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Born and raised in Paterson, New Jersey, Vincent N. Parrillo experienced multiculturalism early as the son of a second-generation Italian American father and Irish/German American mother. He grew up in an ethnically diverse neighborhood, developing friendships and teenage romances with second- and third-generation Dutch, German, Italian, and Polish Americans. As he grew older, he developed other friendships that frequently crossed racial and religious lines.
Professor Parrillo came to the field of sociology after first completing a bachelor’s degree in business management and a master’s degree in English. After teaching high school English and then serving as a college administrator, he took his first sociology course when he began doctoral studies at Rutgers University. Inspired by a discipline that scientifically investigates social issues, he changed his major and completed his degree in sociology.
Leaving his administrative post but staying at William Paterson University, Prof. Parrillo has since taught sociology for more than 30 years. He has lectured throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe and has regularly conducted diversity leadership programs for the military and large corporations. His keynote address at a bilingual educators’ conference was published in Vital Speeches of the Day, which normally contains only speeches by national political leaders and heads of corporations and organizations.
Prof. Parrillo was a Fulbright Scholar in the Czech Republic and Scholar-in-Residence at the University of Pisa. He was the keynote speaker at international conferences in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Sweden. He has met with government leaders, nongovernment agency leaders, law enforcement officials, and educators in more than a dozen countries as a consultant on immigration policy, hate crimes, and multicultural education. He has done on-air interviews with Radio Free Europe and Voice of America, appeared on national Canadian television, and been interviewed by numerous Canadian and European reporters.
Prof. Parrillo’s ventures into U.S. media include writing, narrating, and producing two PBS award-winning documentaries, Ellis Island: Gateway to America and Smokestacks and Steeples: A Portrait of Paterson. Contacted by reporters across the nation for his views on race and ethnic relations, he has been quoted in dozens of newspapers, including the Chicago Sun-Times, Cincinnati Inquirer, Houston Chronicle, Hartford Courant, Omaha World-Herald, Orlando Sentinel, and Virginian Pilot. He has appeared on numerous U.S. radio and television programs.
Prof. Parrillo is also the author of Understanding Race and Ethnic Relations, third edition (Allyn & Bacon), Contemporary Social Problems, sixth edition (Allyn & Bacon), Cities and Urban Life, fourth edition (with John Macionis), Diversity in America, second edition, and Rethinking Today’s Minorities. His articles and book reviews have appeared in journals such as The Social Science Journal, Sociological Forum, Social Forces, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Journal of American Ethnic History, and the Encyclopedia of American Immigration. He is General Editor of the Encyclopedia of Sociology for Sage Publications. Several of his books and articles have been translated into other languages, including Chinese, Czech, Danish, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, and Swedish.
An active participant in various capacities throughout the years in the American Sociological Association and Eastern Sociological Society, Prof. Parrillo has been listed in Who’s Who in International Education, Outstanding Educators of America, American Men and Women of Science, and Who’s Who in the East. In 2004, he received the Award for Excellence in Scholarship from William Paterson University. In March 2005, the Eastern Sociological Society named him its Robin M. Williams, Jr. Distinguished Lecturer for 2005—2006, and elected him as its vice president for 2008—2009.
