Strabismus Surgery Basic and Advanced Strategies

by Plager, David A.; Parks, Marshall M.; von Noorden, Gunther K.

• ISBN13: 9780195170238
• ISBN10: 0195170237
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-07-15
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Strabismus Surgery: Basic and Advanced Strategies is an addition to the field of eye muscle surgery that combines the work of four leading ophthalmologists, representing the teaching from some of the premier pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus fellowship training programs in the United States. The emphasis of this book is not on the nuts and bolts of how to perform strabismus surgery, but rather on what, why, and when to do it. In short, the authors share their experiences and, by extension, that of their many mentors to provide systematic coverage of surgical strategies and important examination techniques for anyone performing strabismus surgeries. Included are strategies for surgical planning for everything from common horizontal muscle recession to the most challenging restrictive, paretic, or oblique muscle reoperation. In a unique roundtable type format, each author was given the opportunity to comment on the work of the other authors, which helps insure a balanced approach with alternative workable strategies when appropriate. The book's value is further enhanced by the contributions and commentary of two of the world's most revered strabismologists of the twentieth century -- Marshall M. Parks and Gunter K. von Noorden. Their contributions include helpful pearls of wisdom and historical vignettes derived from their combined nearly 100 years of experience in this field. Anyone with an interest in strabismus surgery will enjoy reading this book. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. xiii
Esotropic Deviations	p. 1
Infantile Esotropia	p. 2
Associated Findings	p. 3
Nonsurgical Treatment	p. 3
Surgical Treatment	p. 5
Differential Diagnosis	p. 8
Acquired Esotropia	p. 10
Refractive Esotropia	p. 10
Accommodative Non-refractive Esotropia	p. 12
Acquired Non-refractive Esotropia	p. 14
Acute Comitant Esotropia	p. 14
Divergence Paralysis or Insufficiency	p. 14
Suggested Readings	p. 16
Exotropic Deviations	p. 17
Intermittent Exotropia	p. 18
Clinical Characteristics	p. 18
Clinical Evaluation	p. 20
Nonsurgical Treatment	p. 24
Surgical Treatment	p. 25
Management of Surgical Overcorrection	p. 27
Management of Surgical Undercorrection	p. 29
Congenital Exotropia	p. 29
Sensory Exotropia	p. 30
Convergence Insufficiency	p. 30
Exotropic Duane Syndrome	p. 31
Suggested Readings	p. 32
Oblique Muscle Dysfunction	p. 35
Causes of Oblique Muscle Overaction	p. 36
Muscle Anomaly	p. 36
Orbit Abnormality	p. 36
Adduction Deficiency	p. 37
Innervation Anomaly	p. 38
Contralateral Restriction	p. 40
Inferior Oblique Overaction	p. 40
Diagnosis	p. 41
Surgical Treatment	p. 41
Inferior Oblique Underaction	p. 45
Palsy	p. 45
Brown Syndrome	p. 47
Superior Oblique Overaction	p. 52
Unilateral Overaction	p. 52
Bilateral Overaction	p. 52
Surgical Treatment	p. 53
Superior Oblique Underaction, or Palsy	p. 54
Congenital Fourth Nerve Palsy, or Superior Oblique Paresis	p. 55
Acquired Palsy	p. 55
Signs and Symptoms	p. 55
Diagnosis	p. 58
Surgical Treatment	p. 60
Suggested Readings	p. 68
Dissociated Deviations	p. 69
Terminology of Dissociated Strabismus Complex	p. 69
Theories of Causation	p. 70
Incidence of the Complex	p. 73
Ocular Manifestations of the Complex	p. 74
Treatment for Dissociated Vertical Deviation	p. 76
Treatment for Dissociated Horizontal Deviation	p. 80
Suggested Readings	p. 81
Paralytic Strabismus	p. 83
Surgical Principles	p. 84
Factors in Surgical Planning	p. 84
Surgical Considerations	p. 86
Fadenoperation (Posterior Fixation Suture)	p. 86
Transposition Procedures	p. 87
Sixth Nerve Palsy	p. 89
Nonsurgical Treatment	p. 91
Surgical Treatment	p. 92
Third Nerve Palsies	p. 97
Nonsurgical Treatment	p. 98
Surgical Treatment	p. 98
Double Elevator Palsy, or Monocular Elevation Deficiency	p. 106
Surgical Treatment	p. 106
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia	p. 109
Surgical Treatment	p. 110
Ocular Myasthenia	p. 111
Nonsurgical Treatment	p. 112
Surgical Treatment	p. 113
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia	p. 114
Surgical Treatment	p. 115
Suggested Readings	p. 116
Restrictive Strabismus	p. 117
Patient Evaluation	p. 117
Forced Duction Test	p. 117
Forced Generation Test	p. 119
Inspection of Surrounding Tissue	p. 119
Surgical Concepts	p. 120
Relieving the Restriction	p. 120
Creating a Matching Limitation	p. 120
Combined Restriction and Paresis	p. 121
Surgical Techniques	p. 122
Thyroid Ophthalmopathy	p. 123
Ocular Findings	p. 123
Diagnosis	p. 124
Surgical Treatment	p. 125
Orbital Wall Fractures	p. 132
Clinical Presentation	p. 132
Diagnosis	p. 134
Neuroimaging	p. 135
Surgical Treatment	p. 135
Retinal Detachment Surgery	p. 138
Diagnosis	p. 140
Surgical Treatment	p. 140
Cataract Surgery	p. 147
Diagnosis	p. 147
Surgical Treatment	p. 148
Congenital Fibrosis Syndrome	p. 148
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis	p. 150
Differential Diagnosis	p. 151
Surgical Treatment	p. 152
Suggested Readings	p. 153
Nystagmus Surgery	p. 155
Indications for Surgery	p. 155
Patient Evaluation	p. 156
Behavioral Interventions	p. 157
Optical and Pharmacologic Interventions	p. 157
Botulinum Toxin	p. 157
Surgery for Anomalous Head Postures	p. 158
Horizontal Anomalous Head Posture	p. 159
Vertical Anomalous Head Posture	p. 163
Surgery for Head Tilt	p. 164
Surgery for Visual Acuity	p. 166
Complications of Nystagmus Surgery	p. 166
Suggested Readings	p. 167
Reoperation Strategies	p. 169
Reoperation Principles	p. 169
Reoperation for Residual or Consecutive Horizontal Strabismus	p. 170
Residual Esotropia After Esotropia Surgery	p. 170
Consecutive Exotropia After Esotropia Surgery	p. 170
Residual Exotropia After Exotropia Surgery	p. 173
Consecutive Esotropia After Exotropia Surgery	p. 173
Reoperation for New Vertical Deviation	p. 174
Inferior Oblique Inclusion	p. 174
Inferior Oblique Adherence, or Fat Adherence	p. 176
Reoperation for Residual or Consecutive Vertical Strabismus	p. 176
Reoperation on the Inferior Oblique	p. 176
Reoperation on the Superior Oblique	p. 181
Suggested Readings	p. 183
Index	p. 185
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.