627	(2)
Review and Application Exercises	629	(10)
Chapter Concepts Test	639	(5)
Flow Chart: Chi-Sqaure and Analysis of Variance	644	(3)
Chapter 12 Simple Regression and Correlation	647	(70)
12.1 Introduction	648	(6)
12.2 Estimation Using the Regression Line	654	(23)
12.3 Correlation Analysis	677	(10)
12.4 Making Inferences about Population Parameters	687	(8)
12.5 Using Regression and Correlation Analyses: Limitations, Errors, and Caveats	695	(2)
Statistics at Work	697	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	698	(1)
From the Textbook to the Real World	699	(1)
Terms Introduction in Chapter 12	699	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 12	700	(2)
Review and Application Exercises	702	(8)
Chapter Concepts Test	710	(4)
Flow Chart: Regression and Correlation	714	(3)
Chapter 13 Multiple Regression and Modeling	717	(74)
13.1 Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis	718	(1)
13.2 Finding the Multiple-Regression Equation	719	(9)
13.3 The Computer and Multiple Regression	728	(10)
13.4 Making Inferences about Population Parameters	738	(5)
13.5 Modeling Techniques	753	(15)
Statistics at Work	768	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	769	(1)
From the Textbook to the Real World	770	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 13	771	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 13	771	(2)
Review and Application Exercises	773	(10)
Chapter Concepts Test	783	(5)
Flow Chart: Multiple Regression and Modeling	788	(3)
Chapter 14 Nonparametric Methods	791	(70)
14.1 Introduction to Nonparametric Statistics	792	(3)
14.2 The Sign Test for Paired Data	795	(6)
14.3 Rank Sum Tests: The Mann-Whitney U Test and the Kruskal-Wallis Test	801	(12)
14.4 The One-Sample Runs Test	813	(8)
14.5 Rank Correlation	821	(11)
14.6 The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test	832	(5)
Statistics at Work	837	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	837	(1)
From the Textbook to the Real World	838	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 14	839	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 14	840	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	841	(12)
Chapter Concepts Test	853	(5)
Flow Chart: Nonparametric Methods	858	(3)
Chapter 15 Time Series and Forecasting	861	(60)
15.1 Introduction	862	(1)
15.2 Variations in Time Series	863	(2)
15.3 Trend Analysis	865	(12)
15.4 Cyclical Variation	877	(6)
15.5 Seasonal Variation	883	(8)
15.6 Irregular Variation	891	(1)
15.7 A Problem Involving All Four Components of a Time Series	892	(9)
15.8 Time Series Analysis in Forecasting	901	(1)
Statistics at Work	902	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	903	(1)
From the Textbook to the Real World	904	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 15	905	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 15	906	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	907	(7)
Chapter Concepts Test	914	(5)
Flow Chart: Time Series	919	(2)
Chapter 16 Index Numbers	921	(48)
16.1 Defining an Index Number	922	(4)
16.2 Unweighted Aggregates Index	926	(4)
16.3 Weighted Aggregates Index	930	(9)
16.4 Average of Relatives Methods	939	(6)
16.5 Quantity and Value Indices	945	(5)
16.6 Issues in Constructing and Using Index Numbers	950	(2)
Statistics at Work	952	(1)
Computer Database Exercise	952	(1)
From the Textbook to the Real World	953	(1)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 16	954	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 16	955	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	956	(7)
Chapter Concepts Test	963	(4)
Flow Chart: Index Numbers	967	(2)
Chapter 17 Decision Theory	969
17.1 The Decision Environment	970	(2)
17.2 Expected Profit under Uncertainty: Assigning Probability Values	972	(8)
17.3 Using Continuous Distributions: Marginal Analysis	980	(9)
17.4 Utility as a Decision Criterion	989	(4)
17.5 Helping Decision Makers Supply the Right Probabilities	993	(4)
17.6 Decision-Tree Analysis	997	(13)
Statistics at Work	1010	(1)
From the Textbook to the Real World	1011	(2)
Terms Introduced in Chapter 17	1013	(1)
Equations Introduced in Chapter 17	1014	(1)
Review and Application Exercises	1014	(8)
Chapter Concepts Test	1022
Appendix Tables
Appendix Table 1 Standard Normal Probability Distribution A-1
Appendix Table 2 Student's Distribution A-2
Appendix Table 3 Binomial Probabilities A-3
Appendix Table 4(a) Values of 21 for Computing Poisson Probabilities A-12
Appendix Table 4(b) Direct Values for Determining Poisson Probabilities A-13
Appendix Table 5 Chi-Square Distribution A-18
Appendix Table 6(a) F Distributions with 0.05 of Area in Right Tail A-20
Appendix Table 6(b) F Distributions with 0.01 Of Area in Right Tail A-21
Appendix Table 7 Spearman's Rank Correlation A-22
Appendix Table 8 Critical Values of D in Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test A-23
Appendix Table 9 Control Chart Factors A-23
Appendix Table 10 Student Records for Computer Examples A-24
Appendix Table 11 Company Earnings Data for Computer Examples A-24
Answers to Chapter Concepts Tests A-25
Answers to Selected Even-Numbered Exercises A-29
Bibliography B-1
Index I-1