IN THIS SECTION:1.) BRIEF2.) COMPREHENSIVE
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Part I: The Sociological Framework Chapter 1: The Study of MinoritiesChapter 2: Culture and Social StructureChapter 3: Prejudice and DiscriminationChapter 4: Intergroup Relations Part II: European Americans Chapter 5: Northern and Western EuropeansChapter 6: Southern, Central, and East European Americans Part III: Visible Minorities Chapter 7: Native AmericansChapter 8: Asian AmericansChapter 9: Middle Eastern and North African AmericansChapter 10: Black AmericansChapter 11: Hispanic Americans
Part IV: Other Minorities Chapter 12: Religious MinoritiesChapter 13: Women as a Minority GroupChapter 14: Gays, People with Disabilities, and the Elderly Part V: Contemporary Patterns and Issues Chapter 15: The Ever-Changing U.S. Mosaic
COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Part I: Sociological Framework Chapter 1: The Study of Minorities The Stranger as a Social PhenomenonSimilarity and AttractionSocial DistancePerceptionsInteractionsMinority GroupsMinority-Group CharacteristicsRacial and Ethnic GroupsEthnocentrismIn the United StatesIn Other Times and LandsEurocentrism and AfrocentrismObjectivityThe Dillingham FlawPersonal Troubles and Public IssuesThe Dynamics of Intergroup RelationsSociological PerspectivesFunctionalist TheoryConflict TheoryInteractionist TheoryRetrospect Chapter 2: Culture and Social Structure The Concept of CultureThe Reality ConstructLanguage and Other SymbolsCultural ChangeCultural DiffusionBorrowed ElementsSubculturesConvergent SubculturesPersistent SubculturesStructural ConditionsStratificationSocial ClassClass ConsciousnessEthnicity and Social ClassBlaming the Poor or Society?Family DisintegrationPerpetuation of PovertyCriticismIntergroup ConflictCultural DifferentiationStructural DifferentiationEthnic StratificationThe Power-Differential TheoryThe Internal-Colonialism TheoryChallenges to the Status QuoIs There a White Culture?Retrospect Chapter 3: Prejudice and Discrimination PrejudiceThe Psychology of PrejudiceLevels of PrejudiceSelf-JustificationPersonalityFrustrationThe Sociology of PrejudiceSocializationEconomic CompetitionSocial NormsStereotypingEthnophaulismsEthnic HumorThe Influence of TelevisionPerpetuation of StereotypesInfluencing of AttitudesThe Influence of Advertising and MusicAdvertisingMusicCan Prejudice Be Reduced?InteractionEducationDiversity TrainingDiscriminationLevels of DiscriminationRelationships between Prejudice and DiscriminationThe Unprejudiced NondiscriminatorThe Unprejudiced DiscriminatorThe Prejudiced NondiscriminatorThe Prejudiced DiscriminatorSocial and Institutional DiscriminationThe Affirmative-Action ControversyThe Concepts of Justice, Liberty, and EqualityAffirmative Action BeginsCourt Challenges and RulingsHas Affirmative Action Worked? Public OpinionRacial ProfilingRetrospect Chapter 4: Intergroup Relations Minority-Group ResponsesEthnic- and Racial-Group IdentityAvoidanceDevianceDefianceAcceptanceConsequences of Minority-Group StatusNegative Self-ImageThe Vicious-Circle PhenomenonMarginalityMiddleman MinoritiesDominant-Group ResponsesLegislative ControlsSegregationExpulsionXenophobiaAnnihilationHate GroupsHate CrimesExploitationMinority-Minority RelationsTheories of Minority IntegrationAssimilation (Anglo-Conformity) TheoryAnglo-ConformityTypes of AssimilationAmalgamation (Melting-Pot) TheoryAdvocatesDid We Melt?Accommodation (Pluralistic) TheoryEarly AnalysisPluralistic RealityDual RealitiesRetrospect Part II: European Americans Chapter 5: North and West European Americans Sociohistorical PerspectiveThe Colonial PeriodCultural DiversityReligious IntoleranceThe Early National PeriodThe 1790 CensusEarly Signs of Nativist ReactionsXenophobiaLegislative ActionThe Pre–Civil War PeriodStructural ConditionsXenophobiaEnglish AmericansThe DepartureCulture ShockResisting AssimilationEnglish Influence Dutch AmericansStructural ConditionsPluralismFrench AmericansMarginality and AssimilationFrancophobiaPluralismLouisiana FrenchFrench CanadiansGerman AmericansEarly ReactionsThe Second Wave: Segregation and PluralismSocietal ResponsesCultural ImpactIrish AmericansCultural DifferentiationSocietal Reaction and Finding JobsMinority ResponseActions and ReactionsLabor