There is perhaps no topic that has engaged the interest of social psychologists as that of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. Researchers have studied stereotypes and prejudice toward African Americans, women, the elderly, the mentally ill, clinically obese people, homosexuals, the physically handicapped, and individuals with AIDS, to name but a few. Interest in studying stereotyping and prejudice comes both from its theoretical importance as a basic process of person perception, and also from its immense practical importance. As societies are becoming more ethnically diverse, people from different cultures are increasingly coming into contact with each other, with even greater opportunities for stereotypes and prejudice to operate. This book contains a collection of classic and contemporary readings that have contributed to our understanding of stereotypes and prejudice from a social-psychological perspective. The selected readings all make an important theoretical contribution, but have alsobeen chosen with an eye on their accessibility and appeal to students. The volume also includes an overall review of the current state of knowledge in the field, discussion questions, and a list of relevant references. It will be ideal for courses on prejudice.

About the Editor

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

Volume Overview

1

(16)

Charles Stangor

PART 1 Conceptualizing Stereotypes and Prejudice

17

(66)

The Nature of Prejudice

20

(29)

Gordon W. Allport

Social Categorization Cognitions, Values and Groups

49

(15)

Henri Tajfel

Joseph P. Forgas

Stereotypes as Individual and Collective Representations

64

(19)

Charles Stangor

Mark Schaller

PART 2 Measuring Stereotypes and Prejudice

83

(56)

Are Racial Stereotypes Really Fading? The Princeton Trilogy Revisited

86

(14)

Patricia G. Devine

Andrew J. Elliott

Racial Ambivalence and American Value Conflict: Correlational and Priming Studies of Dual Cognitive Structures

100

(19)

Irwin Katz

R. Glen Hass

Category and Stereotype Activation: Is Prejudice Inevitable?

119

(20)

Lorella Lepore

Rupert Brown

PART 3 How do Stereoypes Develop?

139

(70)

Gender Stereotypes Stem From the Distribution of Women and Men Into Social Roles

142

(19)

Alice H. Eagly

Valerie J. Steffen

Illusory Correlation in Interpersonal Perception: A Cognitive Basis of Stereotypic Judgments

161

(11)

David L. Hamilton

Robert K. Gifford

Prejudice as Self-Image Maintenance: Affirming the Self Through Derogating Others

172

(19)

Steven Fein

Steven J. Spencer

Language use in Intergroup Contexts: The Linguistic Intergroup Bias

191

(18)

Anne Maass

Daniela Salvi

Luciano Arcuri

Gun Semin

PART 4 Why Are Stereotypes Maintained Even When They Are Inaccurate?

209

(42)

A Hypothesis-Confirming Bias in Labeling Effects

212

(14)

John M. Darley

Paget H. Gross

The Nonverbal Mediation of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies in Interracial Interaction

226

(8)

Carl O. Word

Mark P. Zanna

Joel Cooper

Compensating for Stigma: Obese and Nonobese Women's Reactions to Being Visible

234

(17)

Carol T. Miller

Esther D. Rothblum

Diane Felicio

Pamela Brand

PART 5 When Do We Use Stereotypes and Prejudice?

251

(72)

Stereotypes as Judgmental Heuristics: Evidence of Circadian Variations in Discrimination

254

(5)

Galen V. Bodenhausen

Social Dominance Orientation: A Personality Variable Predicting Social and Political Attitudes

259

(30)

Felicia Pratto

Jim Sidanius

Lisa M. Stallworth

Bertram F. Malle

The Aversive Form of Racism

289

(16)

Samuel L. Gaertner

John F.Dovidio

Self-Directed Versus Other-Directed Affect as a Consequence of Prejudice-Related Discrepancies

305

(18)

Margo J. Monteith

Patricia G. Devine

Julia R. Zuwerink

PART 6 The Impact of Stereotypes and Prejudice

323

(68)

Perceived Intragroup Homogeneity in Minority-Majority Contexts

326

(12)

Bernd Simon

Rupert Brown

Social Science Research on Trial: Use of Sex Stereotyping Research in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins

338

(15)

Susan T. Fiske

Donald N. Bersoff

Eugene Borgida

Kay Deaux

Madeline E. Heilman

Social Stigma: The Affective Consequences of Attributional Ambiguity

353

(16)

Jennifer Crocker

Kristin Voelkl

Maria Testa

Brenda Major

Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual Test Performance of Afican Americans

369

(22)

Claude M. Steele

Joshua Aronson

PART 7 Improving Intergroup Perceptions and Behavior

391

(60)

Contact and Categorization: Social Psychological Interventions to Change Intergroup Relations

394

(25)

Miles Hewstone

Social Categorization and Behavioral Episodes: A Cognitive Analysis of the Effects of Intergroup Contact

419

(16)

Myron Rothbart

Oliver P. John

How Does Cooperation Reduce Intergroup Bias?

435

(16)

Samuel L. Gaertner

Jeffrey A. Mann

John F. Dovidio

Audrey J. Murrell

Marina Pomare

References

451

(6)

Appendix: How to Read a Journal Article in Social Psychology

457

(10)

Christian H. Jordan

Mark P.Zanna

Author Index

467

(14)

Subject Index

481

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