Preface | |
Acknowledgements | |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Inspection and in-situ testing | p. 1 |
Reasons for strengthening | p. 3 |
Methods of avoiding or limiting strengthening | p. 3 |
Factors to be considered when designing strengthening | p. 7 |
Methods of strengthening | p. 8 |
Parapet upgrading | p. 13 |
Bridge bashing | p. 13 |
Fatigue | p. 14 |
Identifying research | p. 14 |
Case histories | p. 15 |
Midland Links - bearing stiffeners | p. 16 |
DLR - shock transmission units (STUs) | p. 20 |
DLR - spring shear connectors | p. 22 |
Midland Links - pinned connection units (PCUs) | p. 25 |
Midland Links - transverse bracing | p. 29 |
Midland Links - transverse shear key | p. 32 |
Rakewood Viaduct - prestressing | p. 35 |
Midland Links - bearing guides | p. 38 |
Midland Links - steel box cross-beams | p. 41 |
Midland Links - bearing replacement | p. 44 |
Huntworth Viaduct - steel box strengthening | p. 47 |
East Cliff Viaduct - parapet upgrading | p. 54 |
Carlton Bridge - materials testing | p. 56 |
Friarton Bridge - prestressing | p. 58 |
North Mole Viaduct - doubler plates | p. 61 |
Conwy Bridge - diagonal brackets | p. 62 |
Wave Bridge - flange plates | p. 66 |
Honey Lane Bridge - flange channels to steel I-beams | p. 70 |
Gingerbread Hall - RC infill to trough deck | p. 73 |
North Bridge - additional beams | p. 75 |
Severalls Lane Bridge - web plates | p. 78 |
Boxted Road Bridge - half joints | p. 79 |
West Park Bridge - splice strengthening | p. 80 |
Avonmouth Bridge - prestressing | p. 83 |
New Road Overbridge - heat straightening | p. 89 |
Motts Bridge - U-frame action | p. 94 |
Proposed Erskine Bridge strengthening | p. 96 |
Poplar High Street - verge and parapet | p. 98 |
M25 New Haw Viaduct - parapet replacement | p. 102 |
Littledale Viaduct - parapets upgrading | p. 104 |
Faversham - Ashford parapet upgrading | p. 107 |
Midland Links - shock transmission units | p. 109 |
Laleham Bridge - bridge bashing | p. 113 |
Airport Road Bridge - bridge bashing | p. 116 |
Erskine Bridge collision damage | p. 120 |
Midland Links - bridge bashing | p. 124 |
Dunton Flyover - bridge bashing | p. 127 |
Parapet Testing - research | p. 129 |
Bolney Flyover - contractual experience | p. 132 |
Conclusions | p. 135 |
Contractual experience | p. 135 |
Lessons learned for the future | p. 135 |
Summary | p. 136 |
References | p. 137 |
Index | p. 141 |
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