ConflictUpward MobilityThe New IrishScandinavian AmericansIngroup SolidarityEthnic IdentitySocial Realities for WomenAssimilationSociological AnalysisThe Functionalist ViewThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect Chapter 6: South, Central, and East European Americans Sociohistorical PerspectiveThe Push–Pull FactorsStructural ConditionsSocietal ReactionRacismAmericanizationXenophobiaLegislative ActionSlavic AmericansEarlier ImmigrantsRecent ImmigrantsPolish AmericansCulture ShockCommunity OrganizationPolish Americans Today Russian AmericansLife in the United StatesXenophobiaRecent ImmigrantsUkrainian AmericansEarlier ImmigrantsRecent ImmigrantsHungarian AmericansLabor ConditionsRecent ImmigrantsItalian AmericansThe Great MigrationSocietal HostilitySocial PatternsMarginalitySocial MobilityItalian Americans TodayGreek AmericansOccupational DistributionSocial PatternsSocietal ReactionGreek Americans TodayRomani AmericansCultural DifferentiationEvasive PluralismImmigrant Women and WorkAssimilationSociological AnalysisThe Functionalist ViewThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect Part III: Visible Minorities Chapter 7: Native Americans Sociohistorical PerspectiveEarly EncountersCultural StrainsDiffering ValuesValues and Social StructureStereotypingChanges in Government PoliciesIndian Removal ActExpulsionThe CherokeeReservations and DependenceIndian Reorganization ActThe Relocation ProgramThe Termination ActPresent-Day Native American LifePopulationEducationImprovementTribal Colleges and UniversitiesEmploymentTribal EnterpriseThe “New Buffalo” Health ConcernsSuicide and ViolenceAlcohol AbuseHousingNatural ResourcesEnvironmental IssuesBlackfeetNavajoSouthern UteCouncil of Energy Resource TribesEnvironmental RacismWater RightsRed PowerPan-IndianismMilitancyThe CourtsBureau of Indian AffairsUrban Native AmericansCultural ImpactAssimilationSociological AnalysisThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect Chapter 8: Asian Americans Sociohistorical PerspectiveCultural AttributesThe ChineseStructural ConditionsSocietal ReactionLegislative ActionAvoidance and SegregationSocial FactorsRecent ImmigrantsSocioeconomic CharacteristicsThe JapaneseEconomic CompetitionNational PolicyExpulsion and ImprisonmentRecent ImmigrantsThe FilipinosEarly ImmigrantsThe Scarcity of Filipino WomenRecent Immigrants The KoreansEarly ImmigrantsRecent ImmigrantsThe Role of the ChurchOccupational AdaptationThe Asian IndiansEarly ImmigrantsSocietal ReactionMinority ResponseRecent ImmigrantsThe PakistanisThe VietnameseCultural DifferentiationAcculturationOther Southeast AsiansEthnoviolenceThe Model-Minority StereotypeAssimilationSociological AnalysisThe Functionalist ViewThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect
Chapter 9: Middle Eastern and North African AmericansSociohistorical PerspectiveThe Push–Pull FactorsStructural ConditionsSocietal ReactionArab AmericansSocial OrganizationResidential PatterningSocial IndicatorsFighting Stereotypes and Group BlameLebanese and Syrian AmericansEthnic IdentityMigration and SettlementCulture ConflictsEarly PatternsUpward MobilityThe Contemporary SceneEgyptian AmericansA Growing Wave of ImmigrationSettlement and AcculturationIraqi AmericansHomeland InfluenceThe Contemporary ScenePalestinian AmericansHomeland InfluenceThe American Federation of RamallahCommunity LifeIranian AmericansIsraeli AmericansPush–Pull FactorsSettlement PatternsAdjustment and IdentityTurkish AmericansFactors Against ImmigrationSocietal AttitudesSettlement PatternsAssimilationSociological AnalysisThe Functionalist ViewThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect Chapter 10: Black Americans Sociohistorical PerspectiveThe Years of SlaveryRacism and Its LegacyInstitutionalized RacismImmigration and Jim CrowEffects of Jim CrowThe SouthThe NorthThe Ku Klux KlanThe Winds of ChangeDesegregation: The First PhaseDesegregation: The Second PhaseUrban UnrestThe 1960s RiotsThe 1980s Miami RiotsThe 1992 Los Angeles RiotThe Bell Curve DebateEarly IQ TestsIQ Test Performance by Other GroupsLanguage as PrejudiceSocial Indicators of Black ProgressEducationIncomeOccupationHousingRedliningResidential SegregationRace or Class?The Black Middle ClassThe Black PoorThe Racial