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9780198525257

Stochastic Population Dynamics in Ecology and Conservation

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780198525257

  • ISBN10:

    0198525257

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2003-06-05
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press

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Summary

All populations fluctuate stochastically, creating a risk of extinction that does not exist in deterministic models, with fundamental consequences for both pure and applied ecology. This book provides the most comprehensive introduction to stochastic population dynamics, combining classicalbackground material with a variety of modern approaches, including new and previously unpublished results by the authors, illustrated with examples from bird and mammal populations, and insect communities.Demographic and environmental stochasticity are introduced with statistical methods for estimating them from field data. The long-run growth rate of a population is explained and extended to include age structure with both deomgraphic and environmental stochasticity. Diffusion approximationsfacilitate the analysis of extinction dynamics and the duration of the final decline. Methods are developed for estimating delayed density dependence from population time series using life history data. Metapopulation viability and the spatial scale of population fluctuations and extinction risk areanalyzed. Stochastic dynamics and statistical uncertainty in population parameters are incorporated in Population Viability Analysis and strategies for sustainable harvesting.Statistics of species diversity measures and species abundance distributions are described, with implications for rapid assessments of biodiversity, and methods are developed for partitioning species diversity into additive components. Analysis of the stochastic dynamics of a tropical butterflycommunity in space and time indicates that most of the variance in the species abundance distribution is due to ecological heterogeneity among species, so that real communities are far from neutral.

Author Biography


Professor Lande is the winner of the Sewall Wright Award (1992),President, Society for the Study of Evolution, 1997, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1997- , MacArthur Foundation Fellow, 1997-2002.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
Demographic and environmental stochasticity
1(24)
Stochastic population fluctuations
1(2)
Concepts of stochasticity
3(3)
Formulation of stochasticity
6(5)
Stochasticity on the natural logarithmic scale
11(2)
Density-independent growth in a random environment
13(4)
Density-dependent growth in a random environment
17(1)
Parameter estimation
18(6)
Summary
24(1)
Extinction dynamics
25(28)
Paleo-extinctions
25(2)
Modern anthropogenic extinctions
27(2)
Diffusion approximation of stochastic dynamics
29(5)
Extinction trajectories in small populations
34(2)
Stationary distribution of population size
36(1)
Quasi-stationary distribution and mean time to extinction
37(10)
Expected duration of the final decline
47(2)
Distribution of time to extinction
49(2)
Summary
51(2)
Age structure
53(26)
Deterministic density-independent dynamics
53(6)
Long-run growth rate in a random environment
59(5)
Time series analysis of population fluctuations
64(4)
Estimation of density dependence from population time series
68(9)
Summary
77(2)
Spatial structure
79(22)
Classical metapopulations
79(1)
Metapopulation of a territorial species
80(4)
Metapopulation dynamics of nonterritorial species
84(5)
Population synchrony
89(10)
Summary
99(2)
Population viability analysis
101(18)
Assessing extinction risk
101(6)
Incorporating uncertainty using population prediction intervals (PPIs)
107(3)
Population models
110(2)
Examples of PVA
112(4)
Summary
116(3)
Sustainable harvesting
119(19)
Overexploitation and its causes
119(2)
Harvesting fluctuating populations
121(10)
Harvesting stochastic age-structured populations
131(3)
Reducing variance of annual yield in threshold harvesting
134(2)
Summary
136(2)
Species diversity
138(24)
Species abundance distributions
138(6)
Measures and statistics of diversity
144(4)
Species accumulation, rarefaction, and extrapolation
148(4)
Rapid assessment of diversity
152(3)
Partitioning diversity into additive components
155(6)
Summary
161(1)
Community dynamics
162(20)
Simple ecosystems
163(1)
Complex ecosystems and communities
164(3)
Lognormal species abundance distribution
167(4)
Analyzing community dynamics in space and time
171(3)
Dynamics of a tropical butterfly community
174(7)
Summary
181(1)
References 182(27)
Index 209

Supplemental Materials

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