Statistics at Square Two... | Buy

Updated companion volume to the ever popular Statistics at Square One (SS1)Statistics at Square Two, Second Edition, helps you evaluate the many statistical methods in current use. Going beyond the basics of SS1, it covers sophisticated methods and highlights misunderstandings. Easy to read, it includes annotated computer outputs and keeps formulas to a minimum.Worked examples of methods such as multiple and logical regression reinforce the text. Each chapter concludes with exercises to stimulate learning.All those who need to understand statistics in clinical research papers and apply them in their own research will value this compact and coherent guide.

M J Campbell, Professor of Medical Statistics, University of Sheffield, UK

Preface

viii

Models, tests and data

1

(9)

Basics

1

(1)

Models

2

(1)

Types of data

3

(1)

Significance tests

4

(1)

Confidence intervals

5

(1)

Statistical tests using models

6

(1)

Model fitting and analysis: confirmatory and exploratory analyses

6

(1)

Computer-intensive methods

7

(1)

Bayesian methods

7

(1)

Missing values

7

(1)

Reporting statistical results in the literature

8

(1)

Reading statistics in the literature

9

(1)

Multiple linear regression

10

(22)

The model

10

(1)

Uses of multiple regression

11

(1)

Two independent variables

11

(5)

Interpreting a computer output

16

(6)

Multiple regression in action

22

(1)

Assumptions underlying the models

23

(2)

Model sensitivity

25

(2)

Stepwise regression

27

(1)

Reporting the results of a multiple regression

28

(1)

Reading the results of a multiple regression

28

(4)

Logistic regression

32

(21)

The model

32

(2)

Uses of logistic regression

34

(1)

Interpreting a computer output: grouped analysis

35

(5)

Logistic regression in action

40

(1)

Model checking

41

(2)

Interpreting computer output: ungrouped analysis

43

(2)

Case--control studies

45

(1)

Interpreting computer output: unmatched case--control study

45

(2)

Matched case--control studies

47

(1)

Interpreting computer output: matched case--control study

47

(2)

Conditional logistic regression in action

49

(1)

Reporting the results of logistic regression

50

(1)

Reading about logistic regression

50

(3)

Survival analysis

53

(14)

Introduction

53

(1)

The model

54

(2)

Uses of Cox regression

56

(1)

Interpreting a computer output

56

(2)

Survival analysis in action

58

(1)

Interpretation of the model

59

(1)

Generalisations of the model

59

(1)

Model checking

60

(2)

Reporting the results of a survival analysis

62

(1)

Reading about the results of a survival analysis

63

(4)

Random effects models

67

(17)

Introduction

67

(1)

Models for random effects

68

(1)

Random vs fixed effects

69

(1)

Use of random effects models

69

(3)

Random effects models in action

72

(2)

Ordinary least squares at the group level

74

(2)

Computer analysis

76

(4)

Model checking

80

(1)

Reporting the results of random effects analysis

81

(1)

Reading about the results of random effects analysis

81

(3)

Other models

84

(14)

Poisson regression

84

(5)

Ordinal regression

89

(3)

Time series regression

92

(3)

Reporting Poisson, ordinal or time series regression in the literature

95

(1)

Reading about the results of Poisson, ordinal or time series regression in the literature

96

(2)

Appendix 1: Exponentials and logarithms

98

(2)

Logarithms

98

(2)

Appendix 2: Maximum likelihood and significance tests

100

(9)

Binomial models and likelihood

100

(2)

Poisson model

102

(1)

Normal model

102

(2)

Hypothesis testing: LR test

104

(1)

Wald test

105

(1)

Score test

106

(1)

Which method to choose?

106

(1)

Confidence intervals

107

(2)

Appendix 3: Bootstrapping and variance robust standard errors

109

(8)

Computer analysis

111

(2)

The bootstrap in action

113

(1)

Robust or sandwich estimate SE

113

(2)

Reporting the bootstrap and robust SEs in the literature

115

(2)

Appendix 4: Bayesian methods

117

(2)

Reporting Bayesian methods in the literature

118

(1)

Answers to exercises

119

(4)

Glossary

123

(6)

Index

129

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