DivideAfrican and Afro-Caribbean ImmigrantsAfro-Caribbean AmericansThe HaitiansThe JamaicansAfrican-born AmericansCape Verdean AmericansNigerian AmericansAssimilationSociological AnalysisThe Functionalist ViewThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect Chapter 11: Hispanic Americans Sociohistorical PerspectiveStructural ConditionsCultural DifferentiationThe Cosmic RaceMachismoDignidadRacial AttitudesOther Cultural AttributesCurrent PatternsSocial Indicators of Hispanic ProgressEducationIncomeOccupationMexican AmericansRecruiting MexicansExpulsionViolenceUrban LifeStereotypingChicano PowerCurrent PatternsPuerto Rican AmericansEarly RelationsThe Push–Pull FactorsThe FamilyReligionPuerto Rican CommunitiesSocioeconomic Characteristics Cuban AmericansMigrationEthnic CommunitiesThe Contemporary SceneCultural Values Caribbean, Central, and South AmericansDominican AmericansSalvadoran AmericansNicaraguan AmericansColombian Americans AssimilationEducationFamilySociological AnalysisThe Functionalist ViewThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect Part IV: Other Minorities Chapter 12: Religious Minorities Sociohistorical PerspectiveCatholic AmericansSocietal HostilityValues and PracticesReligionEducationThe Contemporary SceneJewish AmericansImmigration Before 1880Newcomers and TensionAnti-SemitismUpward MobilitySocial InteractionJewish IdentityMormon AmericansThe Early YearsValues and PracticesFamilyEducationReligionEconomicsThe Contemporary SceneMuslim AmericansValues and PracticesConfronting Prejudice and DiscriminationAmish AmericansValues, Symbols, and PracticesConflicts with SocietyRastafarian AmericansThe Early Years in JamaicaFrom Outcasts to Social AcceptanceValues, Symbols, and PracticesThe Contemporary SceneSanterían AmericansValues, Symbols, and PracticesSantería in the United StatesHindu AmericansValues, Symbols, and PracticesHinduism in the United StatesReligion and U.S. SocietyCivil ReligionCurrent ControversiesAssimilationSociological analysisThe Functionalist ViewThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect Chapter 13: Women as a Minority Group Sociohistorical PerspectiveRestrictions on WomenThe Suffrage MovementThe Women’s Liberation MovementThe Reality of Gender DifferencesBiological ExplanationsSocialization and Gender RolesChildhood SocializationAdvertisingImmigrant and Minority WomenVestiges of White Ethnic OrientationsToday’s Minority Women CommonalitiesSocial Indicators of Women’s StatusEducationEmploymentIncomeSexual HarassmentComplaints and Actions Sexism and the LawSociological AnalysisThe Functionalist ViewThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect Chapter 14: Gays, People with Disabilities, and the Elderly Sexual OrientationSociohistorical PerspectiveGay GeneticsHomosexuality in the United StatesStigma and SanctionsTolerance and BacklashHow Many Gays Are There?Public Attitudes About HomosexualityCurrent IssuesHate CrimesSame-Sex MarriagesGay ParentingPeople with DisabilitiesSociohistorical PerspectiveAmericans with DisabilitiesLegislative ActionsRehabilitation Act of 1973Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990Myths and StereotypesCurrent IssuesOld AgeSociohistorical PerspectiveThe Graying of AmericaGrowing Diversity of the Older PopulationDemographic FactorsValues About AgeMyths and StereotypesMental CapacitiesSexualityCurrent IssuesAge DiscriminationEconomic SecurityHealth CareImmigrant ElderlySociological AnalysisThe Functionalist ViewActivity TheoryDisengagement TheoryThe Conflict ViewThe Interactionist ViewRetrospect Part V: Contemporary Patterns and Issues Chapter 15: The Ever-Changing U.S. Mosaic Ethnic ConsciousnessCountry of Origin as a FactorThe Three-Generation HypothesisThe Changing Face of EthnicityTransnationalismSocial CapitalSegmented AssimilationNaturalizationEthnicity as a Social ProcessMigration PatternsSymbolic EthnicityCurrent Ethnic IssuesImmigration FearsJobsWagesCosts and ContributionsPublic-Opinion PollsUnauthorized ImmigrantsLanguage RetentionBilingual EducationThe Official English MovementMulticulturalismDiversity in the FutureSocial Indicators of ChangeInterethnic MarriagesInterracial MarriagesRacial IdentityReligion and MigrationBeyond Tomorrow
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