Since Lord Rayleigh introduced the idea of viscous damping in his classic work "The theory of sound" (1877) it has become standard practice to use this approach in dynamics covering a huge range of applications from aerospace to civil engineering. However, in majority of practical cases this approach is adopted more for mathematical convenience than modelling the physics of vibration damping. Over the past decade extensive research have been done on more general 'non-viscous' damping models and vibration of non-viscously damped systems. This book is the first comprehensive text to cover vibration problems with general non-viscous damping. The author will draw on his considerable research experience to produce a volume covering: non-viscously damped single and multi-degree of freedom systems; continuous systems with non-local and non-viscous damping; identification of non-viscous damping; computational aspects of non-proportional and non-viscous damping and sensitivity analysis. The text will be written from a vibration theory standpoint, with numerous worked examples relevant across a wide range of mechanical, aerospace and structural engineering applications.

Sondipon Adhikari is Chair Professor of Aerospace Engineering at Swansea University, Wales. His wide-ranging and multi-disciplinary research interests include uncertainty quantification in computational mechanics, bio- and nanomechanics, dynamics of complex systems, inverse problems for linear and nonlinear dynamics, and renewable energy. He is a technical reviewer of 97 international journals, 18 conferences and 13 funding bodies. He has written over 180 refereed journal papers, 120 refereed conference papers and has authored or co-authored 15 book chapters.

1 Introduction to Damping Models 1

1.1 Historical review of vibration damping 1

1.2 Damping in structural elements 1

1.2.1 Material damping effects 1

1.2.2 Non-material damping effects 1

1.3 Viscous damping models 1

1.3.1 Proportional viscous damping 1

1.3.2 Non-proportional viscous damping 1

1.4 Viscoelastic damping 1

1.5 Fractional damping 1

1.6 General nonviscous damping models 1

1.7 Damping in composite materials and structures

1.8 Nonlinear damping models 1

1.9 Damping enhancement in vibrating systems 1

1.9.1 Tuned mass dampers 1

1.9.2 Friction dampers 1

1.9.3 Impact dampers 1

1.10 Experimental identification of damping 1

1.11 Scope of the book 1

2 Review of Undamped and Viscously Damped Systems 3

2.1 Single-degree-of-freedom systems 3

2.2 Multiple-degree-of-freedom undamped systems 3

2.2.1 Modal analysis 3

2.2.2 Dynamic response 5

2.3 Proportionally damped systems 7

2.3.1 Condition for proportional damping 8

2.3.2 Generalized proportional damping 9

2.3.3 Dynamic response 10

2.4 Non-proportionally damped systems 20

2.4.1 Free vibration and complex modes 21

2.4.2 Dynamic response 24

2.5 Continuous systems 28

2.5.1 Axial vibration of rods 28

2.5.2 Flexural vibration of beams 28

2.5.3 Bending vibration of thin plates 28

3 Nonviscously Damped Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 29

3.1 Introduction 29

3.2 The equation of motion 30

3.3 Conditions for oscillatory motion 32

3.4 Critical damping factors 36

3.5 Characteristics of the eigenvalues 37

3.5.1 Characteristics of the natural frequency 37

3.5.2 Characteristics of the decay rate corresponding to the oscillating mode 40

3.5.3 Characteristics of the decay rate corresponding to the non-oscillating mode 43

3.6 The frequency response function 44

3.7 Characteristics of the response amplitude 46

3.7.1 The frequency for the maximum response amplitude 47

3.7.2 The amplitude of the maximum dynamic response 55

3.8 Simplified analysis of the frequency response function 57

3.9 Summary 58

4 Nonviscously Damped Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 63

4.1 Introduction 63

4.1.1 Choice of the kernel function 64

4.1.2 The exponential model for MDOF nonviscously damped systems 66

4.2 The state-space formulation 68

4.2.1 Case A: All coefficient matrices are of full rank 68

4.2.2 Case B: coefficient matrices are rank deficient 71

4.3 The eigenvalue problem 73

4.3.1 Case A: All coefficient matrices are of full rank 74

4.3.2 Case B: coefficient matrices are rank deficient 76

4.4 Forced vibration response 77

4.4.1 Frequency domain analysis 77

4.4.2 Time domain analysis 78

4.5 Numerical examples 79

4.5.1 Example 1 79

4.5.2 Example 2 79

4.6 Concluding remarks 82

5 Nonviscously Damped Continuous Systems 85

5.1 Equation of motion 85

5.2 Models of damping 85

5.3 Axial vibration of rods with nonviscous damping 85

5.3.1 Equation of motion 85

5.3.2 Free vibration 85

5.3.3 Forced vibration 85

5.4 Flexural vibration of beams with nonviscous damping 85

5.4.1 Equation of motion 85

5.4.2 Free vibration 85

5.4.3 Forced vibration 85

5.5 Bending vibration of thin plates with nonviscous damping 85

5.5.1 Equation of motion 85

5.5.2 Free vibration 85

5.5.3 Forced vibration 85

6 Continuous Systems with Nonlocal Damping 87

6.1 Flexural vibration of beams with nonlocal damping 87

6.1.1 Exact solution using transfer matrix approach 87

6.1.2 Galerkin Approach 87

6.1.3 Finite Element Approach 87

6.2 Bending vibration of thin plates with nonlocal damping 87

6.2.1 Exact solution using transfer matrix approach 87

6.2.2 Galerkin Approach 87

6.2.3 Finite Element Approach 87

7 Experimental Identification of Damping 89

7.1 Identification of proportional viscous damping 89

7.1.1 The theory of damping identification 89

7.1.2 Numerical examples 89

7.1.3 Experimental results 89

7.2 Identification of non-proportional viscous damping 89

7.2.1 The theory of damping identification 89

7.2.2 Numerical examples 89

7.2.3 Experimental results 89

7.3 Identification of nonviscous damping 89

7.3.1 The theory of damping identification 89

7.3.2 Numerical examples 89

7.3.3 Experimental results 89

8 Parametric Sensitivity of Damped Systems 91

8.1 Review of parametric sensitivity of undamped systems 91

8.2 Parametric sensitivity of viscously systems 91

8.2.1 Sensitivity of the eigenvalues 91

8.2.2 Sensitivity of the eigenvectors 91

8.3 Parametric sensitivity of nonviscously systems 91

8.3.1 Sensitivity of the eigenvalues 91

8.3.2 Sensitivity of the eigenvectors 91

9 Computational Methods for Damped Systems 93

9.1 Single degree-of-freedom systems with one kernel function 93

9.2 Single degree-of-freedom systems with multiple kernel functions 93

9.3 Multiple degree-of-freedom systems with one kernel function 93

9.3.1 Calculation of the eigenvalues 93

9.3.2 Calculation of the eigenvector 93

9.4 Multiple degree-of-freedom systems with multiple kernel functions 93

9.4.1 Calculation of the eigenvalues 93

9.4.2 Calculation of the eigenvector 93

10 Advanced Topics in Nonviscously Damped Systems 95

10.1 Duffing’s oscillator with nonviscous damping 95

10.2 Nonviscously damped beams with impact 95

10.3 Linear systems with general nonviscous damping 95

10.3.1 Properties of the eigensolutions 95

10.3.2 Frequency response function 95

10.3.3 Transient response analysis 95

10.4 Asymmetric nonviscously damped systems 95

10.5 Active constrained layer damping 95

A Mathematical Preliminaries 97

A.1 Vector Spaces 97

A.2 Matrix Algebra 97

A.3 Laplace Transforms 97

References 99

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